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Basil of Caesarea, Letters
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To the Cæsareans . A defence of his withdrawal, and concerning the faith .
Without address. To some friends .
To Arcadius, Imperial Treasurer .
Against Eunomius the heretic .
Without address. On the Perfection of the Life of Solitaries .
To Athanasius, father of Athanasius bishop of Ancyra .
To Athanasius, bishop of Ancyra .
To Cæsarius, brother of Gregory .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To the Church of Neocæsarea. Consolatory .
To the Church of Ancyra. Consolatory .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To his Brother Gregory, concerning the difference between οὐσία and ὑπόστασις.
To Eusebius, Bishop of Samosata .
To Paregorius, the presbyter .
To Meletius, Bishop of Antioch .
To Athanasius, Bishop of Alexandria .
To the Governor of Neocæsarea .
To Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria .
To Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria .
To Meletius, bishop of Antioch .
To Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria .
Without inscription: about Therasius .
Without inscription, on behalf of Elpidius .
To Eustathius bishop of Sebastia .
To Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria .
To Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria .
That the oath ought not to be taken .
Without address on the same subject .
Without address on the subject of the exaction of taxes .
To Meletius, bishop of Antioch .
To the holy brethren the bishops of the West .
To Valerianus, Bishop of Illyricum .
To the Patrician Cæsaria , concerning Communion .
To Elias, Governor of the Province .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To Eusebius, Bishop of Samosata .
To the deaconesses, the daughters of Count Terentius .
To the guardian of the heirs of Julitta .
To Jovinus, Bishop of Perrha .
To Eustathius, Bishop of Sebasteia .
To Meletius, bishop of Antioch .
To Theodotus, bishop of Nicopolis .
To Pœmenius , bishop of Satala .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To Meletius Bishop of Antioch .
To Theodotus bishop of Nicopolis .
To Abramius, bishop of Batnæ .
To Diodorus, presbyter of Antioch .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To Antipater, on his assuming the governorship of Cappadocia .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To Amphilochius in the name of Heraclidas .
To Ascholius, bishop of Thessalonica .
Without address . In the case of a trainer
To Eupaterius and his daughter .
To Amphilochius on his consecration as Bishop .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To Ascholius, bishop of Thessalonica .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To Amphilochius, Bishop of Iconium .
To the Master Sophronius, on behalf of Eunathius .
To Otreius, bishop of Melitene .
To the presbyters of Samosata .
To Eustathius, bishop of Himmeria .
To Theodotus, bishop of Beræa .
To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium .
To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium .
To Euphronius, bishop of Colonia Armeniæ .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium .
To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium .
To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium .
To the bishops of the sea coast .
To Elpidius the bishop. Consolatory .
To the notables of Neocæsarea .
To Meletius, bishop of Antioch.
To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium.
Against Eustathius of Sebasteia .
Consolatory, to the clergy of Colonia .
To the magistrates of Colonia.
To the magistrates of Nicopolis.
To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium.
To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium.
To Amphilochius, in reply to certain questions.
To the same, in answer to another question.
To the same, in answer to another question.
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata.
To the presbyters of Nicopolis .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata.
To the Presbyters of Nicopolis.
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To the bishops of Italy and Gaul concerning the condition and confusion of the Churches.
To Patrophilus, bishop of Ægæ .
To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium.
Without address. Commendatory.
To Patrophilus, bishop of Ægæ.
To the monks harassed by the Arians.
To the monks Palladius and Innocent.
To Eulogius, Alexander, and Harpocration, bishops of Egypt, in exile.
To Barses, bishop of Edessa, in exile.
To the wife of Arinthæus, the General. Consolatory.
Without address. Concerning Hera.
Without address. Concerning Hera.
To the assessor in the case of monks.
Without address. Excommunicatory.
Without address. Concerning an afflicted woman.
To Timotheus the Chorepiscopus .
Letters CCCXVI., CCCXVII., CCCXVIII., CCCXIX.
Letters CCCXVI., CCCXVII., CCCXVIII., CCCXIX.
Letters CCCXVI., CCCXVII., CCCXVIII., CCCXIX.
