Letter CCXL.1286    Placed in 376.

To the Presbyters of Nicopolis.

1.  You have done quite right in sending me a letter, and in sending it by the hands of one who, even if you had not written, would have been perfectly competent to give me considerable comfort in all my anxieties, and an authentic report as to the position of affairs.  Many vague rumours were continually reaching me, and therefore I was desirous of getting information on many points from some one able to give it through accurate knowledge.  Touching all these I have received a satisfactory and intelligent narrative from our well-beloved and honourable brother Theodosius the presbyter.  I now write to your reverences the advice which I give myself, for in many respects our positions are identical; and that not only at the present moment, but in times gone by too, as many instances may prove.  Of some of these we possess records in writing; others we have received through unwritten recollection from persons acquainted with the facts.  We know how, for the sake of the name of the Lord, trials have beset alike individuals and cities that have put their trust in Him.  Nevertheless, one and all have passed away, and the distress caused by the days of darkness has not been everlasting.  For just as when hail-storm and flood, and all natural calamities, at once injure and destroy things that have no strength, while they are only themselves affected by falling on the strong, so the terrible trials set in action against the Church have been proved feebler than the firm foundation of our faith in Christ.  The hail-storm has passed away; the torrent has rushed over its bed; clear sky has taken the place of the former, and the latter has left the course without water and dry, over which it travelled, and has disappeared in the deep.  So, too, in a little while the storm, now bursting upon us, will cease to be.  But this will be on the condition of our being willing not to look to the present, but to gaze in hope at the future somewhat further off.

2.  Is the trial heavy, my brethren?  Let us endure the toil.  No one who shuns the blows and the dust of battle wins a crown.  Are those mockeries of the devil, and the enemies sent to attack us, insignificant?  They are troublesome because they are his ministers, but contemptible because God has in them combined wickedness with weakness.  Let us beware of being condemned for crying out too loud over a little pain.  Only one thing is worth anguish, the loss of one’s own self, when for the sake of the credit of the moment, if one can really call making a public disgrace of one’s self credit, one has deprived one’s self of the everlasting reward of the just.  You are children of confessors; you are children of martyrs; you have resisted sin unto blood.1287    cf. Heb. xii. 4.  Use, each one of you, the examples of those near and dear to you to make you brave for true religion’s sake.  No one of us has been torn by lashes;1288    κατεξάνθη.  cf. the use of καταξαίνω (=card or comb) in the Letter of the Smyrneans on the Martyrdom of Polycarp, § 2, “They were so torn by lashes that the mechanism of their flesh was visible, even as far as the veins and arteries.”  cf. note, p. 2, on the difference between the persecution of the Catholics by Valens and that of the earlier Christians by earlier emperors, though exile and confiscation were suffered in Basil’s time. no one of us has suffered confiscation of his house; we have not been driven into exile; we have not suffered imprisonment.  What great suffering have we undergone, unless peradventure it is grievous that we have suffered nothing, and have not been reckoned worthy of the sufferings of Christ?1289    cf. Acts v. 41.  But if you are grieved because one whom I need not name occupies the house of prayer, and you worship the Lord of heaven and earth in the open air, remember that the eleven disciples were shut up in the upper chamber, when they that had crucified the Lord were worshipping in the Jews’ far-famed temple.  Peradventure, Judas, who preferred death by hanging to life in disgrace, proved himself a better man than those who now meet universal condemnation without a blush.

3.  Only do not be deceived by their lies when they claim to be of the right faith.  They are not Christians, but traffickers in Christ,1290    χριστέμποροι.  cf. the use of the cognate subst. χριστεμ πορία in the letter of Alexander of Alexandria in Theodoret, Ecc. Hist. i. 3.  χριστέμπορος occurs in the Didache, § 12, and in the Pseud. Ig., e.g., ad Mag. ix. always preferring their profit in this life to living in accordance with the truth.  When they thought that they should get this empty dignity, they joined the enemies of Christ:  now that they have seen the indignation of the people, they are once more for pretending orthodoxy.  I do not recognise as bishop—I would not count among Christ’s clergy1291    ἱερεῦσι.  cf. note in Letter liv. p. 157.—a man who has been promoted to a chief post by polluted hands, to the destruction of the faith.  This is my decision.  If you have any part with me, you will doubtless think as I do.  If you take counsel on your own responsibility, every man is master of his own mind, and I am innocent of this blood.1292    cf. Matt. iv. 24.  I have written thus, not because I distrust you, but that by declaring my own mind I may strengthen some men’s hesitation, and prevent any one from being prematurely received into communion, or after receiving the laying on of hands of our enemies, when peace is made, later on, trying to force me to enroll them in the ranks of the sacred ministry.  Through you I salute the clergy of the city and diocese, and all the laity who fear the Lord.

