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Matter is the underlying subject of generation and corruption and the other changes. 15.44.2 The followers of Thales and Pythagoras and the Stoics: that matter is wholly and through and through convertible, alterable, and in flux. 15.44.3 The followers of Democritus: the primary things are impassive, the atom and the incorporeal void. 15.44.4 Aristotle and Plato: that matter is corporeal-like, formless, without figure, without shape, without quality in so far as its own nature is concerned, but that it becomes a receptacle of the forms, like a nurse and a mold and a mother. but those who say that matter is water or fire or air or earth, no longer say that it is formless, but a body; but those who posit the indivisible parts and the atoms, formless.

15.45.1 45. ON IDEA And an Idea is an incorporeal substance, itself subsisting on its own and by itself, but giving form to formless matter and becoming the cause of their appearance. 15.45.2 Socrates and Plato: the manifestations separate from matter, but the ideas in the thoughts and images of God, that is, of the mind. 15.45.3 Aristotle indeed left forms and ideas, but not separated from matter, having been outside of what is from God. 15.45.4 The Stoics from Zeno: that ideas are our concepts.

15.46.1 40. ON THE ORDER OF THE STARS Xenocrates thinks that the stars are moved on a single surface. 15.46.2 The other Stoics: some before the others, in height and depth. 15.46.3 Democritus: the fixed stars first, and after these the planets, and upon these the sun, Phosphorus, the moon. 15.46.4 Plato, after the position of the fixed stars, the one called Phainon, that of Kronos; second, Phaethon, that of Zeus; third, Pyroeis, that of Ares; fourth, Eosphoros, that of Aphrodite; fifth, Stilbon, that of Hermes; sixth, the sun; seventh, the moon. 15.46.5 Some of the mathematicians, as Plato, but some, the sun in the middle of all. 15.46.6 Anaximander and Metrodorus of Chios and Crates: that the sun is placed highest of all; after it the moon, and under them the fixed stars and the planets.

15.47.1 47. ON THE COURSE AND MOTION OF THE STARS

Anaxagoras, Democritus, Cleanthes: that all the stars are carried from east to west. 15.47.2 Alcmaeon and the mathematicians: that the planets are carried in opposition to the fixed stars from west to east. 15.47.3 Anaximander: that they are carried by the circles and the spheres on which each one is set. Anaximenes: that the stars are not turned under the earth, but around it. 15.47.4 Plato and the mathematicians: that the sun, Phosphorus, and Stilbon are of the same course.

15.48.1 48. FROM WHERE THE STARS ARE ILLUMINATED Metrodorus: that all the fixed stars are illuminated by the sun.

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Ὕλη ἐστὶ τὸ ὑποκείμενον γενέσει καὶ φθορᾷ καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις μεταβολαῖς. 15.44.2 Οἱ ἀπὸ Θάλεω καὶ Πυθαγόρα καὶ οἱ Στωϊκοὶ τρεπτὴν καὶ ἀλλοιωτὴν καὶ ῥευστὴν ὅλην δι' ὅλων τὴν ὕλην. 15.44.3 Οἱ ἀπὸ ∆ημοκρίτου ἀπαθῆ τὰ πρῶτα, τὴν ἄτομον καὶ τὸ κενὸν τὸ ἀσώματον. 15.44.4 Ἀριστοτέλης καὶ Πλάτων τὴν ὕλην σωματοειδῆ, ἄμορφον, ἀνείδεον, ἀσχημάτιστον, ἄποιον ὅσον ἐπὶ τῇ ἰδίᾳ φύσει, δεξαμενὴν δὲ τῶν εἰδῶν οἷον τιθήνην καὶ ἐκμαγεῖον καὶ μητέρα γενέσθαι. οἱ δὲ ὕδωρ λέγοντες ἢ πῦρ ἢ ἀέρα ἢ γῆν τὴν ὕλην, οὐκέτι ἄμορφον αὐτὴν λέγουσιν, ἀλλὰ σῶμα· οἱ δὲ τὰ ἀμερῆ καὶ τὰς ἀτόμους, ἄμορφον.

