Letter CCXXXIX.1279    Placed in 376.

To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata.

1.  The Lord has granted me the privilege of now saluting your holiness by our beloved and very reverend brother, the presbyter Antiochus, of exhorting you to pray for me as you are wont, and offering in our communication by letter some consolation for our long separation.  And, when you pray, I ask you to beg from the Lord this as the first and greatest boon, that I may be delivered from vile and wicked men, who have gained such power over the people that now I seem to see, indeed, a repetition of the events of the taking of Jerusalem.1280    ᾽Ιουδαϊκῆς ἁλώσεως, which the Ben. note is no doubt right in referring to the events of 70.  For the weaker grow the Churches the more does men’s lust for power increase.  And now the very title of bishop has been conferred on wretched slaves, for no servant of God would choose to come forward in opposition to claim the see;—no one but miserable fellows like the emissaries of Anysius the creature of Euippius, and of Ecdicius of Parnassus:  whoever has appointed him1281    The sudden change from the vaguer plural marks the strong contempt of the writer for the individual pointed at. has sent into the Churches a poor means of aiding his own entry into the life to come.

They have expelled my brother from Nyssa, and into his place have introduced hardly a man—a mere scamp1282    The paronomasia in ἄνδρα and ἀνδράποδον is untranslatable. worth only an obol or two, but, so far as regards the ruin of the faith, a match for those who have put him where he is.

At the town of Doara they have brought shame upon the poor name of bishop, and have sent there a wretch, an orphans’ domestic, a runaway from his own masters, to flatter a godless woman, who formerly used George as she liked, and now has got this fellow to succeed him.

And who could properly lament the occurrences at Nicopolis?  That unhappy Fronto did, indeed, for a while pretend to be on the side of the truth, but now he has shamefully betrayed both the faith and himself, and for the price of his betrayal has got a name of disgrace.  He imagines that he has obtained from these men the rank of bishop; in reality he has become, by God’s grace, the abomination of all Armenia.  But there is nothing that they will not dare; nothing wherein they are at a loss for worthy accomplices.  But the rest of the news of Syria my brother knows better, and can tell you better, than I.

2.  The news of the West you know already, on the recital of brother Dorotheus.  What sort of letters are to be given him on his departure?  Perhaps he will travel with the excellent Sanctissimus, who is full of enthusiasm, journeying through the East, and collecting letters and signatures from all the men of mark.1283    Sanctissimus, the envoy of Damasus, seems to have paid two visits to the East.  For letters of introduction given him by Basil, see Letters cxx., ccxxi., ccxxv., ccliv., cxxxii., and ccliii.  What ought to be written by them, or how I can come to an agreement with those who are writing, I do not know.  If you hear of any one soon travelling my way, be so good as to let me know.  I am moved to say, as Diomede said,

“Would God, Atrides, thy request were yet to undertake;

…he’s proud enough.”1284    Homer, Il. ix. 694–5 (Chapman).

Really lofty souls, when they are courted, get haughtier than ever.  If the Lord be propitious to us, what other thing do we need?  If the anger of the Lord lasts on, what help can come to us from the frown of the West?  Men who do not know the truth, and do not wish to learn it, but are prejudiced by false suspicions, are doing now as they did in the case of Marcellus,1285    cf. Letter lxix. p. 165. when they quarrelled with men who told them the truth, and by their own action strengthened the cause of heresy.  Apart from the common document, I should like to have written to their Coryphæus—nothing, indeed, about ecclesiastical affairs except gently to suggest that they know nothing of what is going on here, and will not accept the only means whereby they might learn it.  I would say, generally, that they ought not to press hard on men who are crushed by trials.  They must not take dignity for pride.  Sin only avails to produce enmity against God.