Letters CCCXVI., CCCXVII., CCCXVIII., CCCXIX.
Letters CCCXXX., CCCXXXI., CCCXXXII., CCCXXXIII.
Letters CCCXXX., CCCXXXI., CCCXXXII., CCCXXXIII.
Letters CCCXXX., CCCXXXI., CCCXXXII., CCCXXXIII.
Letters CCCXXX., CCCXXXI., CCCXXXII., CCCXXXIII.
Of the Holy Trinity, the Incarnation, the invocation of Saints, and their Images.
Letter CCXXIV.1167 Placed in 375.
To the presbyter Genethlius.
1. I have received your reverence’s letter and I am delighted at the title which you have felicitously applied to the writing which they have composed in calling it “a writing of divorcement.”1168 Matt. xix. 7. What defence the writers will be able to make before the tribunal of Christ, where no excuse will avail, I am quite unable to conceive. After accusing me, violently running me down, and telling tales in accordance not with the truth but with what they wished to be true, they have assumed a great show of humility, and have accused me of haughtiness for refusing to receive their envoys. They have written, as they have, what is all—or nearly all—for I do not wish to exaggerate,—lies, in the endeavour to persuade men rather than God, and to please men rather than God, with Whom nothing is more precious than truth. Moreover into the letter written against me they have introduced heretical expressions, and have concealed the author of the impiety, in order that most of the more unsophisticated might be deceived by the calumny got up against me, and suppose the portion introduced to be mine. For nothing is said by my ingenious slanderers as to the name of the author of these vile doctrines, and it is left for the simple to suspect that these inventions, if not their expression in writing, is due to me. Now that you know all this, I exhort you not to be perturbed yourselves, and to calm the excitement of those who are agitated. I say this although I know that it will not be easy for my defence to be received, because I have been anticipated by the vile calumnies uttered against me by persons of influence.
2. Now as to the point that the writings going the round as mine are not mine at all, the angry feeling felt against me so confuses their reason that they cannot see what is profitable. Nevertheless, if the question were put to them by yourselves, I do think that they would not reach such a pitch of obstinate perversity as to dare to utter the lie with their own lips, and allege the document in question to be mine. And if it is not mine, why am I being judged for other men’s writings? But they will urge that I am in communion with Apollinarius, and cherish in my heart perverse doctrines of this kind. Let them be asked for proof. If they are able to search into a man’s heart, let them say so; and do you admit the truth of all that they say about everything. If on the other hand, they are trying to prove my being in communion on plain and open grounds, let them produce either a canonical letter written by me to him, or by him to me. Let them shew that I have held intercourse with his clergy, or have ever received any one of them into the communion of prayer. If they adduce the letter written now five and twenty years ago, written by layman to layman, and not even this as I wrote it, but altered (God knows by whom), then recognise their unfairness. No bishop is accused if, while he was a layman, he wrote something somewhat incautiously on an indifferent matter; not anything concerning the Faith, but a mere word of friendly greeting. Possibly even my opponents are known to have written to Jews and to Pagans, without incurring any blame. Hitherto no one has ever been judged for any such conduct as that on which I am being condemned by these strainers-out of gnats.1169 cf. Matt. xxiii. 24. God, who knows men’s hearts, knows that I never wrote these things, nor sanctioned them, but that I anathematize all who hold the vile opinion of the confusion of the hypostases, on which point the most impious heresy of Sabellius has been revived. And all the brethren who have been personally acquainted with my insignificant self know it equally well. Let those very men who now vehemently accuse me, search their own consciences, and they will own that from my boyhood I have been far removed from any doctrine of the kind.
