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15.48.2 Heraclitus, the Stoics, that the stars are nourished by the terrestrial exhalation. 15.48.3 Aristotle, that the celestial bodies do not need nourishment; for they are not perishable, but eternal. 15.48.4 Plato, that the whole cosmos in common and the stars are nourished from itself.

15.49.1 49. CONCERNING THE SO-CALLED DIOSCURI Xenophanes, that those appearing on ships like stars are little clouds glimmering by virtue of a certain kind of motion. 15.49.2 Metrodorus, that they are flashes of the seeing eyes with fear and amazement.

15.50.1 50. CONCERNING THE ECLIPSE OF THE SUN Thales was the first to say that the sun is eclipsed when the moon, being earthy in nature, passes perpendicularly under it; and that this is seen as in a mirror, when it is placed under the disc. 15.50.2 Anaximander, by the blocking up of the orifice for the exhalation of fire. 15.50.3 Heraclitus, by the turning of the boat-shaped body, so that the concave part comes to be on top, and the convex part below, towards our sight. 15.50.4 Xenophanes, by extinction; and another is formed again in the east. And he has also recorded an eclipse of the sun for a whole month and again a total eclipse, so that the day appeared as night. 15.50.5 Some, by the condensation of invisible clouds coming over the disc. 15.50.6 Aristarchus places the sun among the fixed stars, and moves the moon around the solar circle, and that according to these inclinations the disc is shadowed. 15.50.7 Xenophanes, that there are many suns and moons, according to the regions of the earth and its sections and zones; and at a certain time the disc falls into some section of the earth not inhabited by us, and thus, as if treading on emptiness, it shows an eclipse. The same man says that the sun proceeds to infinity, but seems to circle on account of the distance.

15.51.1 51. CONCERNING THE ECLIPSE OF THE MOON

Anaximander, by the stopping up of the orifice around the wheel during the turning of the fiery part towards us. 15.51.2 Heraclitus, by the turning of the boat-shaped body. 15.51.3 Some of the Pythagoreans, by the reflection and interposition of the earth or of the counter-earth; but the more recent ones, by the spreading of light, which is kindled little by little in an orderly fashion, until it produces the perfect full moon, and again diminishes analogously until the conjunction, at which it is completely extinguished. 15.51.4 Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics and the mathematicians agree that it makes its monthly concealments when accompanying the sun and being illuminated along with it; but the eclipses, when it falls into the shadow of the earth, the earth being between both stars, or rather, the moon being blocked. 15.52.1 52. CONCERNING ITS APPEARANCE AND WHY IT APPEARS EARTH-LIKE The Pythagoreans, that the moon appears earth-like because it is inhabited all around, just like the earth among us, by larger animals and more beautiful plants. For there are

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15.48.2 Ἡράκλειτος, οἱ Στωϊκοὶ τρέφεσθαι τοὺς ἀστέρας ἐκ τῆς ἐπιγείου ἀναθυμιάσεως. 15.48.3 Ἀριστοτέλης μὴ δεῖσθαι τὰ οὐράνια τροφῆς· οὐ γὰρ φθαρτά, ἀλλὰ ἀΐδια. 15.48.4 Πλάτων κοινῶς τὸν κόσμον ὅλον καὶ τὰ ἄστρα ἐξ αὐτοῦ τρέφεσθαι.

15.49.1 μθʹ. ΠΕΡΙ ΤΩΝ ΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΩΝ ∆ΙΟΣΚΟΥΡΩΝ Ξενοφάνης τοὺς ἐπὶ τῶν πλοίων φαινομένους οἷον ἀστέρας νεφέλια εἶναι κατὰ τὴν ποιὰν κίνησιν παραλάμποντα. 15.49.2 Μητρόδωρος τῶν ὁρώντων ὀφθαλμῶν μετὰ δέους καὶ καταπλήξεως εἶναι στιλβηδόνας.

