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he said he was John, and the other, Philip the apostles. One of the soldiers, having seen this vision, reported it to the emperor. And when war was joined, the army of Eugenius flowed over to the emperor. And the image of Hercules led the army 1.568 of Eugenius, but for Theodosius, the precious cross. Furthermore, the emperor Theodosius also set up the column of the bull. He also founded a city in Thrace, naming it Theodosiopolis, which was formerly called Apron after its original founder Apros, who was the father-in-law of Carinus, who also killed him. He also founded another city in the name of his son, which was formerly called Bergoulion. When Eugenius became tyrant, Arbogastes of Galatia also joined him in the tyranny. And when the young Valentinian, the son of the great Valentinian, heard this in Rome, he used a noose. But the great Theodosius hurried to avenge him. And going out against the tyrant Eugenius, he did not trust in his own strength, but armed with the staff of a certain John, a great Egyptian monk, instead of a spear, and his shoulder-garment instead of a helmet, he forcefully captured the sinner alive and killed those with him. And after this victory, entering Rome, he bestowed very much upon the city, and he did away with the practice in the bakeries of the fallen animals being shut up with the mills until old age and forced to grind, and he cut short the public shaming of adulterous women, who were exposed in brothels by a bell. In the 11th year, having conquered Maximus the tyrant, he killed him and Andragathius his general for having murdered Gratian. 1.569 And having come to Rome, he crowned Honorius his son emperor, and went up to Constantinople. And at the request of Theophilus of Alexandria, all the temples of the Hellenes were destroyed and the idols were melted down and given for the needs of the poor. At that time also Marcellus, the bishop of Apamea in Syria, while destroying Hellenic temples, was killed by Hellenes. And when the temple of Sarapis in Alexandria was being dismantled, hieroglyphic letters were found in the form of a cross, which those of the Hellenes who saw them believed, saying that the cross, according to the meaning of the hieroglyphic letters, signified life to come. Some say that this Sarapis is Zeus, others say he is the Nile because he has the modius on his head and the cubit-rule. Others say that a certain Apis was a wealthy man in Egypt, who in a time of famine provided for the Alexandrians from his own resources, to whom, when he died, they erected a temple and a stele. And an ox of his was kept, which they also called Apis, by the same name as its master. This was a symbol of the farmer. And they renamed that man Gorasis, and the stele Sarapis. In this one's temple, at any rate, stood a great and terrible statue made as if from different materials, such that with each hand it held onto each of the walls. And inside this very great statue another shrine and idol and wooden image was suspended, made of bronze, but not large. Having inserted iron into its head, and having placed a lodestone perpendicularly in the coffers of the roof above, they let it be seen 1.570 suspended, hanging in mid-air, and touching neither the ground nor the roof itself. It must be known that an eidolon has no substance, but an indalma is a likeness and representation of something. And an eidolon is Sphinxes, Centaurs, dog-faced and bull-headed creatures, that is, things that do not exist, while likenesses are representations of things that do exist, such as of the sun, moon, stars, humans, beasts, reptiles and things similar to these.

It must be known that the Chaldeans worship fire as the destroyer of all things, and they have prevailed over all the gods of the Hellenes. And they approached the priest of Canopus, and he devised something of this sort. Having fashioned an earthenware water-jar in the form of a statue, he made fine holes underneath, which he blocked with wax and beautified with color, of an old