ΝΙΚΟΠΟΛΙΤΑΙΣ ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΕΡΟΙΣ

[1] Καὶ ἐπιστείλαντες ἡμῖν καλῶς ἐποιήσατε καὶ διὰ τοιούτου ἀνδρὸς ἐπιστείλαντες, ὃς καὶ ἄνευ γραμμάτων ἐξήρκεσεν ἂν ἡμῖν τήν τε ἐπὶ ταῖς φροντίσι παραμυθίαν ἱκανὴν παρασχεῖν καὶ διδασκαλίαν ἀκριβῆ τῶν πραγμάτων ποιήσασθαι. Πολλὰ γὰρ ἦν ἃ ἐπεζητοῦμεν παρὰ τοῦ σαφέστατα ἐπισταμένου μαθεῖν, διὰ τὸ τὰς φήμας πεπλανημένως πρὸς ἡμᾶς διαβαίνειν, ἃ πάντα εὐσταθῶς καὶ ἐμπείρως διηγήσατο ἡμῖν ὁ ποθεινότατος καὶ τιμιώτατος ἀδελφὸς ἡμῶν Θεοδόσιος ὁ συμπρεσβύτερος. Ἃ τοίνυν ἑαυτοῖς συμβουλεύομεν, ταῦτα καὶ πρὸς τὴν ὑμετέραν εὐλάβειαν γράφομεν: ὅτι πολλοῖς συνέβη ταῦτα ἃ καὶ ὑμῖν, καὶ οὐ κατὰ τὸν παρόντα καιρὸν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν τῷ παρελθόντι χρόνῳ μυρία τῶν τοιούτων τὰ ὑποδείγματα: τὰ μὲν ἐγγράφως αἱ ἱστορίαι καταλελοίπασι, τὰ δὲ τῇ ἀγράφῳ μνήμῃ παρὰ τῶν εἰδότων διεδεξάμεθα, ὅτι καὶ κατὰ ἄνδρα ἕκαστον καὶ κατὰ πόλεις πειρασμοὶ περιέσχον ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ Κυρίου τοὺς εἰς αὐτὸν ἠλπικότας. Ἀλλ' ὅμως παρῆλθε πάντα καὶ οὐδὲν τῶν σκυθρωπῶν ἀθάνατον ἔσχε τὸ λυπηρόν. Ὡς αἱ χάλαζαι καὶ οἱ χείμαρροι καὶ ὅσα τῶν κακῶν αὐτοσχέδια τὰ μὲν μαλακὰ ῥᾳδίως ἔβλαψε καὶ διελυμήνατο, τοῖς δὲ ἀντιτύποις περιτυχόντα ἔπαθέ τι μᾶλλον ἢ ἔδρασεν: οὕτω καὶ οἱ λάβροι κατὰ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας πειρασμοὶ κινηθέντες ἀσθενέστεροι τοῦ στερεώματος τῆς εἰς Χριστὸν πίστεως διεδείχθησαν. Ὡς οὖν παρῆλθε τῆς χαλάζης τὸ νέφος καὶ παρερρύη τὴν χαράδραν ὁ χείμαρρος (τὸ μὲν γὰρ εἰς αἰθρίαν διελύθη, ὁ δὲ ἐνηφανίσθη τῷ βυθῷ ξηρὰν καὶ ἄνικμον τὴν ὁδὸν δι' ἧς ἐρρύη καταλιπών): οὕτω καὶ τὰ νῦν ἡμᾶς χειμάζοντα μικρὸν ὕστερον οὐκ ἔσται. Μόνον ἐὰν καταδεξώμεθα μὴ τὸ παρὸν ὁρᾶν, ἀλλὰ τοῖς μικρὸν πορρωτέρω ταῖς ἐλπίσιν ἐνατενίζειν.

