286

15.25.1 25. CONCERNING THE SHAPE OF THE SUN Anaximenes, flat like a leaf. 15.25.2 Heraclitus, bowl-shaped, convex. 15.25.3 The Stoics, spherical like the cosmos and the stars. 15.25.4 Epicurus, that all the aforementioned are possible.” Such for them is the sun, the great god of the phenomena in the heavens. But Moses and the Hebrew oracles do not concern themselves with any of these things.

15.26.1 26. CONCERNING THE MOON "Anaximander, that it is a circle nineteen times the size of the earth, like that of the sun, full of fire, but that it is eclipsed according to the turnings of the wheel; and that it is like a chariot wheel having a hollow rim and full of fire, having one vent. 15.26.2 Xenophanes, that it is a compressed cloud. 15.26.3 The Stoics, a mixture of fire and air. 15.26.4 Plato, mostly of the earthy element. 15.26.5 Anaxagoras, Democritus, a fiery solid, having in itself plains and mountains and ravines. 15.26.6 Heraclitus, earth surrounded by mist. 15.26.7 Pythagoras, according to the fiery form.

15.27.1 27. CONCERNING THE SIZE OF THE MOON

The Stoics declare it to be larger than the earth, as also the sun. 15.27.2 Parmenides, equal to the sun; for it is also illuminated by it.

15.28.1 28. CONCERNING THE SHAPE OF THE MOON

The Stoics, that it is spherical like the sun. Heraclitus, bowl-shaped. Empedocles, disk-shaped. Others, cylinder-shaped.

29. CONCERNING THE ILLUMINATION OF THE MOON

Anaximander, that it has its own light, but somehow more rarefied. 15.29.2 Antiphon, that the moon shines with its own light; but the part of it that is hidden is obscured by the incidence of the sun, as it is the nature of the stronger fire to dim the weaker; which indeed also happens with the other stars. 15.29.3 Thales and those after him, that the moon is illuminated by the sun. 15.29.4 Heraclitus, that the sun and the moon have undergone the same thing; for the stars, being bowl-shaped in their forms, receiving the emanations from the moist exhalation, are illuminated to our sight; the sun more brightly, for it is carried in a purer air, but the moon in a murkier one, and for this reason it also appears dimmer.

15.30.1 30. WHAT IS THE SUBSTANCE OF THE PLANETARY AND FIXED STARS

Thales, that the stars are earthy, but fiery. 15.30.2 Empedocles, fiery, from the fiery element, which the air, containing it within itself, squeezed out during the first separation.

286

15.25.1 κεʹ. ΠΕΡΙ ΣΧΗΜΑΤΟΣ ΗΛΙΟΥ Ἀναξιμένης πλατὺν ὡς πέταλον. 15.25.2 Ἡράκλειτος σκαφοειδῆ, ὑπόκυρτον. 15.25.3 Οἱ Στωϊκοὶ σφαιροειδῆ ὡς τὸν κόσμον καὶ τὰ ἄστρα. 15.25.4 Ἐπίκουρος ἐνδέχεσθαι τὰ προειρημένα πάντα.» Τοιοῦτος μὲν αὐτοῖς ὁ μέγας τῶν κατ' οὐρανὸν φαινομένων θεὸς ἥλιος. Μωσῆς δὲ καὶ τὰ Ἑβραίων λόγια οὐδὲν τούτων περιεργάζονται.

