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fifteen times as large the animals on it, excreting nothing corporeal; and the day so long in length. 15.52.2 Anaxagoras, an unevenness through its composition because of its cold and earthy nature; for the gloomy is mixed with the fiery, whence the star is said to be falsely shining. 15.52.3 The Stoics, because of the mixture of air in its substance its composition is not pure.

15.53.1 53. CONCERNING ITS DISTANCES

Empedocles, that the moon is twice as far from the sun as from the earth. 15.53.2 The mathematicians, eighteen times as far. 15.53.3 Eratosthenes, that the sun is distant from the earth four hundred myriads and eighty thousand myriads of stades, and the moon is distant from the earth 78 myriads of stades.

15.54.1 54. CONCERNING YEARS

A year is for Cronus a period of 30 years, for Zeus twelve, for Ares two, for the sun twelve months. The same for Hermes and Aphrodite; for they have the same course. For the moon, thirty days; for this is the complete month from its appearance to conjunction. 15.54.2 Some place the great year in the eight-year cycle, others in the nineteen-year cycle, and others in fifty-nine. Heraclitus from 18,000 solar years, Diogenes from three hundred and sixty-five of such years as the year is according to Heraclitus.” 15.54.3 And concerning celestial and meteorological phenomena, so many things are disputed by the aforementioned among themselves. But behold also the things concerning the earth:

15.55.1 55. CONCERNING THE EARTH

“Thales and his followers, that the earth is one. 15.55.2 Hicetas the Pythagorean, two, itself and the counter-earth. 15.55.3 The Stoics, that the earth is one and finite. 15.55.4 Xenophanes, that from its lower part it is rooted into the infinite, and was compacted from air and fire. 15.55.5 Metrodorus, that the earth is the sediment and dregs of water, and the sun of air.

15.56.1 56. CONCERNING THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH Thales and the Stoics, that the earth is spherical. 15.56.2 Anaximander, that it is like a stone column of those on a flat base. 15.56.3 Anaximenes, table-shaped. 15.56.4 Leucippus, drum-shaped. 15.56.5 Democritus, discoid in breadth, but hollow in the middle.

15.57.1 57. CONCERNING THE POSITION OF THE EARTH The followers of Thales, that the earth is in the middle. 15.57.2 Xenophanes, first, for it is rooted in the infinite. 15.57.3 Philolaus the Pythagorean, that fire is in the middle, for this is the hearth of the universe; and second the counter-earth; and third the inhabited earth, lying opposite to and revolving with the counter-earth, on account of which it is not seen by those in this one

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πεντεκαιδεκαπλάσια τὰ ἐπ' αὐτῆς ζῷα, μηδὲν σωματικὸν ἀποκρίνοντα· καὶ τὴν ἡμέραν τοσαύτην τῷ μήκει. 15.52.2 Ἀναξαγόρας ἀνωμαλότητα διὰ τοῦ συγκρίματος διὰ τὸ ψυχροειδὲς ἅμα καὶ γεῶδες· παραμεμῖχθαι γὰρ τῷ πυροειδεῖ τὸ ζοφῶδες, ὅθεν ψευδοφαῆ λέγεσθαι τὸν ἀστέρα. 15.52.3 Οἱ Στωϊκοὶ διὰ τὸ ἀερομιγὲς τῆς οὐσίας μὴ εἶναι αὐτῆς ἀκήρατον τὸ σύγκριμα.

15.53.1 νγʹ. ΠΕΡΙ ΤΩΝ ΑΠΟΣΤΗΜΑΤΩΝ ΑΥΤΗΣ

Ἐμπεδοκλῆς διπλάσιον ἀπέχειν τὴν σελήνην ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου ἤπερ ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς. 15.53.2 Οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν μαθηματικῶν ὀκτωκαιδεκαπλάσιον. 15.53.3 Ἐρατοσθένης τὸν ἥλιον ἀπέχειν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς σταδίων μυριάδας τετρακοσίας καὶ ὀκτακισμυρίας, τὴν δὲ σελήνην ἀπέχειν τῆς γῆς μυριάδας οηʹ σταδίων.

