Chapter V.

The illustrious628    γενναιότατος. Celsus, taking occasion I know not from what, next raises an additional objection against us, as if we asserted that “God Himself will come down to men.”  He imagines also that it follows from this, that “He has left His own abode;” for he does not know the power of God, and that “the Spirit of the Lord filleth the world, and that which upholdeth all things hath knowledge of the voice.”629    Wisd. Solom. i. 7, καὶ τὸ συνέχον τὰ πάντα γνῶσιν ἔχει φωνῆς.  Nor is he able to understand the words, “Do I not fill heaven and earth? saith the Lord.”630    Cf. Jer. xxiii. 24.  Nor does he see that, according to the doctrine of Christianity, we all “in Him live, and move, and have our being,”631    Cf. Acts xvii. 28. as Paul also taught in his address to the Athenians; and therefore, although the God of the universe should through His own power descend with Jesus into the life of men, and although the Word which was in the beginning with God, which is also God Himself, should come to us, He does not give His place or vacate His own seat, so that one place should be empty of Him, and another which did not formerly contain Him be filled.  But the power and divinity of God comes through him whom God chooses, and resides in him in whom it finds a place, not changing its situation, nor leaving its own place empty and filling another:  for, in speaking of His quitting one place and occupying another, we do not mean such expressions to be taken topically; but we say that the soul of the bad man, and of him who is overwhelmed in wickedness, is abandoned by God, while we mean that the soul of him who wishes to live virtuously, or of him who is making progress (in a virtuous life), or who is already living conformably thereto, is filled with or becomes a partaker of the Divine Spirit.  It is not necessary, then, for the descent of Christ, or for the coming of God to men, that He should abandon a greater seat, and that things on earth should be changed, as Celsus imagines when he says, “If you were to change a single one, even the least, of things on earth, all things would be overturned and disappear.”  And if we must speak of a change in any one by the appearing of the power of God, and by the entrance of the word among men, we shall not be reluctant to speak of changing from a wicked to a virtuous, from a dissolute to a temperate, and from a superstitious to a religious life, the person who has allowed the word of God to find entrance into his soul.

Μετὰ ταῦθ' ὁ γενναιότατος Κέλσος οὐκ οἶδ' ὁπόθεν λαβὼν ἐπαπορεῖ πρὸς ἡμᾶς ὡς λέγοντας ὅτι αὐτὸς κάτεισι πρὸς ἀνθρώπους ὁ θεός· καὶ οἴεται ἀκολουθεῖν τούτῳ τὸ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἕδραν αὐτὸν καταλιπεῖν. Οὐ γὰρ οἶδε δύναμιν θεοῦ καὶ "ὅτι πνεῦμα κυρίου πεπλήρωκε τὴν οἰκουμένην, καὶ τὸ συνέχον τὰ πάντα γνῶσιν ἔχει φωνῆς", οὐδὲ συνιέναι δύναται τὸ "Οὐχὶ τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν ἐγὼ πληρῶ; λέγει κύριος". Οὐδὲ βλέπει ὅτι κατὰ τὸν Χριστιανῶν λόγον οἱ πάντες "ἐν αὐτῷ ζῶμεν καὶ κινούμεθα καὶ ἐσμέν", ὡς καὶ Παῦλος ἐν τῇ πρὸς Ἀθηναίους δημηγορίᾳ ἐδίδαξε. Κἂν ὁ θεὸς τοίνυν τῶν ὅλων τῇ ἑαυτοῦ δυνάμει συγκαταβαίνῃ τῷ Ἰησοῦ εἰς τὸν τῶν ἀνθρώπων βίον, κἂν ὁ "ἐν ἀρχῇ πρὸς τὸν θεὸν" λόγος, "θεὸς" καὶ αὐτὸς ὤν, ἔρχηται πρὸς ἡμᾶς, οὐκ ἔξεδρος γίνεται οὐδὲ καταλείπει τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἕδραν, ὡς τινὰ μὲν τόπον κενὸν αὐτοῦ εἶναι ἕτερον δὲ πλήρη, οὐ πρότερον αὐτὸν ἔχοντα. Ἐπιδημεῖ δὲ δύναμις καὶ θειότης θεοῦ δι' οὗ βούλεται καὶ ἐν ᾧ εὑρίσκει χώραν, οὐκ ἀμείβοντος τόπον οὐδ' ἐκλείποντος χώραν αὐτοῦ κενὴν καὶ ἄλλην πληροῦντος. Ἵνα γὰρ καὶ ἐκλείπειν αὐτὸν φῶμεν καὶ ἄλλον τινὰ πληροῦν, οὐ περὶ τόπου τὸ τοιοῦτον ἀποφανούμεθα· ἀλλὰ τὴν μὲν τοῦ φαύλου καὶ κεχυμένου ἐν τῇ κακίᾳ ψυχὴν φήσομεν καταλείπεσθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ, τὴν δὲ τοῦ βουλομένου ζῆν κατ' ἀρετὴν ἢ καὶ προκόπτοντος ἢ καὶ ἤδη ζῶντος κατ' αὐτὴν ἀποφανούμεθα πληροῦσθαι ἢ μετέχειν θείου πνεύματος. Οὐ χρεία οὖν εἰς τὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ κάθοδον ἢ εἰς τὴν πρὸς ἀνθρώπους ἐπιστροφὴν τοῦ θεοῦ καταλείπεσθαι ἕδραν μείζονα καὶ μεταβάλλεσθαι τὰ τῇδε, ὡς ὁ Κέλσος οἴεται, λέγων· Εἰ γὰρ ἕν τι τῶν τῇδε τοὐλάχιστον μεταβάλοις, ἀνατραπέντα οἰχήσεταί σοι τὰ πάντα. Εἰ δὲ χρὴ λέγειν μεταβάλλειν παρουσίᾳ δυνάμεως θεοῦ καὶ ἐπιδημίᾳ τοῦ λόγου εἰς ἀνθρώ πους τινά, οὐκ ὀκνήσομεν λέγειν μεταβάλλειν ἐκ φαύλου εἰς ἀστεῖον καὶ ἐξ ἀκολάστου εἰς σώφρονα καὶ ἐκ δεισιδαί μονος εἰς εὐσεβῆ τὸν παραδεξάμενον τὴν τοῦ λόγου τοῦ θεοῦ ἐπιδημίαν εἰς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ψυχήν.