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Plato has slandered those before him 5. Concerning the first succession according to Plato. From Numenius the Pythagorean 6. Concerning Arcesilaus who founded the second Academy. From the same 7. Concerning Lacydes who succeeded Arcesilaus. From the same 8. Concerning Carneades who founded the third Academy. From the same 9. Concerning Philo who succeeded Cleitomachus, who succeeded Carneades. From the same 10. That conjectures and disputes and much error are found among the Greek philosophers. From Porphyry's letter to Nectanebo and others 11. Concerning geometry and astronomy and calculations. From Xenophon 12. Concerning those who profess to study nature. From the same 13. Concerning gymnastics and music. From Plato's Republic 14. Opinions of philosophers concerning first principles. From Plutarch 15. Concerning the opinion of Anaxagoras. From Plato 16. Opinions of philosophers concerning the gods. From Plutarch 17. Against the school of Xenophanes and Parmenides who abolish the senses. From Aristocles 18. Against those after Pyrrho called Sceptics or also Ephectics, who declared that nothing is comprehensible. From Aristocles 19. Against the philosophers after Aristippus, who say that only the passions are comprehensible, but the rest incomprehensible. From the same 20. Against the school of Metrodorus and Protagoras, who say one must trust only the senses. From the same 21. Against those after Epicurus who define pleasure as the end. From the same 22. Further against those who define pleasure as being the good. From Plato 23. Against those after Epicurus who deny providence, and attribute the universe to atomic bodies. From Dionysius the bishop 24. From examples among men. From the same 25. From the constitution of the universe. From the same 26. From the nature of man. From the same 27. That it is not laborious for God to work. From the same

XIV 14.1.1 1. PREFACE CONCERNING THE SUBJECT Having discussed in the preceding book all that there was to say and hear concerning the philosophy of Plato, and his agreement with the Hebrew oracles, for which we have been amazed at the man, and again in turn his disagreement with the same, for which no one in his right mind would accept him, I now pass on to the remaining schools of those among the Greeks renowned for philosophy. 14.1.2 And again, their lapse from the truth I will set before the eyes of my readers to examine, not from myself nor from my own resources, but through the testimony again of their own Greek voices; not indeed hating any of the men, for whom I confess I have great admiration whenever I compare these men to others, 14.1.3 who are merely human; but when I compare them to the Hebrew theologians and prophets and to God, who through them has made predictions of things to come and demonstrations of miracles, and has indeed laid down a teaching of pious doctrines and true dogmas, I no longer think anyone ought reasonably to blame us, if we honor God before men, and truth itself before mortal reasonings 14.1.4 and conjectures. This entire argument of this present Preparation has undertaken to show this, as both a reply and a defense to those who will surely ask what good or venerable thing we saw in the writings of the barbarians that we have decided to prefer them to our ancestral and noble philosophy, that of the Greeks, I mean. But now let the proof for us proceed by deeds.

14.2.1 2. CONCERNING THE DISAGREEMENT OF THE PHILOSOPHERS WITH ONE ANOTHER AND

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Πλάτων τοὺς πρὸ αὐτοῦ διαβέβληκεν εʹ. Περὶ τῆς πρώτης κατὰ Πλάτωνα διαδοχῆς. Ἐκ τοῦ Νομηνίου τοῦ Πυθαγορικοῦ ʹ. Περὶ Ἀρκεσιλάου τοῦ τὴν δευτέραν Ἀκαδημίαν ὑποστησαμένου. Ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦζʹ. Περὶ Λακύδου τοῦ τὸν Ἀρκεσίλαον διαδεξαμένου. Ἀπὸ τοῦ αὐτοῦ ηʹ. Περὶ Καρνεάδου τοῦ τὴν τρίτην Ἀκαδημίαν ὑποστησαμένου. Ἀπὸ τοῦ αὐτοῦ θʹ. Περὶ Φίλωνος τοῦ διαδεξαμένου Κλειτόμαχον, τὸν διαδεξάμενον Καρνεάδην. Ἀπὸ τοῦ αὐτοῦ ιʹ. Ὅτι στοχασμοὶ καὶ λογομαχίαι καὶ πολλὴ πλάνη τυγχάνει παρὰ τοῖς Ἑλλήνων φιλοσόφοις. Ἀπὸ τῆς πρὸς Νεκτανεβὼ Πορφυρίου ἐπιστολῆς καὶ λοιπῶν ιαʹ. Περὶ γεωμετρίας καὶ ἀστρονομίας καὶ λογισμῶν. Ἀπὸ τῶν Ξενοφῶντος ιβʹ. Περὶ τῶν φυσιολογεῖν αὐχούντων. Ἀπὸ τοῦ αὐτοῦ ιγʹ. Περὶ γυμναστικῆς καὶ μουσικῆς. Ἐκ τῆς Πολιτείας Πλάτωνος ιδʹ. ∆όξαι φιλοσόφων περὶ ἀρχῶν. Ἐκ τοῦ Πλουτάρχου ιεʹ. Περὶ τῆς Ἀναξαγόρου δόξης. Ἐκ τοῦ Πλάτωνος ιʹ. ∆όξαι φιλοσόφων περὶ θεῶν. Ἐκ τοῦ Πλουτάρχου ιζʹ. Πρὸς τοὺς περὶ Ξενοφάνην καὶ Παρμενίδην τὰς αἰσθήσεις ἀναιροῦντας. Ἐκ τοῦ Ἀριστοκλέους ιηʹ. Πρὸς τοὺς κατὰ Πύρρωνα σκεπτικοὺς ἢ καὶ ἐφεκτικοὺς ἐπικληθέντας, μηδὲν καταληπτὸν εἶναι ἀποφηναμένους. Ἐκ τοῦ Ἀριστοκλέους ιθʹ. Πρὸς τοὺς κατ' Ἀρίστιππον φιλοσόφους, μόνα λέγοντας τὰ πάθη εἶναι καταληπτὰ, τὰ δὲ λοιπὰ ἀκατάληπτα. Ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ κʹ. Πρὸς τοὺς περὶ Μητρόδωρον καὶ Πρωταγόραν, μόναις δεῖν πιστεύειν ταῖς αἰσθήσεσι λέγοντας. Ἀπὸ τοῦ αὐτοῦ καʹ. Πρὸς τοὺς κατ' Ἐπίκουρον ἡδονὴν τέλος ὁριζομένους. Ἀπὸ τοῦ αὐτοῦ κβʹ. Ἔτι πρὸς τοὺς τὴν ἡδονὴν τὸ ἀγαθὸν εἶναι ὁριζομένους. Ἀπὸ τοῦ Πλάτωνος κγʹ. Πρὸς τοὺς κατ' Ἐπίκουρον πρόνοιαν μὲν ἀρνουμένους, ἀτόμοις δὲ σώμασιν ἀνατιθέντας τὸ πᾶν. Ἀπὸ τῶν ∆ιονυσίου ἐπισκόπου κδʹ. Ἀπὸ τῶν ἐν ἀνθρώποις ὑποδειγμάτων. Ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ κεʹ. Ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ παντὸς συστάσεως. Ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ κʹ. Ἀπὸ τῆς τἀνθρώπου φύσεως. Ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ κζʹ. Ὅτι οὐκ ἐπίπονον τῷ θεῷ τὸ ἐργάζεσθαι. Ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ

