Origen of Alexandria, Against Celsus

But I do not understand how he can imagine the overturning of the tower (of Babel) to have happened with a similar object to that of the deluge, which effected a purification of the earth, according to the accounts both of Jews and Christians. For, in order that the narrative contained in Genesis respecting the tower may be held to convey no secret meaning, but, as Celsus supposes, may be taken as true to the letter,689 σαφής. the event does not on such a view appear to have taken place for the purpose of purifying the earth; unless, indeed, he imagines that the so-called confusion of tongues is such a purificatory process. But on this point, he who has the opportunity will treat more seasonably when his object is to show not only what is the meaning of the narrative in its historical connection, but what metaphorical meaning may be deduced from it.690 ᾽Επὰν τὸ προκείμενον ᾖ παραστῆσαι καὶ τὰ τῆς κατὰ τὸν τόπον ἱσνορίας τίνα ἔχοι λόγον, καὶ τὰ τῆς περὶ αὐτοῦ ἀναγωγῆς. Seeing that he imagines, however, that Moses, who wrote the account of the tower, and the confusion of tongues, has perverted the story of the sons of Aloeus,691 Otus and Ephialtes. Cf. Smith’s Dict. of Myth. and Biog., s.v. and referred it to the tower, we must remark that I do not think any one prior to the time of Homer692 Cf. Hom., Odyss., xi. 305. has mentioned the sons of Aloeus, while I am persuaded that what is related about the tower has been recorded by Moses as being much older not only than Homer, but even than the invention of letters among the Greeks. Who, then, are the perverters of each other’s narratives? Whether do they who relate the story of the Aloadæ pervert the history of the time, or he who wrote the account of the tower and the confusion of tongues the story of the Aloadæ? Now to impartial hearers Moses appears to be more ancient than Homer. The destruction by fire, moreover, of Sodom and Gomorrah on account of their sins, related by Moses in Genesis, is compared by Celsus to the story of Phæthon,—all these statements of his resulting from one blunder, viz., his not attending to the (greater) antiquity of Moses.693 [Demonstrated by Justin, vol. i. pp. 277, 278, this series.] For they who relate the story of Phæthon seem to be younger even than Homer, who, again, is much younger than Moses. We do not deny, then, that the purificatory fire and the destruction of the world took place in order that evil might be swept away, and all things be renewed; for we assert that we have learned these things from the sacred books of the prophets. But since, as we have said in the preceding pages, the prophets, in uttering many predictions regarding future events, show that they have spoken the truth concerning many things that are past, and thus give evidence of the indwelling of the Divine Spirit, it is manifest that, with respect to things still future, we should repose faith in them, or rather in the Divine Spirit that is in them.

Οὐκ οἶδα δ' ὅπως παραπλησίως τῷ κατακλυσμῷ καθήραντι τὴν γῆν, ὡς ὁ Ἰουδαίων καὶ Χριστιανῶν βούλεται λόγος, οἴεται καὶ τὴν τοῦ πύργου κατάρριψιν γεγονέναι. Ἵνα γὰρ μηδὲν αἰνίσσηται ἡ κατὰ τὸν πύργον ἱστορία κειμένη ἐν τῇ Γενέσει ἀλλ' ὡς οἴεται Κέλσος, σαφὴς τυγχάνῃ, οὐ δ' οὕτως φαίνεται ἐπὶ καθαρσίῳ τῆς γῆς τοῦτο συμβεβηκέναι· εἰ μὴ ἄρα καθάρσιον τῆς γῆς οἴεται τὴν καλουμένην τῶν γλωσσῶν "σύγχυσιν"· περὶ ἧς ὁ δυνάμενος εὐκαιρότερον διηγήσεται, ἐπὰν τὸ προκείμενον ᾖ παραστῆσαι καὶ τὰ τῆς κατὰ τὸν τόπον ἱστορίας, τίνα ἔχοι λόγον, καὶ τὰ τῆς περὶ αὐτοῦ ἀναγωγῆς. Ἐπεὶ δ' οἴεται Μωϋσέα, τὸν ἀναγράψαντα τὰ περὶ τοῦ πύργου καὶ τῆς τῶν διαλέκτων συγχύσεως, παραφθείροντα τὰ περὶ τῶν Ἀλωέως υἱῶν ἱστορούμενα τοιαῦτα περὶ τοῦ πύργου ἀναγεγραφέναι, λεκτέον ὅτι τὰ μὲν περὶ τῶν Ἀλωέως υἱῶν οὐκ οἶμαι πρὸ Ὁμήρου τινὰ εἰρηκέναι, τὰ δὲ περὶ τοῦ πύργου, πολλῷ πρεσβύτερα Ὁμήρου ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς τῶν ἑλληνικῶν γραμ μάτων εὑρέσεως ὄντα, τὸν Μωϋσέα ἀναγεγραφέναι πείθομαι. Τίνες οὖν μᾶλλον τὰ τίνων παραφθείρουσιν; Ἆρα τὰ περὶ τοῦ πύργου οἱ περὶ Ἀλωέως υἱῶν ἱστοροῦντες, ἢ τὰ τῶν Ἀλωειδῶν ὁ τὰ περὶ τοῦ πύργου καὶ τῆς συγχύσεως τῶν διαλέκτων γράψας; Ἀλλὰ φαίνεται τοῖς ἀδεκάστοις ἀκροα ταῖς ἀρχαιότερος Μωϋσῆς ὢν Ὁμήρου. Καὶ τὰ περὶ Σοδόμων δὲ καὶ Γομόρρων ὑπὸ Μωϋσέως ἱστορούμενα ἐν τῇ Γενέσει, ὡς διὰ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν πυρὶ ἐξαφανισθέντων, παραβάλλει ὁ Κέλσος τῇ κατὰ τὸν Φαέθοντα ἱστορίᾳ, ἑνὶ σφάλματι, τῷ περὶ τοῦ μὴ τετηρηκέναι τὰ τῆς Μωϋσέως ἀρχαιότητος, ἀκολούθως πάντα ποιήσας. Οἱ γὰρ τὰ περὶ Φαέθοντος ἱστοροῦντες ἐοίκασι καὶ Ὁμήρου νεώτεροι, τοῦ πολλῷ Μωϋσέως νεωτέρου. Οὐκ ἀρνούμεθα οὖν τὸ καθάρσιον πῦρ καὶ τὴν τοῦ κόσμου φθορὰν ἐπὶ καθαιρέσει τῆς κακίας καὶ ἀνακαινώσει τοῦ παντός, λέγοντες παρὰ τῶν προφητῶν ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν βιβλίων μεμαθηκέναι. Ἐπὰν μέντοι, ὡς ἐν τοῖς ἀνωτέρω εἰρήκαμεν, πολλὰ περὶ μελλόντων οἱ προφῆται λέγοντες ἀποδεικνύωνται περὶ πολλῶν παρεληλυ θότων ἠληθευκέναι καὶ δεῖγμα διδόναι τοῦ θεῖον πνεῦμα ἐν αὐτοῖς γεγονέναι, δῆλον ὅτι καὶ περὶ τῶν μελλόντων πιστευτέον αὐτοῖς, μᾶλλον δὲ τῷ ἐν αὐτοῖς θείῳ πνεύματι.