15.45.1 μεʹ. ΠΕΡΙ Ι∆ΕΑΣ Ἰδέα δέ ἐστιν οὐσία ἀσώματος, αὐτὴ μὲν ὑφεστῶσα καὶ καθ' αὑτήν, εἰκονίζουσα δὲ τὰς ἀμόρφους ὕλας καὶ αἰτία γιγνομένη τῆς τούτων δείξεως. 15.45.2 Σωκράτης καὶ Πλάτων χωριστὰς τῆς ὕλης δείξεις τὰς δὲ ἰδέας ἐν τοῖς νοήμασι καὶ ταῖς φαντασίαις τοῦ θεοῦ, τουτέστι τοῦ νοῦ. 15.45.3 Ἀριστοτέλης εἴδη μὲν ἀπέλιπε καὶ ἰδέας, οὐ μὴν κεχωρισμένας τῆς ὕλης, ἔξω γεγονὼς τοῦ ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ. 15.45.4 Οἱ ἀπὸ Ζήνωνος Στωϊκοὶ ἐννοήματα ἡμέτερα τὰς ἰδέας.

15.46.1 μʹ. ΠΕΡΙ ΤΑΞΕΩΣ ΑΣΤΕΡΩΝ Ξενοκράτης κατὰ μίαν ἐπιφάνειαν οἴεται κινεῖσθαι τοὺς ἀστέρας. 15.46.2 Οἱ ἄλλοι Στωϊκοὶ πρὸ τῶν ἑτέρων τοὺς ἑτέρους, ἐν ὕψει καὶ βάθει. 15.46.3 ∆ημόκριτος τὰ μὲν ἀπλανῆ πρῶτον, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα τοὺς πλανήτας, ἐφ' οἷς ἥλιον, Φωσφόρον, σελήνην. 15.46.4 Πλάτων μετὰ τὴν τῶν ἀπλανῶν θέσιν Φαίνωνα λεγόμενον, τὸν τοῦ Κρόνου· δεύτερον Φαέθοντα, τὸν τοῦ ∆ιός· τρίτον Πυρόεντα, τὸν τοῦ Ἄρεως· τέταρτον Ἑωσφόρον, τὸν τῆς Ἀφροδίτης· πέμπτον Στίλβοντα, τὸν τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ·ἕκτον ἥλιον· ἕβδομον σελήνην. 15.46.5 Τῶν μαθηματικῶν τινὲς μὲν ὡς Πλάτων, τινὲς δὲ μέσον πάντων τὸν ἥλιον. 15.46.6 Ἀναξίμανδρος καὶ Μητρόδωρος ὁ Χῖος καὶ Κράτης ἀνωτάτω μὲν πάντων τὸν ἥλιον τετάχθαι· μετ' αὐτὸν τὴν σελήνην, ὑπὸ δὲ αὐτοῖς τὰ ἀπλανῆ τῶν ἄστρων καὶ τοὺς πλανήτας.

15.47.1 μζʹ. ΠΕΡΙ ΤΗΣ ΤΩΝ ΑΣΤΡΩΝ ΦΟΡΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΚΙΝΗΣΕΩΣ

Ἀναξαγόρας, ∆ημόκριτος, Κλεάνθης ἀπ' ἀνατολῶν ἐπὶ δυσμὰς φέρεσθαι πάντας τοὺς ἀστέρας. 15.47.2 Ἀλκμαίων καὶ οἱ μαθηματικοὶ τοὺς πλανήτας τοῖς ἀπλανέσιν ἀπὸ δυσμῶν ἐπ' ἀνατολὰς ἀντιφέρεσθαι. 15.47.3 Ἀναξίμανδρος ὑπὸ τῶν κύκλων καὶ τῶν σφαιρῶν, ἐφ' ὧν ἕκαστος βέβηκε, φέρεσθαι. Ἀναξιμένης οὐχ ὑπὸ τὴν γῆν, περὶ αὐτὴν δὲ στρέφεσθαι τοὺς ἀστέρας. 15.47.4 Πλάτων καὶ οἱ μαθηματικοὶ ἰσοδρόμους εἶναι τὸν ἥλιον, τὸν Φωσφόρον, τὸν Στίλβοντα.

15.48.1 μηʹ. ΠΟΘΕΝ ΦΩΤΙΖΟΝΤΑΙ ΟΙ ΑΣΤΕΡΕΣ Μητρόδωρος ἅπαντας τοὺς ἀπλανεῖς ἀστέρας ὑπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου καταλάμπεσθαι.