Ι∆ 14.1.1 αʹ. ΠΡΟΟΙΜΙΟΝ ΠΕΡΙ ΤΗΣ ΥΠΟΘΕΣΕΩΣ Ὅσα μὲν εἰπεῖν τε καὶ ἀκοῦσαι ἦν ἀμφὶ τῆς κατὰ Πλάτωνα φιλοσοφίας τῆς τε τούτου πρὸς τὰ Ἑβραίων λόγια συμφωνίας, δι' ἣν τὸν ἄνδρα καταπεπλήγμεθα, καὶ αὖ πάλιν τῆς πρὸς τοὺς αὐτοὺς διαφωνίας, δι' ἣν οὐκ ἄν τις αὐτὸν εὖ φρονῶν ἀποδέξαιτο, διελθὼν ἐν τῷ πρὸ τούτου, μέτειμι νῦν ἐπὶ τὰς λοιπὰς αἱρέσεις τῶν παρ' Ἕλλησιν ἐπὶ φιλοσοφίᾳ βοηθέντων. 14.1.2 καὶ τούτων αὖ πάλιν τὸν ἐκ τῆς ἀληθείας ὄλισθον οὐκ αὐτὸς οὐδὲ παρ' ἐμαυτοῦ, διὰ δὲ τῆς αὐτῶν πάλιν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν φωνῶν μαρτυρίας σκοπεῖν τοῖς ἐντυγχάνουσι πρὸ ὀφθαλμῶν θήσω· οὐ μὲν δή τισι τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἀπεχθόμενος, ὧν γε καὶ μέγα θαῦμα ἔχειν ὁμολογῶ, ὅταν δὴ τοῖς ἄλλοις, 14.1.3 οἷάπερ ἀνθρώποις, παραβάλλω τοὺς ἄνδρας· ἐπὰν δὲ τοῖς Ἑβραίων θεολόγοις τε καὶ προφήταις θεῷ τε τῷ διὰ τούτων καὶ μελλόντων προρρήσεις καὶ θαυμάτων ἐπιδείξεις πεποιημένῳ, ἀτὰρ δὴ καὶ μαθημάτων εὐσεβῶν δογμάτων τε ἀληθῶν διδασκαλίαν καταβεβλημένῳ, οὐκέτ' οἶμαί τινα δεῖν εὐλόγως ἐπιμέμψασθαι, εἰ θεὸν πρὸ ἀνθρώπων καὶ ἀλήθειαν αὐτὴν πρὸ θνητῶν λογισμῶν 14.1.4 τε καὶ στοχασμῶν τιμώμεθα. τοῦτο δέ μοι πᾶν ὁ τῆς παρούσης Προπαρασκευῆς δείξειν πεφιλοτίμηται λόγος, εἰς ἀπόκρισιν ὁμοῦ καὶ ἀπολογίαν τῶν δὴ πευσομένων, τί δὴ ἄρα καλὸν ἢ σεμνὸν ἰδόντες ἐν τοῖς βαρβάρων γράμμασι τῆς πατρῴας καὶ εὐγενοῦς φιλοσοφίας, τῆς Ἑλλήνων λέγω, προκρίνειν αὐτὰ διανενοήμεθα. ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἤδη δι' ἔργων ἡ ἀπόδειξις ἡμῖν χωρείτω.

14.2.1 βʹ. ΠΕΡΙ ΤΗΣ ΤΩΝ ΦΙΛΟΣΟΦΩΝ ΠΡΟΣ ΑΛΛΗΛΟΥΣ ∆ΙΑΦΩΝΙΑΣ ΚΑΙ