ΕΥΣΕΒΙῼ ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠῼ ΣΑΜΟΣΑΤΩΝ

[1] Ἔδωκεν ὁ Κύριος ἡμῖν καὶ νῦν διὰ τοῦ ποθεινοτάτου καὶ εὐλαβεστάτου ἀδελφοῦ ἡμῶν Ἀντιόχου τοῦ συμπρεσβυτέρου προσφθέγξασθαί σου τὴν ὁσιότητα, καὶ σὲ μὲν παρακαλέσαι τὰ συνήθη ποιεῖν, προσεύχεσθαι ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν, ἑαυτοῖς δὲ εὑρεῖν τινα τῆς μακρᾶς ἀπολείψεως παραμυθίαν ἐκ τῆς διὰ τοῦ γράμματος ὁμιλίας. Προσευχόμενος δὲ τοῦτο πρῶτον καὶ μέγιστον, παρακαλοῦμεν, αἴτει παρὰ τοῦ Κυρίου, ῥυσθῆναι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τῶν ἀτόπων καὶ πονηρῶν ἀνθρώπων, οἳ τοσοῦτον κατεκράτησαν τῶν λαῶν ὥστε οὐδὲν ἕτερον νῦν ἢ τὰ τῆς Ἰουδαϊκῆς ἁλώσεως ἡμᾶς ἐνεικονίζεσθαι πράγματα. Ὅσῳ γὰρ ἐπὶ τὸ ἀσθενέστερον ὑπορρέουσιν αἱ Ἐκκλησίαι, τοσούτῳ ἐπακμάζουσι τῶν ἀνθρώπων αἱ φιλαρχίαι. Καὶ εἰς δυστήνους ἀνθρώπους οἰκοτρίβων οἰκότριβας περιέστη νῦν τὸ τῆς ἐπισκοπῆς ὄνομα, οὐδενὸς αἱρουμένου ἀντεισάγειν ἑαυτὸν τῶν δούλων τοῦ Θεοῦ ἢ τῶν ἀπεγνωσμένων, ὁποῖοί εἰσιν οἱ νῦν ἐπιπεμφθέντες παρ' Ἀνυσίου τοῦ θρέμματος Εὐιππίου καὶ Ἐκδικίου τοῦ Παρνασσηνοῦ, ὃν κακὸν ἑαυτῷ τῆς μελλούσης ζωῆς ἐφόδιον ἐναφῆκε ταῖς Ἐκκλησίαις ὁ καταστήσας. Οὗτοι νῦν ἐξήλασαν μὲν τῆς Νύσσης τὸν ἀδελφὸν τὸν ἐμὸν καὶ ἀντεισήγαγον ἄνδρα, μᾶλλον δὲ ἀνδράποδον, ὀλίγων ὀβολῶν ἄξιον, τὴν δὲ τῆς πίστεως διαφθορὰν ἐφάμιλλον τοῖς καταστήσασι. Δοάροις δὲ τῇ κώμῃ φθορὸν ἄνθρωπον, ὀρφανῶν οἰκέτην, ἀποδράντα μὲν τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ δεσπότας, διὰ δὲ κολακείας ἀθέου γυναίου, ἣ πρότερον μὲν Γεωργίῳ ἐκέχρητο πρὸς τὸ ἴδιον θέλημα, νῦν δὲ τοῦτον ἔσχε διάδοχον ἐκείνου, ἔπεμψαν τὸ ἐλεεινὸν τῆς ἐπισκοπῆς καθυβρίζοντες ὄνομα. Τὰ δὲ Νικοπολιτῶν τίς ἂν πρὸς ἀξίαν ὀδύραιτο, τοῦ ἀθλίου Φρόντωνος πρότερον μὲν δῆθεν τὴν ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀληθείας συνηγορίαν σχηματιζομένου, τελευταῖον δὲ αἰσχρῶς προδόντος καὶ τὴν πίστιν καὶ ἑαυτὸν καὶ μισθὸν τῆς προδοσίας λαβόντος ὄνομα ἀτιμίας; Ἐδέξατο μὲν γὰρ παρ' αὐτῶν ἐπισκοπῆς ἀξίωμα, ὡς οἴεται, γέγονε δὲ τῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ χάριτι κοινὸν βδέλυγμα πάσης τῆς Ἀρμενίας. Πλὴν ὅτι οὔτε αὐτοῖς ἀτόλμητόν τι οὔτε ἀποροῦσι τῶν ἀξίων αὐτοῖς συνεργῶν. Τὰ δὲ λοιπὰ τῆς Συρίας ἄμεινον ἡμῶν καὶ οἶδε καὶ διηγήσεται ὁ ἀδελφὸς Ἀντίοχος.

