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has its attention on those things which perception does not reach (I speak of the divine and ineffable nature, in which it is bold even to grasp something readily with the mind, and bolder still to entrust to ordinary words the interpretation of the conception that arises in us) then, bidding farewell to the sound in the words, whether announced in one way or another according to the ability of the speakers, we examine only the thought that is made manifest in the words, whether it is sound or otherwise, having yielded these verbal or nominal precisions 2.1.577 to the arts of the grammarians. Since, therefore, we signify only known things by nominal designation, and it is not possible to define by any signifying appellations things that are beyond knowledge (for how could one signify the unknown?), for this reason, since no fitting appellation for them is found, which would adequately represent the subject, we strive with many and various names, as far as possible, to uncover the notion of the divine that has arisen 2.1.578 in us. But indeed the things that come under our comprehension are of such a kind, that beings are always contemplated either in some dimensional extension or provide the notion of a local space, in which each individual thing is comprehended to exist, or by the limitation according to beginning and end it comes within our view, being equally defined at either limit by non-being (for everything that has a beginning and an end of its being begins from non-being and ends in non-being), or last of all we comprehend the phenomenon through the corporeal composition of qualities, to which corruption and passion and change and 2.1.579 alteration and such things are conjoined. Therefore, so that the transcendent nature might seem to have no affinity with things below, we have used concepts and words of separation from such things concerning the divine nature, calling that which is above the ages "pre-eternal" and that which is beyond beginning "without beginning" and that which is not completed "endless" and that which has its substance without a body "incorporeal" and that which does not corrupt "incorruptible" and that which is not subject to change or passion or alteration "impassible" and "immutable" and "unalterable." 2.1.580 But let those who wish treat such names with technical rules as they please and apply other names to these names, calling them 20privative or negative20 or whatever they please, but we, having yielded the teaching or learning of such things to the ambitious, let us examine only the meaning, whether it is within or separate from a pious and God-befitting conception. 2.1.581 If, then, either God did not exist before or will not exist at some point, he could not properly be called either endless or without beginning; and likewise neither unalterable nor incorporeal nor incorruptible, if one were to suppose concerning him either body or corruption or alteration or any such thing. But if it is not pious to conceive any of these things concerning him, it would be altogether pious to use for him words that separate from what is unsuitable and to say these things which we have already said many times, incorruptible and endless and unbegotten and whatever is of such a kind, since the significance inherent in each of these names teaches only separation from things ready for our comprehension, not interpreting the nature itself which is separate from what is unsuitable. 2.1.582 For while the meaning of these names indicates what the divine is not, what that is in its nature which is not these things remains unknown. But also the other names, whose meaning is indicative of some affirmation and existence, have their indication not of the divine nature itself, but of those things piously contemplated concerning it. 2.1.583 For having understood that none of the beings, both visible and intelligible, has some spontaneous and random constitution, but everything, whatever is comprehended among beings, depends on the nature which transcends all beings and from there has the cause of its existence, and the beauty and the magnitude of the wonders in creation