3. If any one enquires what my opinion is, he will learn it from the actual little document, to which is appended their own autograph signature. This they wish to destroy, and they are anxious to conceal their own change of position in slandering me. For they do not like to own that they have repented of their subscription to the tract I gave them; while they charge me with impiety from the idea that no one perceives that their disruption from me is only a pretext, while in reality they have departed from that faith which they have over and over again owned in writing, before many witnesses, and have lastly received and subscribed when delivered to them by me. It is open to any one to read the signatures and to learn the truth from the document itself. Their intention will be obvious, if, after reading the subscription which they gave me, any one reads the creed which they gave Gelasius,1170 cf. Letter cxxx. p. 198. and observes what a vast difference there is between the two confessions. It would be better for men who so easily shift their own position, not to examine other men’s motes but to cast out the beam in their own eye.1171 cf. Matt. vii. 4. I am making a more complete defence on every point in another letter;1172 i.e. Letter ccxxiii. this will satisfy readers who want fuller assurance. Do you, now that you have received this letter, put away all despondency, and confirm the love to me,1173 cf. 2 Cor. ii. 8.which makes me eagerly long for union with you. Verily it is a great sorrow to me, and a pain in my heart that cannot be assuaged, if the slanders uttered against me so far prevail as to chill your love and to alienate us from one another. Farewell.
ΓΕΝΕΘΛΙῼ ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΕΡῼ
[1] Ἐδεξάμην γράμματα τῆς εὐλαβείας σου καὶ ἐπῄνεσα τὴν προσηγορίαν ἣν εὐστόχως ὠνόμασας τὸ βιβλίον τὸ ὑπ' αὐτῶν συγγεγραμμένον, προσαγορεύσας βιβλίον ἀποστασίου. Ὅπερ οἱ συγγράψαντες, τίνα ηὐτρέπισαν τὴν ἀπολογίαν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀπαραλογίστου βήματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐννοεῖν οὐκ ἔχω. Προθέντες γὰρ ἡμετέραν κατηγορίαν καὶ σφοδρῶς ἡμῶν καταδραμόντες καὶ διηγησάμενοι ἃ ἐβούλοντο, οὐχ ἃ ἡ ἀλήθεια ἔχει, σχηματισάμενοι ἑαυτῶν πολλὴν ταπείνωσιν καὶ ἡμῖν περιθέντες ὑπερηφανίας ὄγκον, ὡς μὴ δεξαμένοις τοὺς παρ' αὐτῶν ἀποσταλέντας, πάντα ψευδῆ ἢ τάγε πλεῖστα, ἵνα μὴ ἐπικινδύνως φθέγξωμαι, ὡς ἀνθρώπους πείθοντες καὶ οὐχὶ Θεόν, καὶ ζητοῦντες ἀνθρώποις ἀρέσαι καὶ οὐχὶ Θεῷ παρ' ᾧ οὐδέν ἐστιν ἀληθείας προτιμότερον, οὕτω συνέγραψαν. Εἶτα ἐκεῖνοι τοῖς καθ' ἡμῶν γράμμασιν ὑπέταξαν ῥήματα αἱρετικὰ τὸν συγγραφέα τῆς ἀσεβείας ἀποκρυψάμενοι, ἵν' οἱ πολλοὶ καὶ ἁπλούστεροι ἐκ τῆς προγεγραμμένης ἡμῶν κατηγορίας ἡμέτερα εἶναι νομίσωσι τὰ συνημμένα, διὰ τὸ παρὰ τῶν τεχνικῶς ἡμᾶς διαβαλλόντων σιωπηθῆναι μὲν τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρὸς τῶν πονηρῶν δογμάτων, καταλειφθῆναι δὲ τῇ ὑπονοίᾳ τῶν ἀκεραιοτέρων τὸ ἡμᾶς εἶναι τοὺς ταῦτα ἢ ἐνθυμηθέντας ἢ γράψαντας. Ταῦτα οὖν γινώσκοντας ὑμᾶς παρακαλοῦμεν αὐτούς τε μὴ ταράσσεσθαι καὶ τῶν σαλευομένων τοὺς θορύβους κατασιγάζειν, εἰ καὶ ὅτι οἴδαμεν δυσπαράδεκτον ἡμῶν οὖσαν τὴν ἀπολογίαν, διὰ τὸ ὑπὸ προσώπων ἀξιοπίστων προκατασχεθῆναι ἡμῶν τὰς πονηρὰς βλασφημίας.
