Chapter XLVIII.

In the next place, as if he had devoted himself solely to the manifestation of his hatred and dislike of the Jewish and Christian doctrine, he says:  “The more modest of Jewish and Christian writers give all these things an allegorical meaning;” and, “Because they are ashamed of these things, they take refuge in allegory.”  Now one might say to him, that if we must admit fables and fictions, whether written with a concealed meaning or with any other object, to be shameful narratives when taken in their literal acceptation,839    κατὰ τὴν πρώτην ἐκδοχήν. of what histories can this be said more truly than of the Grecian?  In these histories, gods who are sons castrate the gods who are their fathers, and gods who are parents devour their own children, and a goddess-mother gives to the “father of gods and men” a stone to swallow instead of his own son, and a father has intercourse with his daughter, and a wife binds her own husband, having as her allies in the work the brother of the fettered god and his own daughter!  But why should I enumerate these absurd stories of the Greeks regarding their gods, which are most shameful in themselves, even though invested with an allegorical meaning?  (Take the instance) where Chrysippus of Soli, who is considered to be an ornament of the Stoic sect, on account of his numerous and learned treatises, explains a picture at Samos, in which Juno was represented as committing unspeakable abominations with Jupiter.  This reverend philosopher says in his treatises, that matter receives the spermatic words840    τοὺς σπερματικοὺς λόγους. of the god, and retains them within herself, in order to ornament the universe.  For in the picture at Samos Juno represents matter, and Jupiter god.  Now it is on account of these, and of countless other similar fables, that we would not even in word call the God of all things Jupiter, or the sun Apollo, or the moon Diana.  But we offer to the Creator a worship which is pure, and speak with religious respect of His noble works of creation, not contaminating even in word the things of God; approving of the language of Plato in the Philebus, who would not admit that pleasure was a goddess, “so great is my reverence, Protarchus,” he says, “for the very names of the gods.”  We verily entertain such reverence for the name of God, and for His noble works of creation, that we would not, even under pretext of an allegorical meaning, admit any fable which might do injury to the young.

Εἶτα ὡς εἰς τὸ μισεῖν μόνον καὶ ἀπεχθάνεσθαι τῷ κατ' Ἰουδαίους καὶ Χριστιανοὺς λόγῳ ἑαυτὸν ἐπιδεδωκώς, φησὶν ὅτι καὶ Ἰουδαίων καὶ Χριστιανῶν οἱ ἐπιεικέστεροι ταῦτ' ἀλληγοροῦσι· λέγει δὲ αἰσχυνομένους ἐπὶ τούτοις καταφεύγειν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀλληγορίαν. Εἴποι δ' ἄν τις πρὸς αὐτὸν ὅτι, εἴπερ αἰσχύνης ἄξια τὰ κατὰ τὴν πρώτην ἐκδοχὴν χρὴ λέγειν μύθων καὶ ἀναπλασμάτων, εἴτε δι' ὑπονοίας γεγραμ μένων εἴτε ἄλλως ὁπωσοῦν· ἐπὶ τίνων τοῦτο ἢ ἐπὶ τῶν ἑλληνικῶν χρὴ λέγειν ἱστοριῶν; Ἐν αἷς υἱοὶ θεοὶ πατέρας θεοὺς ἐκτέμνουσι καὶ πατέρες θεοὶ υἱοὺς θεοὺς καταπίνουσι, καὶ θεὰ μήτηρ ἀντιδίδωσιν υἱοῦ τῷ πατρὶ "ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε" λίθον, καὶ πατὴρ θυγατρὶ μίγνυται, καὶ γυνὴ καταδεῖ τὸν ἄνδρα, συνεργοὺς εἰς τοὺς δεσμοὺς παραλαμ βάνουσα τὸν ἀδελφὸν τοῦ καταδουμένου καὶ τὴν θυγατέρα αὐτοῦ. Καὶ τί με δεῖ καταλέγειν τὰς περὶ θεῶν ἀτόπους Ἑλλήνων ἱστορίας, αἰσχύνης αὐτόθεν ἀξίας καὶ ἀλληγορου μένας; Ὅπου γε ὁ Σολεὺς Χρύσιππος, ὁ τὴν Στοὰν τῶν φιλοσόφων πολλοῖς συγγράμμασι συνετοῖς κεκοσμηκέναι νομιζόμενος, παρερμηνεύει γραφὴν τὴν ἐν Σάμῳ, ἐν ᾗ ἀρρητοποιοῦσα ἡ Ἥρα τὸν ∆ία ἐγέγραπτο. Λέγει γὰρ ἐν τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ συγγράμμασιν ὁ σεμνὸς φιλόσοφος ὅτι τοὺς σπερματικοὺς λόγους τοῦ θεοῦ ἡ ὕλη παραδεξαμένη ἔχει ἐν ἑαυτῇ εἰς κατακόσμησιν τῶν ὅλων. Ὕλη γὰρ ἡ ἐν τῇ κατὰ τὴν Σάμον γραφῇ ἡ Ἥρα καὶ ὁ θεὸς ὁ Ζεύς. Καὶ διὰ ταῦτα δὴ ἡμεῖς καὶ διὰ τοὺς τοιούτους μύθους καὶ ἄλλους μυρίους οὐδὲ μέχρι ὀνόματος θέλομεν ∆ία καλεῖν τὸν ἐπὶ πᾶσι θεὸν οὐδ' Ἀπόλλωνα τὸν ἥλιον οὐδ' Ἄρτεμιν τὴν σελήνην· ἀλλὰ καθαρὰν εὐσέβειαν εἰς τὸν δημιουργὸν ἀσκοῦντες καὶ τὰ καλὰ αὐτοῦ δημιουργήματα εὐφημοῦντες οὐδὲ μέχρι ὀνόματος χραίνομεν τὰ θεῖα, ἀποδεχόμενοι τοῦ Πλάτωνος τὸν ἐν Φιλήβῳ λόγον, μὴ βουληθέντος τὴν ἡδονὴν παραδέ ξασθαι θεόν. "Τὸ γὰρ ἐμόν", φησί, "δέος, ὦ Πρώταρχε, περὶ τὰ τῶν θεῶν ὀνόματα τοιόνδε ἐστίν". Ἡμεῖς οὖν ἀληθῶς ἔχομεν "δέος" περὶ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τῶν καλῶν αὐτοῦ δημιουργημάτων, ὡς μηδὲ προφάσει τροπο λογίας μῦθόν τινα παραδέξασθαι ἐπὶ βλάβῃ τῶν νέων.