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only accepting neither to be zealous for the good nor to contend against anyone because of evil, as if thereby acquiring peace for the church, which is worse than any enmity and a cause of great disorder. From this, then, the priests became useless and have become like the people. For since none of them were salt, as the Lord said, so that through rebukes they might restrain and check in some way the dissolute life, but rather forgiving and concealing each other's passions, they themselves became worse than the people, and the people worse than them. But some of the people were shown to be even better than the priests, appearing like coals in their lightless gloom. For if they, according to the Lord's word, had shone in their life like the sun, the gleaming coals would not have been seen, but would have been shown to be dimmed by the brighter light. But since only the pretense and the garment of the priesthood were left among the men, with the gift of the spirit having passed over to the monks and being made known through signs, as they pursued the life of the Apostles through their actions, there again the devil accomplished his own works. For seeing that they had appeared again in the world as some new disciples of Christ, and shone by their life and by their miracles, (436) bringing in false brothers and his own vessels, he mixed them with these, and having multiplied little by little, as you see, they became useless and have become monks completely un-monkly.

Therefore, neither to those who are monks in habit, nor to those who have been ordained and enrolled in the rank of the priesthood, nor to those honored with the dignity of the high priesthood—I mean patriarchs and metropolitans and bishops—is the power to forgive sins given by God simply so and through ordination alone and its dignity—far from it! For only to perform sacred rites has been permitted to them, but I think not even this to many of them, lest, being grass, they should be burned up from there, but only to those, among priests and high priests and monks, who are counted together in the choirs of Christ's disciples because of their purity. 14. Whence then shall both they who are enrolled among the aforementioned understand that, and those who seek them out recognize them accurately? From where the Lord taught, saying thus: "And these signs will accompany those who believe: in my name they will cast out demons, they will speak in new tongues"—which is the divinely-inspired and profitable teaching of the Word—"they will pick up snakes, and if they drink any deadly thing, it will not harm them," and again: "by their fruits you will know them." Of what fruits? Of which Paul, enumerating the multitude, says: "But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, kindness, faith, gentleness, self-control," with which are compassion, brotherly love, mercy, and the things that follow these; in addition to these: "a word of wisdom, a word of knowledge, gifts of healing, and many others, all of which one and the same Spirit works, (437) distributing to each as he wills." Those, therefore, who have come to share in these gifts, either all of them or in part according to what is expedient for them, have been enrolled in the choir of the Apostles, and those who now are made such are enrolled there. Wherefore these too are the light of the world, as Christ himself says: "No one, having lit a lamp, puts it under a bushel basket or under a bed, but on a lampstand, that it may give light to all in the house." But such men are known not from these things alone, but also from the conduct of their life; for thus both those who seek them and each one himself will know himself more accurately, as for example if, in the likeness of our Lord Jesus Christ, unashamedly, but rather as the greatest glory

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μόνον ἀποδεχόμενοι τό μήτε ὑπέρ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ ζηλωτήν εἶναι μήτε διά τό κακόν τινι ἀντιμάχεσθαι, εἰρήνην ὥσπερ ἐντεῦθεν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ περιποιούμενοι, ὅ χεῖρον πάσης ἔχθρας ἐστί καί μεγάλης ἀκαταστασίας αἴτιον. Ἐκ τούτου οὖν οἱ ἱερεῖς ἠχρειώθησαν καί γεγόνασιν ὡς ὁ λαός. Μή ὄντων γάρ τινων ἐξ αὐτῶν ἅλας, ὡς ὁ Κύριος ἔφη, ἵνα διά τῶν ἐλέγχων σφίγγωσι καί ἀναστέλλωσι κἄν ὁπωσοῦν τόν διαρρέοντα βίον, ἀλλά συγγινωσκόντων μᾶλλον καί συγκαλυπτόντων ἀλλήλων τά πάθη ἐγένοντο χείρους μέν αὐτοί τοῦ λαοῦ, χείρων δέ αὐτῶν ὁ λαός. Τινές δέ τοῦ λαοῦ καί κρείττονες ἀπεφάνθησαν μᾶλλον τῶν ἱερέων, ἐν τῷ ἐκείνων ἀφεγγεῖ ζόφῳ ὡς ἄνθρακες οὗτοι φαινόμενοι. Εἰ γάρ ἐκεῖνοι κατά τόν τοῦ Κυρίου λόγον ἔλαμπον τῷ βίῳ ὡς ὁ ἥλιος, οὐκ ἄν ὡρῶντο οἱ ἄνθρακες διαυγάζοντες, ἀλλ᾿ ὑπό τοῦ τρανοτέρου φωτός ἠμαυρωμένοι ἐδείκνυντο ἄν. Ἐπεί δέ τό πρόσχημα μόνον καί τό τῆς ἱερωσύνης ἔνδυμα ἐν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἐναπελείφθη, τῆς τοῦ πνεύματος δωρεᾶς ἐπί τούς μοναχούς μεταβάσης καί διά τῶν σημείων γνωριζομένης ὡς τόν βίον τῶν Ἀποστόλων διά τῶν πράξεων μετερχομένους, κἀκεῖ πάλιν ὁ διάβολος τά οἰκεῖα εἰργάσατο. Ἰδών γάρ αὐτούς ὅτι ὡς νέοι τινες μαθηταί τοῦ Χριστοῦ αὖθις ἀνεδείχθησαν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ, καί τῷ βίῳ καί τοῖς θαύμασιν ἔλαμψαν, (436) τούς ψευδαδέλφους καί τά ἴδια σκεύη εἰσαγαγών τούτοις ἀνέμιξε καί κατά μικρόν πληθυνθέντες, ὡς ὁρᾷς, ἠχρειώθησαν καί γεγόνασι μοναχοί πάμπαν ἀμόναχοι.

