Chapter XXXIII.

Immediately after this, Celsus, assailing the contents of the first book of Moses, which is entitled “Genesis,” asserts that “the Jews accordingly endeavoured to derive their origin from the first race of jugglers and deceivers,758    ἀπὸ πρώτης σπορᾶς γοήτων καὶ πλάνων ἀνθρώπων. appealing to the testimony of dark and ambiguous words, whose meaning was veiled in obscurity, and which they misinterpreted759    παρεξηούμενοι. to the unlearned and ignorant, and that, too, when such a point had never been called in question during the long preceding period.”  Now Celsus appears to me in these words to have expressed very obscurely the meaning which he intended to convey.  It is probable, indeed, that his obscurity on this subject is intentional, inasmuch as he saw the strength of the argument which establishes the descent of the Jews from their ancestors; while again, on the other hand, he wished not to appear ignorant that the question regarding the Jews and their descent was one that could not be lightly disposed of.  It is certain, however, that the Jews trace their genealogy back to the three fathers, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.  And the names of these individuals possess such efficacy, when united with the name of God, that not only do those belonging to the nation employ in their prayers to God, and in the exorcising of demons, the words, “God of Abraham,760    [This formula he regards as an adumbration of the Triad (see our vol. ii. p. 101):  thus, “the God of Abraham” = Fatherhood; “of Isaac” = Sonship; “of Jacob” = Wisdom, and the Founder of the New Israel.] and God of Isaac, and God of Jacob,” but so also do almost all those who occupy themselves with incantations and magical rites.  For there is found in treatises on magic in many countries such an invocation of God, and assumption of the divine name, as implies a familiar use of it by these men in their dealings with demons.  These facts, then—adduced by Jews and Christians to prove the sacred character of Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, the fathers of the Jewish race—appear to me not to have been altogether unknown to Celsus, but not to have been distinctly set forth by him, because he was unable to answer the argument which might be founded on them.

Ἑξῆς δὲ τούτοις ὁ Κέλσος ἐπιτρέχων τὰ ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης βίβλου Μωϋσέως, ἥτις ἐπιγέγραπται Γένεσις, φησὶν ἀναισχύντως ἄρα ἐπεχείρησαν γενεαλογεῖν αὑτοὺς ἀπὸ πρώτης σπορᾶς γοήτων καὶ πλάνων ἀνθρώπων, ἀμυδρὰς καὶ ἀμφιβόλους φωνὰς ἐν σκότῳ που κρυφίους ἐπιμαρτυρό μενοι καὶ τοῖς ἀμαθέσι καὶ ἀνοήτοις παρεξηγούμενοι, καὶ ταῦτα μηδὲ πώποτ' ἐν πολλῷ τῷ πρόσθεν χρόνῳ τοῦ τοιοῦδε μηδ' ἀμφισβητηθέντος. Πάνυ δ' ἀσαφῶς ἐν τούτοις δοκεῖ μοι εἰρηκέναι ὅπερ ἐβούλετο. Εἰκὸς δὲ καὶ τὴν κατὰ τὸν τόπον ἀσάφειαν ἐπιτετηδευκέναι αὐτόν, ἐπείπερ ἑώρα ἰσχυρὸν τὸν λόγον τὸν κατασκευάζοντα ἀπὸ τοιωνδὶ προγόνων εἶναι τὸ Ἰουδαίων ἔθνος· πάλιν τ' αὖ ἐβουλήθη μὴ δοκεῖν ἀγνοεῖν πρᾶγμα περὶ Ἰουδαίων καὶ τοῦ γένους αὐτῶν οὐκ εὐκαταφρόνητον. Σαφὲς δὴ ὅτι καὶ γενεαλογοῦνται Ἰουδαῖοι ἀπὸ τῶν τριῶν πατέρων τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ καὶ τοῦ Ἰσαὰκ καὶ τοῦ Ἰακώβ· ὧν τοσοῦτον δύναται τὰ ὀνόματα συναπτόμενα τῇ τοῦ θεοῦ προσηγορίᾳ, ὡς οὐ μόνον τοὺς ἀπὸ τοῦ ἔθνους χρῆσθαι ἐν ταῖς πρὸς θεὸν εὐχαῖς καὶ ἐν τῷ κατεπᾴδειν δαίμονας τῷ ὁ θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ καὶ ὁ θεὸς Ἰσαὰκ καὶ ὁ θεὸς Ἰακὼβ ἀλλὰ γὰρ σχεδὸν καὶ πάντας τοὺς τὰ τῶν ἐπῳδῶν καὶ μαγειῶν πραγματευομένους. Εὑρίσκεται γὰρ ἐν τοῖς μαγικοῖς συγγράμμασι πολλαχοῦ ἡ τοιαύτη τοῦ θεοῦ ἐπίκλησις καὶ παράληψις τοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ ὀνόματος ὡς οἰκείου τοῖς ἀνδράσι τούτοις εἰς τὰ κατὰ τῶν δαιμόνων. Ταῦτ' οὖν δοκεῖ μοι, ὑπὸ Ἰουδαίων καὶ Χριστιανῶν προσαγόμενα εἰς ἀπόδειξιν τοῦ ἱερούς τινας ἄνδρας γεγονέναι τὸν Ἀβραὰμ καὶ τὸν Ἰσαὰκ καὶ τὸν Ἰακώβ, τοὺς πατέρας τοῦ Ἰουδαίωνἔθνους, μὴ πάντῃ μὲν ἠγνοηκέναι ὁ Κέλσος οὐ μὴν σαφῶς ἐκτεθεῖσθαι, ἐπεὶ μὴ ἐδύνατο ἀπαντῆσαι πρὸς τὸν λόγον.