15.54.1 νδʹ. ΠΕΡΙ ΕΝΙΑΥΤΩΝ

Ἐνιαυτός ἐστι Κρόνου μὲν ἐνιαυτῶν περίοδος λʹ, ∆ιὸς δὲ δώδεκα, Ἄρεως δυοῖν, ἡλίου δώδεκα μῆνες. οἱ δ' αὐτοὶ Ἑρμοῦ καὶ Ἀφροδίτης· ἰσόδρομοι γάρ. σελήνης δὲ ἡμέραι τριάκοντα· οὗτος γὰρ ὁ τέλειος μὴν ἀπὸ φάσεως εἰς σύνοδον. 15.54.2 Τὸν δὲ μέγαν ἐνιαυτὸν οἱ μὲν ἐν τῇ ὀκταετηρίδι τίθενται, οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἐννεακαιδεκαετηρίδι, οἱ δὲ ἐν τοῖς ἑξήκοντα ἑνὸς δέουσιν. Ἡράκλειτος ἐκ μυρίων ὀκτακισχιλίων ἡλιακῶν, ∆ιογένης ἐκ πέντε καὶ ἑξήκοντα καὶ τριακοσίων ἐνιαυτῶν τοσούτων, ὅσων κατὰ Ἡράκλειτον ὁ ἐνιαυτός.» 15.54.3 Καὶ περὶ μὲν τῶν οὐρανίων καὶ μεταρσίων τοσαῦτα τοῖς δεδηλωμένοις πρὸς ἀλλήλους διεστασίασται. θέα δὲ καὶ τὰ περὶ γῆς·

15.55.1 νεʹ. ΠΕΡΙ ΓΗΣ

«Θαλῆς καὶ οἱ ἀπ' αὐτοῦ μίαν εἶναι τὴν γῆν. 15.55.2 Ἱκέτης ὁ Πυθαγόρειος δύο, αὐτὴν καὶ τὴν ἀντίχθονα. 15.55.3 Οἱ Στωϊκοὶ τὴν γῆν μίαν καὶ πεπερασμένην. 15.55.4 Ξενοφάνης ἐκ τοῦ κατωτέρου μέρους εἰς ἄπειρον μέρος ἐρριζῶσθαι, ἐξ ἀέρος δὲ καὶ πυρὸς παγῆναι. 15.55.5 Μητρόδωρος τὴν μὲν γῆν ὑπόστασιν εἶναι καὶ τρύγα τοῦ ὕδατος, τὸν δὲ ἥλιον τοῦ ἀέρος.

15.56.1 νʹ. ΠΕΡΙ ΣΧΗΜΑΤΟΣ ΓΗΣ Θαλῆς καὶ οἱ Στωϊκοὶ σφαιροειδῆ τὴν γῆν. 15.56.2 Ἀναξίμανδρος λίθῳ κίονι προσφερῆ τῶν ἐπὶ πέδων. 15.56.3 Ἀναξιμένης τραπεζοειδῆ. 15.56.4 Λεύκιππος τυμπανοειδῆ. 15.56.5 ∆ημόκριτος δισκοειδῆ τῷ πλάτει, κοίλην δὲ τῷ μέσῳ.

15.57.1 νζʹ. ΠΕΡΙ ΘΕΣΕΩΣ ΤΗΣ ΓΗΣ Οἱ ἀπὸ Θάλεω τὴν γῆν μέσην. 15.57.2 Ξενοφάνης πρώτην, εἰς ἄπειρον γὰρ ἐρριζῶσθαι. 15.57.3 Φιλόλαος ὁ Πυθαγόρειος τὸ μὲν πῦρ μέσον, τοῦτο γὰρ εἶναι τοῦ παντὸς ἑστίαν· δευτέραν δὲ τὴν ἀντίχθονα· τρίτην δὲ τὴν οἰκουμένην γῆν, ἐξ ἐναντίας δὲ κειμένην τε καὶ περιφερομένην τῇ ἀντίχθονι, παρ' ὃ καὶ μὴ ὁρᾶσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἐν τῇδε