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ἔλεγεν ἑαυτὸν Ἰωάννην ὁ δὲ Φίλιππον τοὺς ἀπο στόλους. ταύτην δὲ τὴν ὅρασιν καὶ εἷς τῶν στρατιωτῶν ἰδὼν ἀπήγγειλε τῷ βασιλεῖ. καὶ πολέμου συγκροτηθέντος προσερρύη ὁ στρατὸς τοῦ Εὐγενίου τῷ βασιλεῖ. προηγεῖτο δὲ ἐν τῷ στρατῷ 1.568 τοῦ Εὐγενίου ἡ εἰκὼν τοῦ Ἡρακλέος, Θεοδοσίου δὲ ὁ τίμιος σταυ ρός. ἔτι δὲ ἔστησεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Θεοδόσιος καὶ τὸν κίονα τοῦ ταύ ρου. κτίζει δὲ καὶ πόλιν ἐν Θρᾴκῃ, Θεοδοσιόπολιν ὀνομάσας, τὸν πρὶν λεγόμενον Ἄπρων ἀπὸ τοῦ κτίσαντος αὐτὴν κατ' ἀρχὴν Ἄπρου, ὃς ἦν πενθερὸς Καρίνου, ὃς καὶ ἀνεῖλεν αὐτόν. ἔκτισε δὲ καὶ ἑτέραν πόλιν ἐπ' ὀνόματι τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ, τὸ πρὶν Βεργού λιον λεγομένην. Εὐγενίου τυραννήσαντος ἀντιγράφει καὶ Ἀργάβαστος ὁ ἀπὸ Γαλατίας σὺν αὐτῷ τυραννῆσαι. ἀκούσας δὲ ἐν Ῥώμῃ ὁ μικρὸς Οὐαλεντινιανός, ὁ τοῦ μεγάλου Οὐαλεντινιανοῦ παῖς, ἀγχόνῃ ἐχρήσατο. ἔσπευσε δὲ ὁ μέγας Θεοδόσιος εἰς ἐκδίκησιν αὐτοῦ. ἐξιὼν δὲ κατὰ τοῦ τυράννου Εὐγενίου οὐκ ἰδίᾳ ἰσχύϊ ἐθάρρησεν, Ἰωάννου δέ τινος Αἰγυπτίου μοναχοῦ μεγάλου τὴν ῥάβδον ἀντὶ δόρατος τὴν ἐπωμίδα δὲ ἀντὶ κράνους ὁπλισάμενος, κατὰ κράτος τὸν ἀλιτήριον χειροῦται ζῶντα καὶ τοὺς σὺν αὐτῷ ἀνεῖλε. μετὰ δὲ τὴν νίκην τούτου εἰσελθὼν ἐν Ῥώμῃ πλεῖστον τῇ πόλει ἐχαρί σατο, καὶ τὰ ἐν τοῖς μαγκιπείοις τῶν καταπιπτόντων ζῴων ἄχρι γήρως τοῖς μύλωσι συγκλειομένων καὶ ἀλήθειν κατεπειγομένων περιεῖλε, καὶ τὴν τῶν μοιχευομένων γυναικῶν ὕβριν, τὴν ἐν πορ νείαις διὰ κώδωνος ἐλεγχομένην, περιέκοψε. Τῷ ιαʹ ἔτει νικήσας Μάξιμον τὸν τύραννον ἀνεῖλε καὶ Ἀνδραγάθιον τὸν στρατηγὸν αὐτοῦ ὡς φονεύσαντα Γρατιανόν. 1.569 ἐλθὼν δὲ εἰς Ῥώμην ἔστεψεν Ὁνώριον τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ βασιλέα, καὶ ἀνῆλθεν ἐν Κωνσταντινουπόλει. καὶ τοῦ Ἀλεξανδρείας Θεο φίλου αἰτησαμένου τὰ ἱερὰ πάντα τῶν Ἑλλήνων καθῃρέθησαν καὶ τὰ εἴδωλα ἐχωνεύθησαν καὶ εἰς χρείας πενήτων ἐδόθη. τότε καὶ Μάρκελλος ὁ ἐπίσκοπος Ἀπαμείας τῆς Συρίας ναοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺςκαταστρέφων ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων ἀναιρεῖται. τοῦ δὲ ναοῦ τοῦ Σαρά πιδος ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ λυομένου ἱερογλυφικὰ γράμματα εὑρέθη σταυροῦ τύπον ἐπέχοντα, ἅπερ οἱ ἐξ Ἑλλήνων θεασάμενοι ἐπί στευσαν, λέγοντες σημαίνειν τὸν σταυρὸν κατὰ τὴν τῶν ἱερογλυ φικῶν γραμμάτων ἔννοιαν ζωὴν ἐπερχομένην. τοῦτον τὸν Σάρα πιν οἱ μὲν τὸν ∆ία εἶναι λέγουσιν, οἱ δὲ τὸν Νεῖλον διὰ τὸ τὸν μόδιον ἔχειν ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ καὶ τὸν πῆχυν. οἱ δὲ Ἆπίν τινα ἄν θρωπον εὔπορον ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ γεγονέναι, ὃς ἐν καιρῷ λιμοῦ ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων ἐπήρκεσεν Ἀλεξανδρεῦσιν, ᾧ καὶ τελευτῶντι ναὸν καὶ στήλην ἀνέστησαν· καὶ βοῦς αὐτοῦ ἐτρέφετο, ὃν καὶ Ἆπιν ἐκά λουν ὁμωνύμως τῷ δεσπότῃ. σύμβολον οὗτος ἦν τοῦ γεωργοῦ. μετωνόμασαν δὲ τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐκεῖνον καὶ Γόρασιν, καὶ Σάρα πιν τὴν στήλην. ἐν τῷ ναῷ γοῦν τούτου ἄγαλμα μέγα καὶ φοβε ρὸν οἷον ἐκ διαφόρου κατεσκευασμένον ὕλης ἵστατο, ὡς ἑκατέραις χερσὶν ἑκατέρων ἔχεσθαι τῶν τοίχων. ἔνδον δὲ τούτου τοῦ μεγί στου ἀγάλματος ἄλλος ναὸς καὶ εἴδωλον καὶ ξόανον ἀπῃώρητο χαλκοῦν, οὐ μέγα δέ. τούτου τῇ κεφαλῇ σίδηρον ἐνείραντες, τοῖς φατνώμασι δὲ τῆς στέγης ἄνωθεν μαγνῆτιν λίθον κατὰ κάθετον ἐνθέμενοι, μετέωρον τοῦτον τοῦ ἀέρος ἀφῆκαν ὁρᾶ 1.570 σθαι κρεμάμενον, καὶ οὔτε γῆς οὔτ' αὐτῆς τῆς στέγης ἐφαπτό μενον. Ἰστέον ὅτι τὸ μὲν εἴδωλον οὐδεμίαν ὑπόστασιν ἔχει, τὸ δ' ἴνδαλμά τινός ἐστιν ὁμοίωμα καὶ ἀπεικόνισμα. καὶ εἴδωλον μὲν Σφίγγες Κένταυροι κυνοπρόσωπα καὶ βουκέφαλοι ἤγουν τὰ μὴ ὑφεστῶτα, ὁμοιώματα δὲ τῶν ὑφεστώτων εἰκάσματα, οἷον ἡλίου σελήνης ἄστρων ἀνθρώπων θηρίων ἑρπετῶν καὶ τῶν τούτοις παραπλησίων.

Ἰστέον ὅτι Χαλδαῖοι τὸ πῦρ ὡς πάντων ἀναιρετικὸν σέβον ται, καὶ πάντας τοὺς Ἑλλήνων θεοὺς κατέδραμον. προσῆλθον δὲ καὶ τῷ Κάνωπος ἱερεῖ, καὶ αὐτὸς μηχανᾶταί τι τοιοῦτον. εἰς τύπον ἀγάλματος ὑδρίαν ὀστρακίνην κατασκευάσας τρήσεις ὑπέ θηκε λεπτάς, ἃς κηρῷ φραξάμενος καὶ χρώματι καλλύνας, πα λαιοῦ