16. What say you, O you—! is that foul smell, then, which is given forth and emitted by burning hides, by bones, by bristles, by the fleeces of lambs, and the feathers of fowls,—is that a favour and an honour to the deity? and are the deities honoured by this, to whose temples, when you arrange to go, you come1601    Lit., “you show yourselves,” præstatis. cleansed from all pollution, washed, and perfectly1602    Lit., “most.” So Tibullus (Eleg., ii. 1, 13): “Pure things please the gods. Come (i.e., to the sacrifice) with clean garments, and with clean hands take water from the fountain,”—perfect cleanliness being scrupulously insisted on. pure? And what can be more polluted than these, more unhappy,1603    This Heraldus explains as “of worse omen,” and Oehler as “more unclean.” more debased, than if their senses are naturally such that they are fond of what is so cruel, and take delight in foul smells which, when inhaled with the breath, even those who sacrifice cannot bear, and certainly not a delicate1604    Ingenuæ, i.e., such as any respectable person has. nose? But if you think that the gods of heaven are honoured by the blood of living creatures being offered to them, why do you not1605    To this the commentators have replied, that mules, asses, and dogs were sacrificed to certain deities. We must either admit that Arnobius has here fallen into error, or suppose that he refers merely to the animals which were usually slain, or find a reason for his neglecting it in the circumstances of each sacrifice. sacrifice to them both mules, and elephants, and asses? why not dogs also, bears, and foxes, camels, and hyænas, and lions? And as birds also are counted victims by you, why do you not sacrifice vultures, eagles, storks, falcons, hawks, ravens, sparrow-hawks, owls, and, along with them, salamanders, water-snakes, vipers, tarantulæ? For indeed there is both blood in these, and they are in like manner moved by the breath of life. What is there more artistic in the former kind of sacrifices, or less ingenious in the latter, that these do not add to and increase the grandeur of the gods? Because, says my opponent, it is right to honour the gods of heaven with those things by which we are ourselves nourished and sustained, and live; which also they have, in their divine benevolence, deigned to give to us for food. But the same gods have given to you both cumin, cress, turnips, onions, parsley, esculent thistles, radishes, gourds, rue, mint, basil, flea-bane, and chives, and commanded them to be used by you as part of your food; why, then, do you not put these too upon the altars, and scatter wild-marjoram, with which oxen are fed, over them all, and mix amongst them onions with their pungent flavour?

XVI. Quid dicitis, o isti! ergone ille putor, qui ex coriis tollitur atque expirat ardentibus, qui ex ossibus, qui ex setis, ex agnorum lanitiis, gallinarumque de plumis, dei munus et honor est? mactaturque hoc illis, quorum templa cum adire disponitis, ab omni vos labe puros, lautos, castissimosque praestatis? Et quid esse his potest coinquinatius, infelicius, spurcius, 1236B quam si ita facti sunt sensus sui natura, ut in 1237A amoribus habeant tam saeva, sintque illis in voluptate putores: quos neque ipsi sacrificantes ferre, nec ingenuae sustinere tractos valeant per spiritum nares? Quod si animantium cruore honorari, et affici superiorum animos existimatis, cur non eis et mulos, et elephantos mactatis, et asinos? cur non et canes, ursos, et vulpes, et camelos, et belbas, et leones? et quoniam volucres bestiarum quoque in numeris ponitis, cur non vulturios, aquilas, ciconias, immussulos, buteones, corvos, accipitres, noctuas, cumque illis salamandras, natrices, viperas, solifugas? Nempe subest et his sanguis, et consimili ratione vitali agitantur spiritu? Quid in illis majoris est operis, aut solertiae in his minus, ut ista non augeant, superorum illa amplificent dignitatem? Quia rebus ex his, 1238A inquit, par est honorare coelestes, quibus ipsi alimur, sustentamur, et vivimus, et quas nobis ad victum sui numinis tribuere benignitate dignati sunt. Sed et cuminum, nasturtium, rapa, bulbos, apium, carduos, radices, cucurbitas, rutam, mentam, ocimum, pulejum, porrumque sectivum, iidem tribuere dii vobis, esseque in usibus vestris alimoniarum in parte jusserunt. Quid ergo cessatis altaribus et haec dare, rebusque his omnibus cunilam superspergere bubulam, et acrimonias intermiscere ceparum?