15.26.1 κʹ. ΠΕΡΙ ΣΕΛΗΝΗΣ «Ἀναξίμανδρος κύκλον εἶναι ἐννεακαιδεκαπλασίονα τῆς γῆς, ὡς ἐπὶ τοῦ ἡλίου πλήρη πυρός, ἐκλείπειν δὲ κατὰ τὰς ἐπιστροφὰς τοῦ τροχοῦ· ὅμοιον δὲ εἶναι ἁρματείῳ τροχῷ κοίλην ἔχοντι τὴν ἁψῖδα καὶ πυρὸς πλήρη, ἔχοντα μίαν ἐκπνοήν. 15.26.2 Ξενοφάνης νέφος εἶναι πεπιλημένον. 15.26.3 Οἱ Στωϊκοὶ μικτὸν ἐκ πυρὸς καὶ ἀέρος. 15.26.4 Πλάτων ἐκ πλείονος τοῦ γεώδους. 15.26.5 Ἀναξαγόρας, ∆ημόκριτος στερέωμα διάπυρον, ἔχον ἐν ἑαυτῷ πεδία καὶ ὄρη καὶ φάραγγας. 15.26.6 Ἡράκλειτος γῆν ὁμίχλῃ περιεχομένην. 15.26.7 Πυθαγόρας κατὰ τὸ πυροειδὲς σχῆμα.

15.27.1 κζʹ. ΠΕΡΙ ΜΕΓΕΘΟΥΣ ΣΕΛΗΝΗΣ

Οἱ Στωϊκοὶ μείζονα τῆς γῆς ἀποφαίνονται, ὡς καὶ τὸν ἥλιον. 15.27.2 Παρμενίδης ἴσον τῷ ἡλίῳ· καὶ γὰρ ἀπ' αὐτοῦ φωτίζεσθαι.

15.28.1 κηʹ. ΠΕΡΙ ΣΧΗΜΑΤΟΣ ΣΕΛΗΝΗΣ

Οἱ Στωϊκοὶ σφαιροειδῆ εἶναι ὡς τὸν ἥλιον. Ἡράκλειτος σκαφοειδῆ. Ἐμπεδοκλῆς δισκοειδῆ. ἄλλοι κυλινδροειδῆ.

κθʹ. ΠΕΡΙ ΦΩΤΙΣΜΩΝ ΣΕΛΗΝΗΣ

Ἀναξίμανδρος ἴδιον αὐτὴν ἔχειν φῶς, ἀραιότερον δέ πως. 15.29.2 Ἀντιφῶν ἰδίῳ φέγγει λάμπειν τὴν σελήνην· τὸ δ' ὑποκρυπτόμενον περὶ αὐτὴν ἀπὸ τῆς προσβολῆς τοῦ ἡλίου ἀμαυροῦσθαι, πεφυκότος τοῦ ἰσχυροτέρου πυρὸς τὸ ἀσθενέστερον ἀμαυροῦν· ὃ δὴ συμβαίνει καὶ περὶ τὰ ἄλλα ἄστρα. 15.29.3 Θαλῆς καὶ οἱ ἀπ' αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου φωτίζεσθαι τὴν σελήνην. 15.29.4 Ἡράκλειτος τὸ αὐτὸ πεπονθέναι τὸν ἥλιον καὶ τὴν σελήνην· σκαφοειδεῖς γὰρ ὄντας τοῖς σχήμασι τοὺς ἀστέρας, δεχομένους τὰ ἀπὸ τῆς ὑγρᾶς ἀναθυμιάσεως φωτίζεσθαι πρὸς τὴν φαντασίαν· λαμπρότερον μὲν τὸν ἥλιον, ἐν καθαρωτέρῳ γὰρ ἀέρι φέρεσθαι, τὴν δὲ σελήνην ἐν θολερῷ, διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἀμαυροτέραν φαίνεσθαι.

15.30.1 λʹ. ΤΙΣ Η ΟΥΣΙΑ ΤΩΝ ΑΣΤΡΩΝ ΠΛΑΝΗΤΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΑΠΛΑΝΩΝ

Θαλῆς γεώδη μέν, ἔμπυρα δὲ τὰ ἄστρα. 15.30.2 Ἐμπεδοκλῆς πύρινα, ἐκ τοῦ πυρώδους, ὅπερ ὁ ἀὴρ ἐν ἑαυτῷ περιέχων ἐξανέθλιψε κατὰ τὴν πρώτην διάκρισιν.