Οὔτε οὖν τοῖς τῷ σχήματι μοναχοῖς οὔτε τοῖς κεχειροτονημένοις καί εἰς ἱερωσύνης ἐγκαταλεγεῖσι βαθμόν οὔτε τοῖς τῷ τῆς ἀρχιερωσύνης τετιμημένοις ἀξιώματι, πατριάρχαις φημί καί μητροπολίταις καί ἐπισκόποις, ἁπλῶς οὕτως καί διά μόνην τήν χειροτονίαν καί τήν ταύτης ἀξίαν τό ἀφιέναι ἁμαρτίας ἀπό Θεοῦ δίδοται ἄπαγε! ἱερουργεῖν γάρ μόνον αὐτοῖς συγκεχώρηται, οἶμαι δέ οὐδ᾿ αὐτό τοῖς πολλοῖς αὐτῶν, ἵνα μή χόρτος ὄντες ἐκεῖθεν κατακαυθήσονται, ἀλλά μόνοις ἐκείνοις, ὅσοις ἐν ἱερεῦσι καί ἀρχιερεῦσι καί μοναχοῖς τό συγκαταριθμεῖσθαί ἐστι τοῖς τῶν μαθητῶν τοῦ Χριστοῦ χοροῖς διά τήν ἁγνότητα. 14. Πόθεν οὖν αὐτοί τε οἱ τοῖς εἰρημένοις ἐγκαταλεγέντες ἐκεῖνο νοήσωσι καί οἱ αὐτούς ἐκζητοῦντες τούτους ἀκριβῶς ἐπιγνώσονται; Ὅθεν ὁ Κύριος ἐδίδαξεν οὕτως εἰπών˙ «σημεῖα δέ τοῖς πιστεύσασι ταῦτα παρακολουθήσει˙ ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί μοι δαιμόνια ἐκβάλουσι, γλώσσαις λαλήσουσι καιναῖς ὅπερ ἐστίν ἡ θεόπνευστος διδασκαλία τοῦ Λόγου καί ὠφέλιμος , ὄφεις ἀροῦσι, κἄν θανάσιμόν τι πίωσιν, οὐ μή αὐτούς βλάψῃ», καί πάλιν˙ «ἐκ τῶν καρπῶν αὐτῶν ἐπιγνώσεσθε αὐτούς». Ποίων καρπῶν; Ὧν τό πλῆθος ἀπαριθμούμενος ὁ Παῦλος λέγει˙ «ὁ δέ καρπός τοῦ Πνεύματός ἐστιν ἀγάπη, χαρά, εἰρήνη, μακροθυμία, χρηστότης, πίστις, πρᾳότης, ἐγκράτεια» μεθ᾿ ὧν εὐσπλαγχνία, φιλαδελφία, ἐλεημοσύνη καί τά τούτοις ἑπόμενα˙ πρός τούτοις˙ «λόγος σοφίας, λόγος γνώσεως, χαρίσματα ἰαμάτων καί ἕτερα πλεῖστα, ἅ πάντα ἐνεργεῖ ἕν καί τό αὐτό Πνεῦμα, (437) διαιροῦν ἑκάστῳ καθώς βούλεται». Οἱ γοῦν τούτων ἐν μετοχῇ γεγονότες τῶν χαρισμάτων ἤ πάντων ἤ ἐκ μέρους κατά τό συμφέρον αὐτοῖς ἐν τῷ χορῷ τῶν Ἀποστόλων ἐγκατελέγησαν καί οἱ νῦν τοιοῦτοι ἀποτελούμενοι ἐκεῖσε ἐγκαταλέγονται. ∆ιό καί φῶς εἰσιν οὗτοι τοῦ κόσμου, ὡς αὐτός φησιν ὁ Χριστός˙ «οὐδείς λύχνον ἅψας τίθησιν αὐτόν ὑπό τόν μόδιον ἤ ὑπό κλίνην, ἀλλ᾿ ἐπί τήν λυχνίαν, ἵνα φαίνῃ πᾶσι τοῖς ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ». Οὐκ ἐκ τούτων δέ μόνων οἱ τοιοῦτοι γνωρίζονται, ἀλλά καί ἀπό τῆς τοῦ βίου αὐτῶν διαγωγῆς˙ οὕτω γάρ καί οἱ ζητοῦντες αὐτούς καί αὐτοί ἑαυτόν ἕκαστος ἀκριβέστερον ἐπιγνώσονται, οἷον εἰ καθ᾿ ὁμοιότητα τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἀνεπαισχύντως, μᾶλλον δέ ὡς μεγίστην δόξαν