Chapter LXIV.

But since he says, in addition to this, “What is this preference of sinners over others?” and makes other remarks of a similar nature, we have to reply that absolutely a sinner is not preferred before one who is not a sinner; but that sometimes a sinner, who has become conscious of his own sin, and for that reason comes to repentance, being humbled on account of his sins, is preferred before one who is accounted a lesser sinner, but who does not consider himself one, but exalts himself on the ground of certain good qualities which he thinks he possesses, and is greatly elated on their account.  And this is manifest to those who are willing to peruse the Gospels in a spirit of fairness, by the parable of the publican, who said, “Be merciful to me a sinner,”563    Luke xviii. 13. and of the Pharisee who boasted with a certain wicked self-conceit in the words, “I thank Thee that I am not as other men are, extortioners, unjust, adulterers, or even as this publican.”564    Luke xviii. 11.  For Jesus subjoins to his narrative of them both the words:  “This man went down to his house justified rather than the other:  for every one that exalteth himself shall be abased; and he that humbleth himself shall be exalted.”565    Luke xviii. 14.  We utter no blasphemy, then, against God, neither are we guilty of falsehood, when we teach that every man, whoever he may be, is conscious of human infirmity in comparison with the greatness of God, and that we must ever ask from Him, who alone is able to supply our deficiencies, what is wanting to our (mortal) nature.

Ἐπεὶ δέ φησι καὶ τό· Τίς οὖν αὕτη ποτὲ ἡ τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν προτίμησις; καὶ ὅμοια τούτοις ἐπιφέρει, ἀποκρινούμεθα ὅτι καθάπαξ μὲν ἁμαρτωλὸς οὐ προτιμᾶται τοῦ μὴ ἁμαρτωλοῦ· ἔστι δ' ὅτε ἁμαρτωλὸς συναισθόμενος τῆς ἰδίας ἁμαρτίας καὶ διὰ τοῦτο πρὸς τὸ μετανοεῖν πορευό μενος ἐπὶ τοῖς ἡμαρτημένοις ταπεινὸς προτιμᾶται τοῦ ἔλαττον μὲν νομιζομένου εἶναι ἁμαρτωλοῦ, οὐκ οἰομένου δ' αὐτὸν ἁμαρτωλὸν ἀλλ' ἐπαιρομένου ἐπί τισιν, οἷς δοκεῖ συνειδέναι ἑαυτῷ κρείττοσι, καὶ πεφυσιωμένου ἐπ' αὐτοῖς. Καὶ τοῦτο δηλοῖ τοῖς βουλομένοις εὐγνωμόνως ἐντυγχάνειν τοῖς εὐαγγελίοις ἡ περὶ τοῦ εἰπόντος τελώνου παραβολή· "Ἱλάσθητί μοι τῷ ἁμαρτωλῷ" καὶ περὶ τοῦ καυχησαμένου μετά τινος μοχθηροῦ οἰήματος Φαρισαίου καὶ φήσαντος· "Εὐχαριστῶ σοι, ὅτι οὐκ εἰμὶ ὡς οἱ λοιποὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἅρπαγες, ἄδικοι, μοιχοί, ἢ καὶ ὡς οὗτος ὁ τελώνης." Ἐπιφέρει γὰρ ὁ Ἰησοῦς τῷ περὶ ἀμφοτέρων λόγῳ τὸ "Κατέβη οὗτος εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ δεδικαιωμένος παρ' ἐκεῖνον· ὅτι πᾶς ὁ ὑψῶν ἑαυτὸν ταπεινωθήσεται, καὶ πᾶς ὁ ταπεινῶν ἑαυτὸν ὑψωθήσεται." Οὐ βλασφημοῦμεν οὖν τὸν θεὸν οὐδὲ καταψευδόμεθα, διδάσκοντες πάνθ' ὁντινοῦν συναίσθεσθαι τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης βραχύτητος ὡς πρὸς τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ μεγαλειότητα καὶ ἀεὶ αἰτεῖν ἀπ' ἐκείνου τὸ ἐνδέον τῇ φύσει ἡμῶν, τοῦ μόνου ἀναπληροῦν τὰ ἐλλιπῆ ἡμῖν δυναμένου.