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νοια τὴν σπουδὴν ἔχῃ, ὧν οὐκ ἐφικνεῖται ἡ αἴσθησις (λέγω δὲ περὶ τῆς θείας καὶ ἀφράστου φύσεως, ἐν οἷς τολμηρὸν μὲν καὶ τὸ προχείρως τι τῇ διανοίᾳ λαβεῖν, τολμηρότερον δὲ τὸ ταῖς ἐπιτυχούσαις ἐπιτρέπειν φωναῖς τὴν τῆς ἐγγι νομένης ἡμῖν ὑπολήψεως ἑρμηνείαν) τότε χαίρειν ἐάσαντες τὸν ἐν τοῖς ῥήμασιν ἦχον, οὕτως ἢ ἑτέρως κατὰ τὴν δύ ναμιν τῶν φθεγγομένων ἐξαγγελλόμενον, μόνην ἐξετάζομεν τὴν διάνοιαν τὴν ἐμφαινομένην τοῖς ῥήμασιν, εἴτε ὑγιῶς εἴτε ἄλλως ἔχει, τὰς ῥηματικὰς ταύτας ἢ ὀνοματικὰς ἀκρι 2.1.577 βολογίας γραμματιστῶν τέχναις παραχωρήσαντες. ἐπειδὴ τοίνυν μόνα τὰ γινωσκόμενα διὰ τῆς ὀνοματικῆς σημειού μεθα κλήσεως, τὰ δὲ ὑπὲρ τὴν γνῶσιν ὄντα σημειωτικαῖς τισι προσηγορίαις διαλαμβάνειν οὐχ οἷόν τε (πῶς γὰρ ἄν τις τὸ ἀγνοούμενον σημειώσαιτο;) διὰ τοῦτο οὐδεμιᾶς ἐπ' αὐτῶν προσφυοῦς εὑρισκομένης προσηγορίας, ἣ τὸ ὑποκεί μενον ἱκανῶς παραστήσει, πολλοῖς καὶ διαφόροις ὀνόμασιν, ὅπως ἂν ᾖ δυνατόν, ἀνακαλύψαι βιαζόμεθα τὴν ἐγγενομένην 2.1.578 ἡμῖν περὶ τοῦ θείου ὑπόνοιαν. ἀλλὰ μὴν τὰ ὑπὸ κατά ληψιν ἡμετέραν ἐρχόμενα τοιαῦτά ἐστιν, ὥστε πάντως ἢ ἐν διαστηματικῇ τινι παρατάσει θεωρεῖσθαι τὰ ὄντα ἢ τοπι κοῦ χωρήματος παρέχειν τὴν ἔννοιαν, ἐν ᾧ τὰ καθ' ἕκαστον εἶναι καταλαμβάνεται, ἢ τῇ κατὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν καὶ τὸ τέλος περιγραφῇ ἐντὸς γίνεται τῆς ἡμετέρας ἐπόψεως, ἐπίσης καθ' ἑκάτερον πέρας τῷ μὴ ὄντι περιγραφόμενα (πᾶν γὰρ τὸ ἀρχήν τε καὶ τελευτὴν ἔχον τοῦ εἶναι ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος ἄρχεται καὶ εἰς τὸ μὴ ὂν καταλήγει), ἢ τὸ πάντων ἔσχατον διὰ τῆς σωματικῆς τῶν ποιοτήτων συνθήκης καταλαμβά νομεν τὸ φαινόμενον, ᾗ φθορὰ καὶ πάθος καὶ τροπὴ καὶ 2.1.579 ἀλλοίωσις καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα συνέζευκται. διὰ τοῦτο ὡς ἂν μηδεμίαν οἰκειότητα πρὸς τὰ κάτω πράγματα ἡ ὑπερκει μένη φύσις ἔχειν δοκοίη, τοῖς ἀποχωριστικοῖς τῶν τοιούτων νοήμασί τε καὶ ῥήμασιν ἐπὶ τῆς θείας κεχρήμεθα φύσεως, τὸ ὑπεράνω τῶν αἰώνων προαιώνιον λέγοντες καὶ τὸ ὑπὲρ ἀρχὴν ἄναρχον καὶ τὸ μὴ τελειούμενον ἀτελεύτητον ἀσώ ματόν τε τὸ χωρὶς σώματος τὴν ὑπόστασιν ἔχον καὶ τὸ μὴ φθειρόμενον ἄφθαρτον καὶ τὸ τροπῆς ἢ πάθους ἢ ἀλλοιώσεως ἀνεπίδεκτον ἀπαθὲς καὶ ἄτρεπτον καὶ ἀναλ 2.1.580 λοίωτον. τὰ δὲ τοιαῦτα τῶν ὀνομάτων τεχνολογούντων μὲν ὡς ἂν ᾖ φίλον αὐτοῖς οἱ βουλόμενοι καὶ ὀνόματα ἄλλα τοῖς ὀνόμασι τούτοις ἐφαρμοζόντων, 20στερητικὰ ἢ ἀφαι ρετικὰ20 ἢ ὅ τι φίλον αὐτοῖς ὀνομάζοντες, ἡμεῖς δὲ τοῦ διδάσκειν ἢ μανθάνειν τὰ τοιαῦτα τοῖς φιλοτίμοις παραχω ρήσαντες μόνον τὸν νοῦν ἐξετάσωμεν, εἰ τῆς εὐσεβοῦς τε καὶ θεοπρεποῦς ὑπολήψεως ἐντός ἐστιν ἢ κεχώρισται. 2.1.581 Εἰ μὲν οὖν ἢ οὐκ ἦν πρότερον ὁ θεὸς ἢ οὐκ ἔσται ποτέ, οὐκ ἂν κυρίως οὔτε ἀτελεύτητος οὔτε ἄναρχος λέ γοιτο· ὡσαύτως δὲ οὔτε ἀναλλοίωτος οὔτε ἀσώματος οὔτε ἄφθαρτος, εἴπερ ὑπονοοῖτο περὶ αὐτὸν ἢ σῶμα ἢ φθορὰ ἢ ἀλλοίωσις ἤ τι τοιοῦτον. εἰ δὲ τούτων εὐαγές ἐστιν οὐδὲν περὶ αὐτὸν ἐννοεῖν, εὐσεβὲς ἂν εἴη πάντως τοῖς χωριστικοῖς τῶν ἀπεμφαινόντων ῥήμασιν ἐπ' αὐτοῦ κεχρῆσθαι καὶ λέ γειν ταῦτα ἃ ἤδη πολλάκις εἰρήκαμεν, ἄφθαρτόν τε καὶ ἀτελεύτητον καὶ ἀγέννητον καὶ ὅσα τοῦ τοιούτου εἴδους ἐστί, τῆς ἐγκειμένης ἑκάστῳ τούτων τῶν ὀνομάτων ἐμφά σεως μόνον τὸν χωρισμὸν τῶν ἡμῖν προχείρων εἰς κατα νόησιν διδασκούσης, οὐκ αὐτὴν τὴν φύσιν τὴν τῶν ἀπεμφαι 2.1.582 νόντων κεχωρισμένην ἑρμηνευούσης. τί γὰρ οὐκ ἔστι τὸ θεῖον τῆς τῶν ὀνομάτων τούτων σημασίας προδεικνυούσης, τί ἐστιν ἐκεῖνο κατὰ τὴν φύσιν ὃ ταῦτα οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἀδήλῳ μένει. ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν ὀνομάτων, ὧν ἡ σημασία θέσεώς τινός ἐστιν ἐνδεικτικὴ καὶ ὑπάρξεως, οὐκ αὐτῆς τῆς θείας φύσεως, ἀλλὰ τῶν περὶ αὐτὴν εὐσεβῶς θεωρου 2.1.583 μένων τὴν ἔνδειξιν ἔχει. νοήσαντες γὰρ ὅτι οὐδὲν τῶν ὄντων τῶν τε φαινομένων καὶ τῶν νοουμένων αὐτόματόν τινα καὶ τυχαίαν ἔχει τὴν σύστασιν, ἀλλὰ πᾶν, ὅτιπερ ἐν τοῖς οὖσι καταλαμβάνεται, τῆς πάντων τῶν ὄντων ὑπερκειμένης φύσεως ἐξῆπται κἀκεῖθεν τὴν αἰτίαν τῆς ὑπάρξεως ἔχει, τό τε κάλλος καὶ τὸ μέγεθος τῶν ἐν τῇ κτίσει θαυμάτων