[2] Εἴτε οὖν βαρὺς ὁ πειρασμός, ἀδελφοί, ὑπομείνωμεν τὰ ἐπίπονα. Οὐδεὶς γὰρ μὴ πληγεὶς ἐν ἀγῶσι μηδὲ κονισάμενος στεφανοῦται. Εἴτε κοῦφα ταῦτα τοῦ διαβόλου τὰ παίγνια καὶ οἱ ἐπιπεμφθέντες ἡμῖν ὀχληροὶ μέν, διότι τοιούτου εἰσὶν ὑπηρέται, εὐκαταφρόνητοι δέ, ὅτι τῇ πονηρίᾳ αὐτῶν ὁ Θεὸς ἀδυναμίαν συνῆψε, φυλαξώμεθα τὴν κατάγνωσιν ὡς ἐπὶ μικροῖς παθήμασι μεγάλα ὀδυρόμενοι. Ἓν γάρ ἐστιν ὀδύνης ἄξιον, ἡ αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου ἀπώλεια τοῦ, τῆς προσκαίρου ἕνεκεν δόξης (εἴπερ οὖν δόξαν χρὴ λέγειν τὸ δημοσίᾳ ἀσχημονεῖν), τῆς αἰωνίας τῶν δικαίων τιμῆς ἑαυτὸν ἀποστερήσαντος. Τέκνα ὁμολογητῶν καὶ τέκνα μαρτύρων ἐστὲ τῶν μέχρις αἵματος ἀντικαταστάντων πρὸς τὴν ἁμαρτίαν. Τοῖς οἰκείοις ἕκαστος χρησάσθω ὑποδείγμασι πρὸς τὴν ὑπὲρ τῆς εὐσεβείας ἔνστασιν. Οὐδεὶς ὑμῶν πληγαῖς κατεξάνθη, οὐδενὸς οἶκος ἐδημεύθη: οὐ τὴν ὑπερορίαν ᾠκήσαμεν, οὐ δεσμωτήριον ἐγνωρίσαμεν. Τί πεπόνθαμεν δεινόν; Εἰ μὴ τάχα τοῦτο λυπηρὸν ὅτι μηδὲν πεπόνθαμεν μηδὲ ἐνομίσθημεν ἄξιοι τῶν ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ παθημάτων. Εἰ δὲ ὅτι ὁ δεῖνα τὸν οἶκον κατέχει τῆς προσευχῆς, ὑμεῖς δὲ ἐν τῷ ὑπαίθρῳ προσκυνεῖτε τὸν οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς Δεσπότην, τοῦτο ὑμᾶς ἀνιᾷ, ἐνθυμήθητε ὅτι οἱ μὲν ἕνδεκα μαθηταὶ ἐν τῷ ὑπερῴῳ ἦσαν ἀποκεκλεισμένοι, οἱ δὲ σταυρώσαντες τὸν Κύριον ἐν τῷ περιβοήτῳ ναῷ τὴν Ἰουδαϊκὴν λατρείαν ἐπλήρουν. Ἰούδας γὰρ τὸν δι' ἀγχόνης θάνατον τοῦ μετ' αἰσχύνης ζῆν προτιμήσας ἔδειξε τάχα τῶν νῦν ἀπερυθριασάντων πρὸς πᾶσαν ἀνθρώπων κατάγνωσιν καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἀναιδῶς πρὸς τὰ αἰσχρὰ διακειμένων ἑαυτὸν αἱρετώτερον.

[3] Μόνον μὴ ἐξαπατηθῆτε ταῖς ψευδολογίαις αὐτῶν ἐπαγγελλομένων ὀρθότητα πίστεως. Χριστέμποροι γὰρ οἱ τοιοῦτοι καὶ οὐ χριστιανοί, τὸ ἀεὶ αὐτοῖς κατὰ τὸν βίον τοῦτον λυσιτελοῦν τοῦ κατ' ἀλήθειαν ζῆν προτιμῶντες. Ὅτε ἐνόμισαν κτᾶσθαι τὴν κενὴν ταύτην ἀρχήν, προσέθεντο τοῖς ἐχθροῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ: ὅτε εἶδον τοὺς λαοὺς ἀγριαίνοντας, σχηματίζονται πάλιν τὴν ὀρθότητα. Οὐκ οἶδα ἐπίσκοπον μηδὲ ἀριθμήσαιμι ἐν ἱερεῦσι Χριστοῦ τὸν παρὰ τῶν βεβήλων χειρῶν ἐπὶ καταλύσει τῆς πίστεως εἰς προστασίαν προβεβλημένον. Αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ ἐμὴ κρίσις. Ὑμεῖς δὲ εἴ τινα ἔχετε μεθ' ἡμῶν μερίδα, ταὐτὰ ἡμῖν φρονήσετε δηλονότι: εἰ δὲ ἐφ' ἑαυτῶν βουλεύεσθε, τῆς ἰδίας γνώμης ἕκαστός ἐστι κύριος, ἡμεῖς ἀθῷοι ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος τούτου. Ταῦτα δὲ ἔγραψα οὐχ ὑμῖν ἀπιστῶν, ἀλλὰ τό τινων ἀμφίβολον στηρίζων ἐκ τοῦ γνωρίσαι τὴν ἐμαυτοῦ γνώμην, ὡς μὴ προσληφθῆναί τινας εἰς κοινωνίαν μηδὲ τῆς χειρὸς αὐτῶν ἐπιβολὴν δεξαμένους, μετὰ ταῦτα εἰρήνης γενομένης, βιάζεσθαι ἑαυτοὺς ἐναριθμεῖν τῷ ἱερατικῷ πληρώματι. Πάντα τὸν κλῆρον τόν τε κατὰ τὴν πόλιν καὶ τὸν ἐπὶ τῆς παροικίας, μετὰ παντὸς τοῦ λαοῦ τοῦ φοβουμένου τὸν Κύριον, ἀσπαζόμεθα διὰ σοῦ.