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to relate everything in order with the true account, how he was himself an Antaean by race, and while fighting with his kinsmen against the Sclaveni, who were at that time their enemies, he was captured by one of the enemy, but now, since he had arrived among the customs of his fathers, he himself would for the future be free according to the law. The one, therefore, who had paid out gold for him, having fallen into speechlessness, was distressed, having failed of no small hope. But the Roman, wishing both to console the man and to conceal the truth, so that nothing difficult might arise for him concerning his return home, insisted that this very man was still that Chilbudius, but that, being afraid as he was in the midst of barbarians, he was quite unwilling to reveal the whole story, but if he should be in the land of the Romans, not only would he not conceal the true story, but he would even be ambitious, as was likely, for this very name. At first, then, these things were done secretly from the other barbarians. But when the report, spreading about, came to all, almost all the Antae were roused over this, and they demanded that the matter be a common concern, thinking that great good would come to them, having now become masters of the Roman general Chilbudius. For these nations, the Sclaveni and the Antae, are not ruled by one man, but live in a democracy from of old, and for this reason their affairs, both advantageous and difficult, are always brought to the community for discussion. And likewise, almost all other things are and have been customary for both these barbarians from ancient times. For they believe that one god, the maker of lightning, is the only lord of all, and they sacrifice to him cattle and all other victims; but they neither know fate nor do they otherwise agree that it has any influence at all on human affairs, but when death is already at their feet, whether they are taken by disease or are entering into war, they promise that, if they escape, they will immediately make a sacrifice to the god in return for their life, and having escaped they sacrifice what they promised, and they think that their salvation has been bought for them by this very sacrifice. However, they also revere rivers and nymphs and certain other spirits, and they sacrifice to all of them as well, and they make their divinations during these very sacrifices. They live in wretched huts, scattered far from one another, and each of them very often changes their place of habitation. And when they go into battle, most of them go against their enemies on foot holding small shields and javelins in their hands, but they never put on a corselet. And some have neither a tunic nor a cloak, but having fitted