Origen of Alexandria, Against Celsus

And with respect to His having descended among men, He was “previously in the form of God;”674 Cf. Phil. ii. 6, 7. and through benevolence, divested Himself (of His glory), that He might be capable of being received by men. But He did not, I imagine, undergo any change from “good to evil,” for “He did no sin;”675 Cf. 1 Pet. ii. 22. nor from “virtue to vice,” for “He knew no sin.”676 Cf. 2 Cor. v. 21. Nor did He pass from “happiness to misery,” but He humbled Himself, and nevertheless was blessed, even when His humiliation was undergone in order to benefit our race. Nor was there any change in Him from “best to worst,” for how can goodness and benevolence be of “the worst?” Is it befitting to say of the physician, who looks on dreadful sights and handles unsightly objects in order to cure the sufferers, that he passes from “good to evil,” or from “virtue to vice,” or from “happiness to misery?” And yet the physician, in looking on dreadful sights and handling unsightly objects, does not wholly escape the possibility of being involved in the same fate. But He who heals the wounds of our souls, through the word of God that is in Him, is Himself incapable of admitting any wickedness. But if the immortal God—the Word677 [Gieseler cites this chapter (and cap. xix. infra) to show that Origen taught that the Logos did not assume a human body. Could words be stronger to the contrary? “He becomes, as it were, flesh,” is used below to guard against transmutation.]—by assuming a mortal body and a human soul, appears to Celsus to undergo a change and transformation, let him learn that the Word, still remaining essentially the Word, suffers none of those things which are suffered by the body or the soul; but, condescending occasionally to (the weakness of) him who is unable to look upon the splendours and brilliancy of Deity, He becomes as it were flesh, speaking with a literal voice, until he who has received Him in such a form is able, through being elevated in some slight degree by the teaching of the Word, to gaze upon what is, so to speak, His real and pre-eminent appearance.678 προηγουμένην.

Τὸ δὲ καταβεβηκὸς εἰς ἀνθρώπους "ἐν μορφῇ θεοῦ" ὑπῆρχε καὶ διὰ φιλανθρωπίαν "ἑαυτὸν ἐκένωσεν", ἵνα χωρηθῆναι ὑπ' ἀνθρώπων δυνηθῇ. Οὐ δή που δ' ἐξ ἀγαθοῦ εἰς κακὸν γέγονεν αὐτῷ μεταβολή, "ἁμαρτίαν" γὰρ "οὐκ ἐποίησεν", οὐδ' ἐκ καλοῦ εἰς αἰσχρόν, οὐ γὰρ ἔγνω "ἁμαρτίαν", οὐδὲ ἐξ εὐδαιμονίας ἦλθεν εἰς κακοδαιμονίαν, ἀλλ' "ἑαυτὸν" μὲν "ἐταπείνωσεν" οὐδὲν δ' ἧττον μακάριος ἦν, καὶ ὅτε συμφερόντως τῷ γένει ἡμῶν ἑαυτὸν ἐταπείνου. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲ μεταβολή τις αὐτῷ γέγονεν ἐκ τοῦ ἀρίστου εἰς τὸ πονηρότατον· ποῦ γὰρ πονηρότατον τὸ χρηστὸν καὶ φιλάνθρωπον; Ἢ ὥρα λέγειν καὶ τὸν ἰατρὸν ὁρῶντα δεινὰ καὶ θιγγάνοντα ἀηδῶν, ἵνα τοὺς κάμνοντας ἰάσηται, ἐξ ἀγαθοῦ εἰς κακὸν ἢ ἐκ καλοῦ εἰς αἰσχρὸν ἢ ἐξ εὐδαιμονίας εἰς κακοδαιμονίαν ἔρχεσθαι. Καίτοι γε ὁ ἰατρὸς ὁρῶν τὰ δεινὰ καὶ θιγγάνων τῶν ἀηδῶν οὐ πάντως ἐκφεύγει τὸ τοῖς αὐτοῖς δύνασθαι περιπεσεῖν· ὁ δὲ "τὰ τραύματα" τῶν ψυχῶν ἡμῶν θεραπεύων διὰ τοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ λόγου θεοῦ αὐτὸς πάσης κακίας ἀπαράδεκτος ἦν. Εἰ δὲ καὶ σῶμα θνητὸν καὶ ψυχὴν ἀνθρωπίνην ἀναλαβὼν ὁ ἀθάνατος θεὸς λόγος δοκεῖ τῷ Κέλσῳ ἀλλάττεσθαι καὶ μεταπλάττεσθαι, μανθανέτω ὅτι "ὁ λόγος" τῇ οὐσίᾳ μένων λόγος οὐδὲν μὲν πάσχει ὧν πάσχει τὸ σῶμα ἢ ἡ ψυχή, συγκαταβαίνων δ' ἔσθ' ὅτε τῷ μὴ δυναμένῳ αὐτοῦ τὰς μαρμαρυγὰς καὶ τὴν λαμπρότητα τῆς θειότητος βλέπειν οἱονεὶ "σὰρξ" γίνεται, σωματικῶς λαλούμενος, ἕως ὁ τοιοῦτον αὐτὸν παραδεξάμενος κατὰ βραχὺ ὑπὸ τοῦ λόγου μετεωριζόμενος δυνηθῇ αὐτοῦ καὶ τήν, ἵν' οὕτως ὀνομάσω, προηγουμένην μορφὴν θεάσασθαι.