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the heresies are to be condemned for making the Son inferior to the Father; for "making himself," they say, "equal to God," says the Gospel. «After these things Jesus went over the Sea of Galilee, which is the Sea of Tiberias. And a great multitude followed Him, because they saw the signs which He performed on those who were diseased. And Jesus went up on a mountain, and there He sat with His disciples. Now the Passover, a feast of the Jews, was near.» Hence, as the other gospels say, after John was delivered up, He came and dwelt in Capernaum by the sea; so that John himself is found saying things consonant with the others. For since the Passover occurs in the month of March or April, it is shown in every way that there were other times in which the Savior, after the temptation, came to John. 22. And the same men again accuse the holy evangelist, or rather the gospel itself, because, he says, John said the Savior celebrated two Passovers in a period of two years, but the other evangelists narrate concerning one Passover. And these ignorant men do not know that the gospels not only acknowledge two Passovers, as we have shown from all quarters, but he speaks of a first two, and that in which the 2.284 Savior suffered was another Passover, so that there were three Passovers from the time of the baptism and the beginning of the preaching, over three years, until the cross. For the Savior was born in the forty-second year of Augustus, emperor of the Romans, in the consulship of the same Octavius Augustus for the thirteenth time and of Silanus, as the Roman consular records have it. For it is written in them thus: «When these men were consuls, I mean Octavius for the thirteenth time and Silanus, Christ was born on the eighth day before the Ides of January, thirteen days after the winter solstice and the increase of the light and the day.» And this day the Hellenes, I mean the idolaters, celebrate on the eighth day before the Kalends of January, which is called Saturnalia by the Romans, but Kronia by the Egyptians, and Kikellia by the Alexandrians. For on the eighth day before the Kalends of January this division occurs, which is the solstice, and the day begins to lengthen as the light receives its increase, and it completes a number of thirteen days up to the eighth day before the Ides of January, until the day of Christ's birth, a thirtieth of an hour being added each day; as also Ephrem, the wise one among the Syrians, testified to this account in his commentaries, saying that «for thus was the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ 2.285 ordained, the birth according to the flesh, or rather the perfect incarnation, which is called Epiphany, from the beginning of the increase of the light over an interval of thirteen days; for it was necessary that this also be a type of the number of our same Lord Jesus Christ and His twelve disciples, which fulfilled the number of the thirteen days of the increase of light». And how many other things for the subject and testimony of this account, I mean of the birth of Christ, have happened and are happening. For also the leaders of the religion of idols, compelled to confess a certain part of the truth, and deceptive in order to deceive the idolaters who were persuaded by them, in many places celebrate a very great feast on this very night of the Epiphany, so that those who hope in the error might not seek the truth. First, in Alexandria in the so-called Koreion; it is a very large temple, that is, the precinct of Kore. For after keeping an all-night vigil in certain songs and with flutes, singing to the idol and completing the all-night service, after the crowing of the cocks, torchbearers descend into a certain underground shrine and bring up a certain wooden image seated naked on a litter, having a certain seal of a cross on its forehead, gilded, and on both

