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formerly called Magna Graecia. For in Bruttium are both the Epizephyrian Locrians and the Crotoniates 5.15.24 and the Thurians. Outside the gulf the first people are Greeks, called Epirotes, as far as the city of Epidamnus, 5.15.25 which is inhabited on the sea-coast. Adjoining this is the country of Precalis, after which comes what is called Dalmatia, and it has been assigned to the western empire. And from there are Liburnia and Istria and the country of the Veneti, 5.15.26 extending as far as the city of Ravenna. These people dwell along the coast in this region. But above them the Siscii and the Suebi (not those subject to the Franks, but another people beside 5.15.27 these) hold the interior country. And beyond these are settled the Carnii and the Norici. And to the right of these dwell the Dacians and the Pannonians, who hold, besides other places, Singidonum and Sirmium, extending as far as 5.15.28 the Ister river. Now of these nations outside the Ionian Gulf, the Goths were rulers at the beginning of this war, and beyond the city of Ravenna, on the left of the river Padus, dwell the Ligurians. 5.15.29 And of these, the parts toward the north wind are inhabited by the Albani in a land of exceeding excellence called Langubilla, and above these are the nations subject to the Franks, while the parts toward the west are held by the Gauls and after them 5.15.30 the Spaniards. On the right of the Padus are both Aemilia and the Tuscan nations, extending right to the boundaries of Rome. So much, then, for this. 5.16.1 But Belisarius, having seized all the boundaries of Rome in a circle as far as the river Tiber, fortified them. And since everything was in the best possible condition for him, he gave to Constantine many of his own shield-bearers along with other guardsmen, including Zarter, Chorsomanus and Aeschmanus the Massagetae, and another army, and ordered him to go into Tuscany, in order to subdue the places there. 5.16.2 And he ordered Bessas to occupy Narnia, a very strong city in Tuscany. This Bessas was a Goth by race, of those who had dwelt in Thrace of old and had not followed Theoderic when he led the Gothic people from there to Italy; he was an energetic man 5.16.3 and brave in matters of war. For he was an excellent general and skillful in action. And Bessas took Narnia, with the inhabitants not at all unwilling, while Constantine subdued Spoletium and Perusia and some other small towns 5.16.4 with no trouble. For the Tuscans received him into their cities willingly. So after establishing a garrison in Spoletium, he himself with the rest of the army remained quiet in Perusia, 5.16.5 the chief city of the Tuscans. But