15.50.1 νʹ. ΠΕΡΙ ΕΚΛΕΙΨΕΩΣ ΗΛΙΟΥ Θαλῆς πρῶτος ἔφη ἐκλείπειν τὸν ἥλιον τῆς σελήνης αὐτὸν ὑπερχομένης κατὰ κάθετον, οὔσης φύσει γεώδους· βλέπεσθαι δὲ τοῦτο κατοπτρικῶς, ὑποτιθεμένην τῷ δίσκῳ. 15.50.2 Ἀναξίμανδρος τοῦ στομίου τῆς τοῦ πυρὸς διεκπνοῆς ἀποκλειομένου. 15.50.3 Ἡράκλειτος κατὰ τὴν τοῦ σκαφοειδοῦς στροφήν, ὥστε τὸ μὲν κοῖλον ἄνω γίνεσθαι, τὸ δὲ κυρτὸν κάτω πρὸς τὴν ἡμετέραν ὄψιν. 15.50.4 Ξενοφάνης κατὰ σβέσιν· ἕτερον δὲ πάλιν πρὸς ταῖς ἀνατολαῖς γίνεσθαι. παριστόρηκε δὲ καὶ ἔκλειψιν ἡλίου ἐφ' ὅλον τὸν μῆνα καὶ πάλιν ἔκλειψιν ἐντελῆ, ὥστε τὴν ἡμέραν νύκτα φανῆναι. 15.50.5 Ἔνιοι πύκνωμα τῶν ἀοράτων ἐπερχομένων τῷ δίσκῳ νεφῶν. 15.50.6 Ἀρίσταρχος τὸν ἥλιον ἵστησι μετὰ τῶν ἀπλανῶν, τὴν δὲ σελήνην κινεῖ περὶ τὸν ἡλιακὸν κύκλον καὶ κατὰ ταύτας τὰς ἐγκλίσεις σκιάζεσθαι τὸν δίσκον. 15.50.7 Ξενοφάνης πολλοὺς ἡλίους εἶναι καὶ σελήνας, κατὰ κλίματα τῆς γῆς καὶ ἀποτομὰς καὶ ζώνας· κατά τινα δὲ καιρὸν ἐμπίπτειν τὸν δίσκον εἴς τινα ἀποτομὴν τῆς γῆς οὐκ οἰκουμένην ὑφ' ἡμῶν καὶ οὕτως ὥσπερ κενεμβατοῦντος ἔκλειψιν ὑποφαίνειν. ὁ δ' αὐτὸς τὸν ἥλιον μὲν εἰς ἄπειρον προϊέναι, δοκεῖν δὲ κυκλεῖσθαι διὰ τὴν ἀπόστασιν.

15.51.1 ναʹ. ΠΕΡΙ ΕΚΛΕΙΨΕΩΣ ΣΕΛΗΝΗΣ

Ἀναξίμανδρος τοῦ στομίου τοῦ περὶ τὸν τροχὸν ἐπιφραττομένου κατὰ τὴν πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἐπιστροφὴν τοῦ πυρώδους μέρους. 15.51.2 Ἡράκλειτος κατὰ τὴν τοῦ σκαφοειδοῦς στροφήν. 15.51.3 Τῶν Πυθαγορείων τινὲς ἀνταύγειαν καὶ ἐπίφραξιν τῆς γῆς ἢ τῆς ἀντίχθονος· οἱ δὲ νεώτεροι κατ' ἐπινέμησιν φωτὸς κατὰ μικρὸν ἐξαπτομένης τεταγμένως, ἕως ἂν τὴν τελείαν πανσέληνον ἀποδῷ, καὶ πάλιν ἀναλόγως μειουμένης μέχρι τῆς συνόδου, καθ' ἣν τελέως σβέννυται. 15.51.4 Πλάτων, Ἀριστοτέλης, οἱ Στωϊκοὶ καὶ οἱ μαθηματικοὶ συμφωνοῦσι τὰς μὲν μηνιαίους ἀποκρύψεις συνοδεύουσαν αὐτὴν ἡλίῳ καὶ συμπεριλαμπομένην ποιεῖσθαι· τὰς δὲ ἐκλείψεις, εἰς τὸ σκίασμα τῆς γῆς ἐμπίπτουσαν μεταξὺ ἀμφοτέρων τῶν ἀστέρων γινομένης, μᾶλλον δὲ τῆς σελήνης ἀντιφραττομένης. 15.52.1 νβʹ. ΠΕΡΙ ΕΜΦΑΣΕΩΣ ΑΥΤΗΣ ΚΑΙ ∆ΙΑ ΤΙ ΓΕΩ∆ΗΣ ΦΑΙΝΕΤΑΙ Οἱ Πυθαγόρειοι γεώδη φαίνεσθαι τὴν σελήνην διὰ τὸ περιοικεῖσθαι αὐτὴν καθάπερ τὴν παρ' ἡμῖν γῆν μείζοσι ζῴοις καὶ φυτοῖς καλλίοσιν. εἶναι γὰρ