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καταγνωστέαι αἱ αἱρέσεις ἐλλιπῆ ποιοῦσαι τὸν υἱὸν πρὸς τὸν πατέρα; «ἴσον» γὰρ φασίν «ἑαυτὸν ποιῶν τῷ θεῷ», λέγει τὸ εὐαγγέλιον. «μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἀπῆλθεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης τῆς Γαλιλαίας τῆς Τιβεριάδος, ἠκολούθει δὲ αὐτῷ ὄχλος πολύς, ὁρῶντες τὰ σημεῖα ἃ ἐποίει ἐπὶ τῶν ἀσθενούντων. ἀνῆλθεν οὖν ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἰς τὸ ὄρος καὶ ἐκεῖ ἐκαθέζετο μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ. ἦν δὲ ἐγγὺς τὸ Πάσχα ἡ ἑορτὴ τῶν Ἰουδαίων.» λοιπὸν ὡς λέγει τὰ ἄλλα εὐαγγέλια, παραδοθέντος τοῦ Ἰωάννου ἐλθὼν κατῴκησεν εἰς Καφαρναοὺμ τὴν παραθαλάσσιον· ὡς καὶ αὐτὸς Ἰωάννης συνῳδὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις εὑρίσκεται λέγων. τοῦ γὰρ Πάσχα ἐν μηνὶ Μαρτίῳ ἢ Ἀπριλλίῳ γινομένου ἐξ ἅπαντος δείκνυνται ἄλλοι ὄντες καιροὶ ἐν οἷς ὁ σωτὴρ μετὰ τὸν πειρασμὸν πρὸς τὸν Ἰωάννην ἀφικνεῖται. 22. Κατηγοροῦσι δὲ οἱ αὐτοὶ πάλιν τοῦ ἁγίου εὐαγγελιστοῦ, μᾶλλον δὲ αὐτοῦ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου, ὅτι, φησίν, ὁ Ἰωάννης ἔφη δύο Πάσχα τὸν σωτῆρα πεποιηκέναι ἐν περιόδῳ ἐνιαυτῶν δύο, οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι εὐαγγελισταὶ περὶ ἑνὸς Πάσχα διηγοῦνται. καὶ οὐκ ἴσασιν οἱ ἰδιῶται ὅτι οὐ μόνον δύο Πάσχα ὁμολογεῖ τὰ εὐαγγέλια, ὡς πανταχόθεν ἐδείξαμεν, ἀλλὰ δύο μὲν πρῶτα λέγει καὶ αὐτὸ δὲ ἐν ᾧ πέπονθεν ὁ 2.284 σωτὴρ ἄλλο Πάσχα, ὡς εἶναι τρία Πάσχα ἀπὸ τοῦ χρόνου τοῦ βαπτίσματος καὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς τοῦ κηρύγματος ἐπὶ τρισὶν ἔτεσιν ἕως τοῦ σταυροῦ. Γεννᾶται μὲν γὰρ ὁ σωτὴρ τεσσαρακοστῷ δευτέρῳ ἔτει Αὐγούστου βασιλέως τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἐν ὑπατείᾳ τοῦ αὐτοῦ Ὀκταυίου Αὐγούστου τὸ τρισκαιδέκατον καὶ Σιλανοῦ, ὡς ἔχει τὰ παρὰ Ῥωμαίοις ὑπατάρια. κεῖται γὰρ ἐν αὐτοῖς οὕτως· «τούτων ὑπατευόντων, φημὶ δὲ Ὀκταυίου τὸ τρισκαιδέκατον καὶ Σιλανοῦ, ἐγεννήθη Χριστὸς τῇ πρὸ ὀκτὼ εἰδῶν Ἰανουαρίων μετὰ δεκατρεῖς ἡμέρας τῆς χειμερινῆς τροπῆς καὶ τῆς τοῦ φωτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας προσθήκης.» ταύτην δὲ τὴν ἡμέραν ἑορτάζουσιν Ἕλληνες, φημὶ δὲ οἱ εἰδωλολάτραι, τῇ πρὸ ὀκτὼ καλανδῶν Ἰανουαρίων, τῇ παρὰ Ῥωμαίοις καλουμένῃ Σατουρνάλια, παρ' Αἰγυπτίοις δὲ Κρόνια, παρὰ Ἀλεξανδρεῦσι δὲ Κικέλλια. τῇ γὰρ πρὸ ὀκτὼ καλανδῶν Ἰανουαρίων τοῦτο τὸ τμῆμα γίνεται, ὅ ἐστι τροπή, καὶ ἄρχεται αὔξειν ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ φωτὸς λαμβάνοντος τὴν προσθήκην, πληροῖ δὲ δεκατριῶν ἡμερῶν ἀριθμὸν εἰς τὴν πρὸ ὀκτὼ εἰδῶν Ἰανουαρίων, ἕως ἡμέρας τῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ γεννήσεως προστιθεμένου τριακοστοῦ ὥρας ἑκάστῃ ἡμέρᾳ· ὡς καὶ ὁ παρὰ τοῖς Σύροις σοφὸς Ἐφραῒμ ἐμαρτύρησε τούτῳ τῷ λόγῳ ἐν ταῖς αὐτοῦ ἐξηγήσεσι λέγων ὅτι «οὕτως γὰρ ᾠκονομήθη ἡ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 2.285 παρουσία, ἡ κατὰ σάρκα γέννησις εἴτ' οὖν τελεία ἐνανθρώπησις, ὃ καλεῖται Ἐπιφάνεια, ἀπὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς τῆς τοῦ φωτὸς αὐξήσεως ἐπὶ δέκα τριῶν ἡμερῶν διαστήματι· ἐχρῆν γὰρ καὶ τοῦτο τύπον γενέσθαι ἀριθμοῦ τοῦ αὐτοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ τῶν αὐτοῦ δώδεκα μαθητῶν, ὃς τὸν τῶν δεκατριῶν ἡμερῶν τῆς τοῦ φωτὸς αὐξήσεως ἐπλήρου ἀριθμόν». πόσα τε ἄλλα εἰς τὴν τούτου τοῦ λόγου ὑπόθεσίν τε καὶ μαρτυρίαν, φημὶ δὲ τῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ γεννήσεως, γέγονέν τε καὶ γίνεται. καὶ γὰρ καὶ μέρος τι τῆς ἀληθείας ἀναγκαζόμενοι ὁμολογεῖν οἱ τῆς τῶν εἰδώλων θρῃσκείας ἀρχηγέται καὶ ἀπατηλοὶ εἰς τὸ ἐξαπατῆσαι τοὺς πεισθέντας αὐτοῖς εἰδωλολάτρας ἐν πολλοῖς τόποις ἑορτὴν μεγίστην ἄγουσιν ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ νυκτὶ τῶν Ἐπιφανείων, εἰς τὸ ἐπὶ τῇ πλάνῃ ἐλπίσαντας μὴ ζητεῖν τὴν ἀλήθειαν. πρῶτον μὲν ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ ἐν τῷ Κορείῳ οὕτω καλουμένῳ· ναὸς δέ ἐστι μέγιστος τουτέστιν τὸ τέμενος τῆς Κόρης. ὅλην γὰρ τὴν νύκτα ἀγρυπνήσαντες ἐν ᾄσμασί τισι καὶ αὐλοῖς τῷ εἰδώλῳ ᾄδοντες καὶ παννυχίδα διατελέσαντες μετὰ τὴν τῶν ἀλεκτρυόνων κλαγγὴν κατέρχονται λαμπαδηφόροι εἰς σηκόν τινα ὑπόγαιον καὶ ἀναφέρουσι ξόανόν τι ξύλινον ἐν φορείῳ καθεζόμενον γυμνόν, ἔχον σφραγῖδά τινα σταυροῦ ἐπὶ τοῦ μετώπου διάχρυσον καὶ ἐπὶ ταῖς ἑκατέραις