only their trousers up to their private parts, thus they enter into combat with their opponents. And both have one language, utterly barbarous. Moreover, they do not differ at all from one another in appearance. For they are all exceptionally tall and strong, and their bodies and hair are neither very white nor blond, nor has it turned entirely to black, but they are all reddish. And they themselves have a hard and neglected way of life, just like the Massagetae, and just as they are, they are constantly full of filth, however, they happen to be by no means wicked or malevolent, but even in their simplicity they preserve the Hunnic character. And indeed, both the Sclaveni and the Antae had one name from of old. For in ancient times they called both Sporoi, because, I think, they inhabit the land scattered about. For this very reason they also hold a great deal of land; for they inhabit most of the other bank of the Ister. So the matters concerning this people are somewhat as follows. And the Antae at that time, gathering together as was said, were forcing this man to confess to them that he was Chilbudius himself, the general of the Romans. And when he denied it, they threatened to punish him. And while these things were being done there, at this time the emperor Justinian, having sent certain ambassadors to these very barbarians, asked them all to settle together in an ancient city, Turris by name, which lies beyond the river Ister, of Trajan the Roman emperor in

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καταλέγειν ξὺν τῷ ἀληθεῖ λόγῳ ἐφεξῆς ἅπαντα, ὡς εἴη μὲν καὶ αὐτὸς Ἄντης τὸ γένος, μαχόμενος δὲ ξὺν τοῖς ὁμογενέσι πρὸς Σκλαβηνοὺς, τότε πολεμίους σφίσιν ὄντας, πρός του τῶν ἐναντίων ἁλῴη, τανῦν δὲ, ἐπεὶ ἀφίκετο ἐς τὰ πάτρια ἤθη, ἐλεύθερος τὸ λοιπὸν κατά γε τὸν νόμον καὶ 7.14.19 αὐτὸς ἔσται. ὁ μὲν οὖν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ χρυσίον προέμενος εἰς ἀφασίαν ἐμπεπτωκὼς ἤσχαλλεν, ἐλπίδος ἀπο7.14.20 τυχὼν οὐ μετρίας τινός. ὁ δὲ Ῥωμαῖος τόν τε ἄνθρωπον παρηγορεῖν τήν τε ἀλήθειαν ἐκκρούειν ἐθέλων, ὡς μή τι αὐτῷ τῆς ἐς τὴν οἰκείαν ἐπανόδου χαλεπὸν εἴη, Χιλβούδιον μὲν ἐκεῖνον ἔτι τοῦτον δὴ τὸν ἄνδρα ἰσχυρίζετο εἶναι, δεδιότα δὲ ἅτε δὴ ὄντα ἐν μέσοις βαρβάροις ὡς ἥκιστα ἐθέλειν ἀποκαλύψαι τὸν πάντα λόγον, ἢν μέντοι γένηται ἐν γῇ τῇ Ῥωμαίων, οὐχ ὅσον οὐκ ἀποκρύψεσθαι τὸν ἀληθῆ λόγον, ἀλλὰ καὶ φιλοτιμήσεσθαι, ὡς τὸ εἰκὸς, ἐπὶ τούτῳ δὴ τῷ ὀνόματι. τὰ μὲν οὖν πρῶτα κρύφα ταῦτα ἐπράσσετο τῶν ἄλλων βαρβάρων. 7.14.21 Ἐπεὶ δὲ ὁ λόγος περιφερόμενος ἐς ἅπαντας ἦλθεν, ἠγείροντο μὲν ἐπὶ τούτῳ Ἄνται σχεδὸν ἅπαντες, κοινὴν δὲ εἶναι τὴν πρᾶξιν ἠξίουν, μεγάλα σφίσιν οἰόμενοι ἀγαθὰ ἔσεσθαι, κυρίοις ἤδη τοῦ Ῥωμαίων στρατηγοῦ 7.14.22 Χιλβουδίου γεγενημένοις. τὰ γὰρ ἔθνη ταῦτα, Σκλαβηνοί τε καὶ Ἄνται, οὐκ ἄρχονται πρὸς ἀνδρὸς ἑνὸς, ἀλλ' ἐν δημοκρατίᾳ ἐκ παλαιοῦ βιοτεύουσι, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο αὐτοῖς τῶν πραγμάτων ἀεὶ τά τε ξύμφορα καὶ τὰ δύσκολα ἐς κοινὸν ἄγεται. ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ὡς εἰπεῖν ἅπαντα ἑκατέροις ἐστί τε καὶ νενόμισται 7.14.23 τούτοις ἄνωθεν τοῖς βαρβάροις. θεὸν μὲν γὰρ ἕνα τὸν τῆς ἀστραπῆς δημιουργὸν ἁπάντων κύριον μόνον αὐτὸν νομίζουσιν εἶναι, καὶ θύουσιν αὐτῷ βόας τε καὶ ἱερεῖα πάντα· εἱμαρμένην δὲ οὔτε ἴσασιν οὔτε ἄλλως ὁμολογοῦσιν ἔν γε ἀνθρώποις ῥοπήν τινα ἔχειν, ἀλλ' ἐπειδὰν αὐτοῖς ἐν ποσὶν ἤδη ὁ θάνατος εἴη, ἢ νόσῳ ἁλοῦσιν ἢ ἐς πόλεμον καθισταμένοις, ἐπαγγέλλονται μὲν, ἢν διαφύγωσι, θυσίαν τῷ θεῷ ἀντὶ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτίκα ποιήσειν, διαφυγόντες δὲ θύουσιν ὅπερ ὑπέσχοντο, καὶ οἴονται τὴν σωτηρίαν ταύτης δὴ τῆς 7.14.24 θυσίας αὐτοῖς ἐωνῆσθαι. σέβουσι μέντοι καὶ ποταμούς τε καὶ νύμφας καὶ ἄλλα ἄττα δαιμόνια, καὶ θύουσι καὶ αὐτοῖς ἅπασι, τάς τε μαντείας ἐν ταύταις δὴ ταῖς θυσίαις ποιοῦνται. οἰκοῦσι δὲ ἐν καλύβαις οἰκτραῖς διεσκηνημένοι πολλῷ μὲν ἀπ' ἀλλήλων, ἀμείβοντες δὲ ὡς τὰ πολλὰ τὸν τῆς ἐνοικήσεως ἕκαστοι 7.14.25 χῶρον. ἐς μάχην δὲ καθιστάμενοι πεζῇ μὲν ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους οἱ πολλοὶ ἴασιν ἀσπίδια καὶ ἀκόντια ἐν χερσὶν ἔχοντες, θώρακα δὲ οὐδαμῆ ἐνδιδύσκονται. 7.14.26 τινὲς δὲ οὐδὲ χιτῶνα οὐδὲ τριβώνιον ἔχουσιν, ἀλλὰ μόνας τὰς ἀναξυρίδας ἐναρμοσάμενοι μέχρι ἐς τὰ αἰδοῖα, οὕτω δὴ ἐς ξυμβολὴν τοῖς ἐναντίοις καθίστανται. ἔστι δὲ καὶ μία ἑκατέροις φωνὴ ἀτεχνῶς βάρ7.14.27 βαρος. οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ τὸ εἶδος ἐς ἀλλήλους τι διαλλάσσουσιν. εὐμήκεις τε γὰρ καὶ ἄλκιμοι διαφερόντως εἰσὶν ἅπαντες, τὰ δὲ σώματα καὶ τὰς κόμας οὔτε λευκοὶ ἐσάγαν ἢ ξανθοί εἰσιν οὔτε πη ἐς τὸ μέλαν αὐτοῖς παντελῶς τέτραπται, ἀλλ' ὑπέρυθροί εἰσιν ἅπαντες. 7.14.28 δίαιταν δὲ σκληράν τε καὶ ἀπημελημένην, ὥσπερ οἱ Μασσαγέται, καὶ αὐτοὶ ἔχουσι, καὶ ῥύπου ᾗπερ ἐκεῖνοι ἐνδελεχέστατα γέμουσι, πονηροὶ μέντοι ἢ κακοῦργοι ὡς ἥκιστα τυγχάνουσιν ὄντες, ἀλλὰ κἀν τῷ ἀφελεῖ 7.14.29 διασώζουσι τὸ Οὐννικὸν ἦθος. καὶ μὴν καὶ ὄνομα Σκλαβηνοῖς τε καὶ Ἄνταις ἓν τὸ ἀνέκαθεν ἦν. Σπόρους γὰρ τὸ παλαιὸν ἀμφοτέρους ἐκάλουν, ὅτι δὴ σπορά7.14.30 δην, οἶμαι, διεσκηνημένοι τὴν χώραν οἰκοῦσι. διὸ δὴ καὶ γῆν τινα πολλὴν ἔχουσι· τὸ γὰρ πλεῖστον τῆς ἑτέρας τοῦ Ἴστρου ὄχθης αὐτοὶ νέμονται. τὰ μὲν οὖν ἀμφὶ τὸν λεὼν τοῦτον ταύτῃ πη ἔχει. 7.14.31 Ἄνται δὲ τότε ἀγειρόμενοι, ὥσπερ ἐρρήθη, τὸν ἄνδρα τοῦτον ἠνάγκαζον ὁμολογεῖν σφίσιν ὅτι Χιλβού7.14.32 διος αὐτὸς ὁ Ῥωμαίων στρατηγὸς εἴη. ἀρνηθέντα τε κολάζειν ἠπείλουν. ἐν ᾧ δὲ ταῦτα ἐπράσσετο τῇδε, ἐν τούτῳ βασιλεὺς Ἰουστινιανὸς πρέσβεις τινὰς παρὰ τούτους δὴ τοὺς βαρβάρους στείλας ἠξίου ξυνοικίζεσθαι ἅπαντας εἰς πόλιν ἀρχαίαν, Τούρριν ὄνομα, ἣ κεῖται μὲν ὑπὲρ ποταμὸν Ἴστρον, Τραϊανοῦ τοῦ Ῥωμαίων αὐτοκράτορος ἐν