Wittigis, hearing this, sent an army and its commanders, Unilas and 5.16.6 Pissas, against them. Constantine went to meet them and came to blows in the suburb of Perusia. And since the barbarians were superior in number, the battle at first was closely contested, but afterwards the Romans, having become superior by their own valour, routed the enemy, and as they fled in disorder they killed almost all of them. 5.16.7 And having captured the enemy commanders alive, they sent them to Belisarius. But when Wittigis heard this, he was no longer willing to remain quiet at Ravenna, where indeed Marcias and those with him, 5.16.8 not yet having arrived from Gaul, were an obstacle to him. So he sent to Dalmatia a large army and the commanders Asinarius and Uligisalus, in order that they might recover Dal5.16.9matia for the Gothic rule. And he instructed them that, after gathering for themselves an army of the barbarians of that region from the lands around Suebia, they should thus go straight 5.16.10 to Dalmatia and Salona. And with them he also sent many long ships, so that they might be able to besiege Salona by land 5.16.11 and by sea. But he himself with his whole army hastened to go against Belisarius and Rome, leading no fewer than fifteen myriads of horsemen and footmen, and of these the majority were armoured together with their horses. 5.16.12 Asinarius, therefore, upon reaching the vicinity of Suebia, raised the barbarian army, but Uli5.16.13gisalus alone led the Goths into Liburnia. And when the Romans engaged them at a place called Scardon, being defeated in the battle

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μεγάλη Ἑλλὰς καλουμένη τὰ πρότερα. ἐν Βριττίοις γὰρ Λοκροί τέ εἰσιν οἱ Ἐπιζεφύριοι καὶ Κροτωνιᾶται 5.15.24 καὶ Θούριοι. τοῦ δὲ κόλπου ἐκτὸς πρῶτοι μὲν Ἕλληνές εἰσιν, Ἠπειρῶται καλούμενοι, ἄχρι Ἐπιδάμνου πόλεως, 5.15.25 ἥπερ ἐπιθαλασσία οἰκεῖται. καὶ ταύτης μὲν ἐχομένη Πρέκαλις ἡ χώρα ἐστὶ, μεθ' ἣν ∆αλματία ἐπικαλεῖται, καὶ τῷ τῆς ἑσπερίας λελόγισται κράτει. τὸ δὲ ἐντεῦθεν Λιβουρνία τε καὶ Ἰστρία καὶ Βενετίων ἡ χώρα ἐστὶ 5.15.26 μέχρι ἐς Ῥάβενναν πόλιν διήκουσα. οὗτοι μὲν ἐπιθαλάσσιοι ταύτῃ ᾤκηνται. ὕπερθεν δὲ αὐτῶν Σίσκιοί τε καὶ Σούαβοι (οὐχ οἱ Φράγγων κατήκοοι, ἀλλὰ παρὰ 5.15.27 τούτοις ἕτεροι) χώραν τὴν μεσόγειον ἔχουσι. καὶ ὑπὲρ τούτους Καρνίοι τε καὶ Νωρικοὶ ἵδρυνται. τούτων δὲ ∆ᾶκαί τε καὶ Παννόνες ἐν δεξιᾷ οἰκοῦσιν, οἳ ἄλλα τε χωρία καὶ Σιγγιδόνον καὶ Σίρμιον ἔχουσιν, ἄχρι 5.15.28 ἐς ποταμὸν Ἴστρον διήκοντες. τούτων μὲν δὴ τῶν ἐθνῶν Γότθοι κόλπου τοῦ Ἰονίου ἐκτὸς κατ' ἀρχὰς τοῦδε τοῦ πολέμου ἦρχον, ὑπὲρ δὲ Ῥαβέννης πόλεως Πάδου τοῦ ποταμοῦ ἐν ἀριστερᾷ Λιγούριοι ᾤκηνται. 