Chapter LXXXV.

He is not ashamed, moreover, to say, in addition to these statements (that the unseemly character950    ἀσχημοσύνην. of his opinions may be manifest to those who will live after him):  “Come now, if one were to look down from heaven upon earth, in what respect would our actions appear to differ from those of ants and bees?”  Now does he who, according to his own supposition, looks from heaven upon the proceedings of men and ants, look upon their bodies alone, and not rather have regard to the controlling reason which is called into action by reflection;951    οὐ κατανοεῖ δὲ τὸ λογικὸν ἡγεμονικὸν καὶ λογισμῷ κινούμενον; while, on the other hand, the guiding principle of the latter is irrational, and set in motion irrationally by impulse and fancy, in conjunction with a certain natural apparatus?952    μετά τινος φυσικῆς ὑποκατασκευῆς;  But it is absurd to suppose that he who looks from heaven upon earthly things would desire to look from such a distance upon the bodies of men and ants, and would not rather consider the nature of the guiding principles, and the source of impulses, whether that be rational or irrational.  And if he once look upon the source of all impulses, it is manifest that he would behold also the difference which exists, and the superiority of man, not only over ants, but even over elephants.  For he who looks from heaven will see among irrational creatures, however large their bodies, no other principle953    ἀρχήν. than, so to speak, irrationality;954    τὴν ἀλογίαν. while amongst rational beings he will discover reason, the common possession of men, and of divine and heavenly beings, and perhaps of the Supreme God Himself, on account of which man is said to have been created in the image of God, for the image of the Supreme God is his reason.955    λόγος.

Καὶ οὐκ αἰδεῖταί γε ἐπιφέρων τούτοις, ἵνα καὶ τοῖς μετ' αὐτὸν ἐσομένοις ἐπιδεικνύηται τὴν τῶν δογμάτων ἑαυτοῦ ἀσχημοσύνην, λέγων· Φέρ' οὖν, εἴ τις ἀπ' οὐρανοῦ ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ἐπιβλέποι, τί ἂν δόξαι διαφέρειν τὰ ὑφ' ἡμῶν ἢ τὰ ὑπὸ μυρμήκων καὶ μελισσῶν δρώμενα; Ὁ ἀπ' οὐρανοῦ δὴ ἐπὶ γῆν κατὰ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν αὐτοῦ βλέπων τὰ δρώμενα ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ τὰ ὑπὸ τῶν μυρμήκων γινόμενα πότερον ἐνορᾷ μὲν ἀνθρώπων καὶ μυρμήκων σώμασιν, οὐ κατανοεῖ δὲ τὸ λογικὸν ἡγεμονικὸν καὶ λογισμῷ κινούμενον πάλιν τε αὖ τὸ ἄλογον ἡγεμονικὸν καὶ ὑπὸ ὁρμῆς καὶ φαντα σίας ἀλόγως κινούμενον μετά τινος φυσικῆς ὑποκατασκευῆς; Ἀλλ' ἄτοπον τὸν ἀπ' οὐρανοῦ βλέποντα τὰ ἐπὶ γῆς ἐνορᾶν μὲν θέλειν σώμασιν ἀνθρώπων καὶ μυρμήκων ἀπὸ τοσούτου διαστήματος, μὴ πολὺ δὲ μᾶλλον βλέπειν ἡγεμο νικῶν φύσεις καὶ πηγὴν ὁρμῶν λογικὴν ἢ ἄλογον. Εἰ δ' ἅπαξ βλέπει τὴν πασῶν ὁρμῶν πηγήν, δῆλον ὅτι καὶ τὴν διαφορὰν ἴδοι ἂν καὶ τὴν ὑπεροχὴν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου οὐ μόνον παρὰ τοὺς μύρμηκας ἀλλὰ καὶ παρὰ τοὺς ἐλέφαντας. Ὁ γὰρ βλέπων ἀπ' οὐρανοῦ ἐν μὲν τοῖς ἀλόγοις, κἂν μεγάλα ᾖ αὐτῶν τὰ σώματα, οὐκ ἄλλην ὄψεται ἀρχὴν ἢ τήν, ἵν' οὕτως ὀνομάσω, ἀλογίαν· ἐν δὲ τοῖς λογικοῖς λόγον τὸν κοινὸν ἀνθρώπων πρὸς τὰ θεῖα καὶ ἐπουράνια τάχα δὲ καὶ αὐτὸν τὸν ἐπὶ πᾶσι θεόν, διὸ καὶ "κατ' εἰκόνα" γεγονέναι ὠνόμασται τοῦ θεοῦ· "εἰκὼν" γὰρ τοῦ ἐπὶ πᾶσι θεοῦ ὁ λόγος ἐστὶν αὐτοῦ.