Chapter LXXIX.

But if in these matters any one were to imagine that it is superstition rather than wickedness which appears in the multitude of those who believe the word, and should charge our doctrine with making men superstitious, we shall answer him by saying that, as a certain legislator605    [i.e., Solon.  S.] replied to the question of one who asked him whether he had enacted for his citizens the best laws, that he had not given them absolutely the best, but the best which they were capable of receiving; so it might be said by the Father of the Christian doctrine, I have given the best laws and instruction for the improvement of morals of which the many were capable, not threatening sinners with imaginary labours and chastisements, but with such as are real, and necessary to be applied for the correction of those who offer resistance, although they do not at all understand the object of him who inflicts the punishment, nor the effect of the labours.  For the doctrine of punishment is both attended with utility, and is agreeable to truth, and is stated in obscure terms with advantage.606    [See Gieseler’s Church History, vol. i. p. 212 (also 213), with references there.  But see Elucidation IV. p. 77, vol. iii., this series, and Elucidation at close of this book.  See also Robertson’s History of the Church, vol. i. p. 156.  S.]  Moreover, as for the most part it is not the wicked whom the ambassadors of Christianity gain over, neither do we insult God.  For we speak regarding Him both what is true, and what appears to be clear to the multitude, but not so clear to them as it is to those few who investigate the truths of the Gospel in a philosophical manner.

Ἐὰν δέ τις ἐν τούτοις δεισιδαιμονίαν μᾶλλον ἢ πονηρίαν περὶ τοὺς πολλοὺς τῶν πιστευόντων τῷ λόγῳ εἶναι φαντάζηται καὶ ἐγκαλῇ ὡς δεισιδαίμονας ποιοῦντι τῷ λόγῳ ἡμῶν, φήσομεν πρὸς αὐτὸν ὅτι, ὥσπερ ἔλεγέ τις τῶν νομοθετῶν πρὸς τὸν ἐρωτῶντα, εἰ τοὺς καλλίστους ἔθετο τοῖς πολίταις νόμους, ὅτι οὐ τοὺς καθάπαξ καλλίστους ἀλλ' ὧν ἐδύναντο τοὺς καλλίστους· οὕτω λέγοιτο ἂν καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ Χριστιανῶν λόγου ὅτι ὧν ἐδύναντο οἱ πολλοὶ εἰς βελτίωσιν ἠθῶν τοὺς καλλίστους ἐθέμην νόμους καὶ διδασκαλίαν, πόνους οὐ ψευδεῖς ἀπειλῶν καὶ κολάσεις τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσιν ἀλλ' ἀληθεῖς μὲν καὶ ἀναγκαίως εἰς ἐπανόρ θωσιν τῶν ἀντιτεινόντων προσαγομένους, οὐ μὴν καὶ πάντως νοούντων τὸ τοῦ κολάζοντος βούλημα καὶ τὸ τῶν πόνων ἔργον· καὶ τοῦτο γὰρ πρὸς τὸ χρήσιμον καὶ κατὰ τὸ ἀληθὲς καὶ μετ' ἐπικρύψεως συμφερόντως λέγεται. Πλὴν ὡς ἐπίπαν οὐ πονηροὺς ὑπάγονται οἱ τὰ χριστιανισμοῦ πρεσβεύοντες, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ἐπηρεάζομεν εἰς τὸ θεῖον· λέγομεν γὰρ περὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀληθῆ καὶ τοῖς πολλοῖς σαφῆ μὲν εἶναι δοκοῦντα οὐ σαφῆ δ' ὄντα ἐκείνοις ὡς τοῖς ὀλίγοις, φιλοσοφεῖν ἀσκοῦσι τὰ κατὰ τὸν λόγον.