5.15.29 καὶ αὐτῶν τὰ μὲν πρὸς βορρᾶν ἄνεμον Ἀλβανοὶ ἐν χώρᾳ ὑπερφυῶς ἀγαθῇ Λαγγούβιλλα καλουμένῃ οἰκοῦσι, τούτων τε ὕπερθεν ἔθνη τὰ Φράγγοις κατήκοά ἐστι, τὰ δὲ πρὸς ἑσπέραν Γάλλοι τε καὶ μετ' ἐκείνους 5.15.30 Ἱσπανοὶ ἔχουσι. τοῦ δὲ Πάδου ἐν δεξιᾷ Αἰμιλία τέ ἐστι καὶ τὰ Τούσκων ἔθνη, ἄχρι καὶ ἐς τοὺς Ῥώμης ὅρους διήκοντα. ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ὧδέ πη ἔχει. 5.16.1 Βελισάριος δὲ τὰ Ῥώμης ὅρια κύκλῳ ἅπαντα μέχρι ἐς ποταμὸν Τίβεριν καταλαβὼν ἐκρατύνατο. καὶ ἐπειδή οἱ ἅπαντα ὡς ἄριστα εἶχε, πολλοὺς τῶν αὑτοῦ ὑπασπιστῶν ξὺν δορυφόροις ἄλλοις τε καὶ Ζαρτῆρι καὶ Χορσομάνῳ καὶ Αἰσχμάνῳ τοῖς Μασσαγέταις καὶ στρατιὰν ἄλλην Κωνσταντίνῳ ἔδωκεν, ἔς τε Τουσκίαν ἐκέλευεν ἰέναι, ἐφ' ᾧ παραστήσεται τὰ ἐκείνῃ χωρία. 5.16.2 καὶ Βέσσαν ἐπήγγελλε καταλαβεῖν Ναρνίαν, πόλιν ἐχυρὰν μάλιστα ἐν Τούσκοις οὖσαν. ὁ δὲ Βέσσας οὗτος Γότθος μὲν ἦν γένος τῶν ἐκ παλαιοῦ ἐν Θρᾴκῃ ᾠκημένων, Θευδερίχῳ τε οὐκ ἐπισπομένων, ἡνίκα ἐνθένδε ἐς Ἰταλίαν ἐπῆγε τὸν Γότθων λεὼν, δραστήριος δὲ 5.16.3 καὶ ἀγαθὸς τὰ πολέμια. στρατηγός τε γὰρ ἦν ἄριστος καὶ αὐτουργὸς δεξιός. καὶ Βέσσας μὲν οὔτι ἀκουσίων τῶν οἰκητόρων Ναρνίαν ἔσχε, Κωνσταντῖνος δὲ Σπολίτιόν τε καὶ Περυσίαν καὶ ἄλλα ἄττα πολίσματα 5.16.4 παρεστήσατο οὐδενὶ πόνῳ. ἐθελούσιοι γὰρ αὐτὸν ταῖς πόλεσι Τοῦσκοι ἐδέχοντο. φρουρὰν οὖν ἐν Σπολιτίῳ καταστησάμενος αὐτὸς ξὺν τῷ ἄλλῳ στρατῷ ἐν Περυσίᾳ 5.16.5 τῇ Τούσκων πρώτῃ ἡσύχαζεν. Οὐίττιγις δὲ ταῦτα ἀκούσας στρατιάν τε καὶ ἄρχοντας Οὐνίλαν τε καὶ 5.16.6 Πίσσαν ἐπ' αὐτοὺς ἔπεμπεν. οἷς Κωνσταντῖνος ὑπαντιάσας ἐν τῷ Περυσίας προαστείῳ ἐς χεῖρας ἦλθε. πλήθει δὲ τῶν βαρβάρων ὑπεραιρόντων ἀγχώμαλος μὲν τὰ πρῶτα ἐγεγόνει ἡ μάχη, μετὰ δὲ Ῥωμαῖοι τῇ σφῶν ἀρετῇ καθυπέρτεροι γεγενημένοι τοὺς πολεμίους ἐτρέψαντο, φεύγοντάς τε οὐδενὶ κόσμῳ σχεδόν τι ἅπαντας 5.16.7 ἔκτεινον. καὶ ζῶντας ἑλόντες τοὺς τῶν πολεμίων ἄρχοντας παρὰ Βελισάριον ἔπεμψαν. ἐπεὶ δὲ ταῦτα Οὐίττιγις ἤκουσεν, ἡσυχάζειν ἐπὶ Ῥαβέννης οὐκέτι ἤθελεν, οὗ δὴ αὐτῷ Μαρκίας τε καὶ οἱ ξὺν αὐτῷ 5.16.8 οὔπω ἐκ Γαλλιῶν ἥκοντες ἐμπόδιοι ἦσαν. ἐς μὲν οὖν ∆αλματίαν στρατιάν τε πολλὴν καὶ ἄρχοντας Ἀσινάριόν τε καὶ Οὐλιγίσαλον ἔπεμψεν, ἐφ' ᾧ ∆αλ5.16.9 ματίαν τῇ Γότθων ἀρχῇ ἀνασώσονται. καὶ αὐτοῖς ἐπέστελλεν ἐκ τῶν ἀμφὶ Σουαβίαν χωρίων στράτευμα ἑταιρισαμένοις τῶν ταύτῃ βαρβάρων οὕτω δὴ εὐθὺ 5.16.10 ∆αλματίας τε καὶ Σαλώνων ἰέναι. ξὺν αὐτοῖς δὲ καὶ μακρὰ πλοῖα πολλὰ ἔπεμψεν, ὅπως Σάλωνας κατὰ γῆν 5.16.11 τε καὶ θάλασσαν πολιορκεῖν οἷοί τε ὦσιν. αὐτὸς δὲ τῷ παντὶ στρατῷ ἐπὶ Βελισάριόν τε καὶ Ῥώμην ἰέναι ἠπείγετο, ἱππέας τε καὶ πεζοὺς οὐχ ἧσσον ἢ μυριάδας πεντεκαίδεκα ἐπαγόμενος, καὶ αὐτῶν τεθωρακισμένοι ξὺν τοῖς ἵπποις οἱ πλεῖστοι ἦσαν. 5.16.12 Ἀσινάριος μὲν οὖν ἀμφὶ τὴν Σουαβίαν γενόμενος τὸ τῶν βαρβάρων στράτευμα ἤγειρε, μόνος δὲ Οὐλι5.16.13 γίσαλος Γότθοις ἐς Λιβουρνίαν ἡγήσατο. καὶ σφίσι Ῥωμαίων ἐν χωρίῳ Σκάρδωνι ἐς χεῖρας ἐλθόντων ἡσσηθέντες τῇ μάχῃ