[2] Περὶ μὲν οὖν τοῦ ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν ἡμέτερα τὰ ὡς ἡμέτερα περιφερόμενα νομίζω, εἰ καὶ πάνυ ὁ καθ' ἡμῶν θυμὸς ἐπισκοτεῖ τοῖς λογισμοῖς αὐτῶν πρὸς τὸ συνορᾶν τὸ συμφέρον, ὅμως, ἐὰν ἐρωτηθῶσι παρ' ὑμῶν αὐτῶν, μὴ ἂν αὐτοὺς εἰς τοσοῦτον ἐλθεῖν σκληρότητος ὥστε τολμῆσαι φθέγξασθαι τῷ ἰδίῳ στόματι τὸ ψεῦδος καὶ εἰπεῖν ὅτι ἐμά ἐστι τὰ συντάγματα. Εἰ δ' οὐκ ἐμά, διὰ τί κρίνομαι ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων; Ἀλλ' ἐροῦσιν ὅτι κοινωνὸς Ἀπολιναρίου ἐγὼ καὶ τῶν τοιούτων δογμάτων τὴν διαστροφὴν ἔχων ἐν ἐμαυτῷ. Ἀπαιτηθήτωσαν τὰς ἀποδείξεις. Εἰ μὲν καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου διερευνᾶν ἴσασι, τοῦτο ὁμολογείτωσαν, καὶ γνωρίσατε αὐτῶν τὴν περὶ πάντα ἀλήθειαν. Εἰ δὲ ἐκ τῶν φαινομένων καὶ πᾶσι προδήλων ἐλέγχουσί μου τὴν κοινωνίαν, δειξάτωσαν ἢ κανονικὰ γράμματα παρ' ἐμοῦ πρὸς αὐτὸν διαπεμπόμενα, ἢ παρ' ἐκείνου πρὸς ἐμέ: ἢ τῶν κληρικῶν τὰς πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἐπιμιξίας, εἴ τινα αὐτῶν εἰς κοινωνίας εὐχὴν ἐδεξάμεθά ποτε. Εἰ δὲ ἐπιστολὴν προφέρουσι τὴν λοιπὸν πρὸ εἴκοσι πέντε ἐτῶν γραφεῖσαν αὐτῷ, παρὰ λαϊκοῦ πρὸς λαϊκὸν (καὶ οὐδὲ ταύτην ὡς γέγραπται παρ' ἐμοῦ, ἀλλὰ μεταποιηθεῖσαν, ὑπὸ τίνων δὲ ὁ Θεὸς οἶδε), γνωρίσατε αὐτόθεν τὴν ἀδικίαν, ὅτι οὐδεὶς ἐν ἐπισκοπῇ ὢν ἐγκαλεῖται, εἴ τι κατὰ ἀδιαφορίαν ἐν τῷ λαϊκῷ βίῳ ἀπαρατηρήτως ἔγραψε: καὶ τοῦτο μηδὲν περὶ πίστεως, ἀλλὰ ψιλὸν γράμμα φιλικὴν ἔχον προσηγορίαν. Τάχα δὲ κἀκεῖνοι φαίνονται καὶ Ἕλλησι καὶ Ἰουδαίοις γράψαντες καὶ μὴ ἔχοντες ἐγκλήματα. Μέχρι γὰρ σήμερον οὐδεὶς ἐκρίθη ἐπὶ τοιούτῳ πράγματι ἐφ' ᾧ ἡμεῖς καταδικαζόμεθα παρὰ τῶν διυλιζόντων τοὺς κώνωπας. Ὅτι μὲν οὔτε ἐγράψαμεν ἐκεῖνα οὔτε συντιθέμεθα αὐτοῖς, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀναθεματίζομεν τοὺς ἔχοντας ἐκεῖνο τὸ πονηρὸν φρόνημα τὸ τῆς συγχύσεως τῶν ὑποστάσεων, ἐν ᾧ ἡ ἀσεβεστάτη αἵρεσις τοῦ Σαβελλίου ἀνενεώθη, τοῦτο μὲν οὖν γνώριμον τῷ Θεῷ τῷ τὰς καρδίας γινώσκοντι, γνώριμον δὲ καὶ πάσῃ τῇ ἀδελφότητι τῇ εἰς πεῖραν ἐλθούσῃ τῆς ἡμετέρας ταπεινώσεως. Καὶ αὐτοὶ δὲ ἐκεῖνοι, οἱ νῦν σφοδροὶ κατήγοροι ἡμῶν, ἐρευνησάτωσαν τὸ ἴδιον συνειδὸς καὶ γνώσονται ὅτι ἐκ παιδὸς μακρὰν ἐγενόμεθα τῶν τοιούτων δογμάτων.