[2] Τοῖς δὲ ἐκ τῆς Δύσεως αὐτὸς προενέτυχες διηγησαμένου πάντα τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ Δωροθέου, ᾧ ποταπὰς χρὴ δοῦναι πάλιν ἐπιστολὰς ἀπιόντι; Ἴσως γὰρ κοινωνήσει τῆς ὁδοῦ τῷ καλῷ Σαγκτησίμῳ, πολλὴν ἔχοντι σπουδὴν καὶ περιιόντι τὴν Ἀνατολὴν καὶ παρ' ἑκάστου τῶν ἐπισήμων ὑπογραφὰς καὶ ἐπιστολὰς κομιζομένῳ. Τίνα οὖν δεῖ ἐπιστεῖλαι δι' αὐτῶν ἢ τοῖς ἐπιστέλλουσι πῶς συνθέσθαι αὐτὸς μὲν ἀπορῶ: ἐὰν δὲ εὕρῃς ἐν τάχει τοὺς πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἀφικνουμένους, καταξίωσον ἡμῖν γνωρίσαι. Ἐμοὶ μὲν γὰρ τὸ τοῦ Διομήδους ἐπέρχεται λέγειν: »Μὴ ὄφελες λίσσεσθαι, διότι, φησίν, ἀγήνωρ ἐστὶν ὁ ἀνήρ.« Τῷ ὄντι γὰρ θεραπευόμενα τὰ ὑπερήφανα ἤθη ἑαυτῶν ὑπεροπτικώτερα γίνεσθαι πέφυκε. Καὶ γὰρ ἐὰν μὲν ἱλασθῇ ὁ Κύριος ἡμῖν, ποίας ἑτέρας προσθήκης δεόμεθα; Ἐὰν δὲ ἐπιμείνῃ ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ποία βοήθεια ἡμῖν τῆς Δυτικῆς ὀφρύος; Οἳ τὸ ἀληθὲς οὔτε ἴσασιν οὔτε μαθεῖν ἀνέχονται, ψευδέσι δὲ ὑπονοίαις προειλημμένοι ἐκεῖνα ποιοῦσι νῦν ἃ πρότερον ἐπὶ Μαρκέλλῳ: πρὸς μὲν τοὺς τὴν ἀλήθειαν αὐτοῖς ἀπαγγέλλοντας φιλονεικήσαντες, τὴν δὲ αἵρεσιν δι' ἑαυτῶν βεβαιώσαντες. Ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ αὐτός, ἄνευ τοῦ κοινοῦ σχήματος, ἐβουλόμην αὐτῶν ἐπιστεῖλαι τῷ κορυφαίῳ: περὶ μὲν τῶν ἐκκλησιαστικῶν οὐδέν, εἰ μὴ ὅσον παραινίξασθαι ὅτι οὔτε ἴσασι τῶν παρ' ἡμῖν τὴν ἀλήθειαν οὔτε τὴν ὁδὸν δι' ἧς ἂν μανθάνοιεν καταδέχονται, καθόλου δὲ περὶ τοῦ μὴ δεῖν τοῖς ὑπὸ τῶν πειρασμῶν ταπεινωθεῖσιν ἐπιτίθεσθαι μηδὲ ἀξίωμα κρίνειν ὑπερηφανίαν, ἁμάρτημα καὶ μόνον ἀρκοῦν ἔχθραν ποιῆσαι εἰς Θεόν.