[3] Τί δέ ἐστι τὸ ἡμέτερον φρόνημα, εἴ τις ἐπιζητεῖ, γνώσεται ἀπ' αὐτοῦ τοῦ γραμματίου ἐν ᾧ ἡ ὑπογραφὴ αὐτῶν ἐστιν ἰδιόχειρος, ἣν ἐκεῖνοι βουλόμενοι ἀθετῆσαι τὴν ἑαυτῶν μεταβολὴν κρύπτουσιν ἐν τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ συκοφαντίᾳ. Οὐ γὰρ ὁμολογοῦσιν ὅτι μετεμελήθησαν τῷ παρ' ἡμῶν ἐπιδοθέντι αὐτοῖς βιβλίῳ ὑπογράφοντες, ἀλλ' ἡμῖν ἐπιφέρουσιν ἐγκλήματα ἀσεβείας νομίζοντες ἀγνοεῖσθαι ὅτι πρόσχημα μὲν αὐτοῖς ἐστιν ἡ ἀφ' ἡμῶν ἀναχώρησις: τῇ δὲ ἀληθείᾳ τῆς πίστεως ἀνακεχωρήκασιν ἣν πολλάκις ἐπὶ πολλῶν ἐγγράφως ὁμολογήσαντες τὸ τελευταῖον καὶ παρ' ἡμῶν ἐπιδοθεῖσαν ἐδέξαντο, καὶ ὑπέγραψαν ἃ πᾶσιν ἔξεστιν ἀναγινώσκειν, καὶ παρ' αὐτῶν τῶν γραμμάτων διδάσκεσθαι τὴν ἀλήθειαν. Γνωρίμη δὲ αὐτῶν ἔσται ἡ προαίρεσις, ἐάν τις μετὰ τὴν ὑπογραφὴν ἣν ἡμῖν ἐπέδωκαν ἀναγνῷ τὴν πίστιν ἣν Γελασίῳ ἔδωκαν, καὶ γνῷ πόσον τὸ διάφορον ἐκείνης τῆς ὁμολογίας πρὸς ταύτην. Οἱ τοίνυν οὕτως εὐκόλως πρὸς τὰ ἐναντία μετατρεπόμενοι μὴ τὰ ἀλλότρια κάρφη διερευνάτωσαν, ἀλλὰ τὴν δοκὸν τὴν ἐν τῷ οἰκείῳ ὀφθαλμῷ ἐκβαλλέτωσαν. Ἐντελέστερον δὲ δι' ἄλλης ἐπιστολῆς περὶ πάντων καὶ ἀπολογούμεθα καὶ διδάσκομεν, ἥτις πληροφορήσει τοὺς πλέον ἐπιζητοῦντας. Ὑμεῖς δὲ ἐν τῷ παρόντι ταῦτα ἡμῶν δεξάμενοι τὰ γράμματα πᾶσαν ἀφέλετε λύπην καὶ κυρώσατε εἰς ἡμᾶς ἀγάπην, δι' ὃ σφοδρῶς ἀντέχομαι τῆς πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἑνώσεως. Καὶ μεγίστη ἡμῖν ἐστι λύπη καὶ ἀπαραμύθητος ὀδύνη τῇ καρδίᾳ ἡμῶν, ἐὰν τοσοῦτον κατισχύσωσιν ὑμῶν αἱ καθ' ἡμῶν διαβολαὶ ὥστε ψύξαι τὴν ἀγάπην καὶ ἀπαλλοτριῶσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπ' ἀλλήλων.