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may be accomplished. The members of the senate, then, immediately acquitted both him and his son, all of them, since they had committed no offense against 7.32.47 the state. But when they all came into the presence of the emperor, the emperor himself, becoming angry, was both vexed and exceedingly enraged against Germanus, blaming the slowness of his declaration, and two of the magistrates, flattering him, agreed with his opinion, and they seemed to share his displeasure; and in this way they greatly inflamed the emperor's anger, being eager 7.32.48 to curry favour with him by means of others' misfortunes. But the others, being cowed, held their peace, allowing him to do what he wished by not opposing him; but Marcellus alone, by speaking out frankly, had the strength to save the man. 7.32.49 For drawing the blame upon himself and insisting with all his might, he said that Germanus had told him what was going on most opportunely, but that he himself, being over-scrupulous about details, had reported it rather slowly. 7.32.50 And in this way he put an end to the emperor's anger. And this Marcellus won great glory for himself from this among all men, as one who laid claim to virtue in the most critical 7.32.51 moments. But the Emperor Justinian removed Artabanes from the office which he held, but did him no other injury, nor indeed to any of the others, except that he kept them all in custody, though without dishonour, in the Palace, however, not in the public prison. 7.33.1 Now during the time of this war the barbarians became undisputed masters of the entire West. And for the Romans the Gothic war, although at first they had been overwhelmingly victorious, as I have said before, turned out to this result, that not only were much money and many lives lost to them for no benefit, but also Italy was lost in addition, and the Illyrians and Thracians, almost all of them, lived to see their lands ravaged and destroyed without any order by the barbarians, since they had become their neighbours. And it happened thus. 7.33.2 At the beginning of this war, the Goths gave to the Germans all the parts of Gaul subject to them, thinking they would not be able to fight against both, 7.33.3 as was stated by me in the previous account. And not only did the Romans have no power to prevent this action, but the Emperor Justinian even sanctioned it for them, so that no opposition from these particular barbarians might confront him, now that he was embroiled in war. 7.33.4 For the Franks never thought they could possess Gaul with security unless the emperor should ratify this action, and as a result the rulers of the Germans got Massalia and the colony of the Phocaeans and all the coastal districts, 7.33.5 and they gained control of the sea in that region. And they sit in Arelatum watching the horse-races, and they have made a gold coinage from the mines in Gaul, not putting the stamp of the Roman emperor on this stater, as is the custom, but their 7.33.6 own image. And yet the king of the Persians is accustomed to make silver coinage as he wishes, but to stamp his own image on a gold stater is not lawful either for him or for any other king of all the barbarians, and this too though he is a master of gold, since they are not able to use this currency in their transactions, even if it happens that those they are dealing with are barbarians. These things, then, turned out in this way for the Franks. 7.33.7 But when the cause of the Goths and Totila became superior in the war, the Franks appropriated for themselves the greater part of Venetia without any justification, since neither the Romans were any longer able to defend it nor were the Goths able 7.33.8 to carry on the war against both. And the Gepids seized and held the city of Sirmium and almost all of Dacia, as soon as the Emperor Justinian took them away from the Goths; and they enslaved the Romans there, and furthermore, constantly advancing, they plundered, doing violence to the Roman empire. 7.33.9 For this reason, indeed, the emperor no longer gave them the subsidies which they had been accustomed from of old to receive from the Romans. 7.33.10 But the Emperor Justinian made a gift to the Lombards of a city of the Norici and the strongholds in Pannonia and

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γηται. οἱ μὲν οὖν ἐκ τῆς συγκλήτου εὐθὺς αὐτοῦ τε καὶ τοῦ παιδὸς ἀπεψηφίσαντο ἅπαντες ἅτε οὐδὲν εἰς 7.32.47 τὴν πολιτείαν ἡμαρτηκότων. ἐπεὶ δὲ εἴσω πάντες ἐν βασιλέως ἐγένοντο, αὐτὸς μὲν ὀξυθυμωθεὶς βασιλεὺς ἠγανάκτει τε καὶ ὑπερφυῶς ἐπὶ τὸν Γερμανὸν ἠγριαίνετο τὴν βραδυτῆτα τῆς δηλώσεως αἰτιώμενος, τῶν τε ἀρχόντων δύο μέν τινες θεραπεύοντες αὐτὸν ὡμολόγουν τὴν γνώμην, καὶ ξὺν αὐτῷ δυσφορουμένοις ἐῴκεσαν· ταύτῃ τε τὸν βασιλέως θυμὸν ἐπὶ μέγα ἐξῇρον, ἀλλοτρίας αὐτῷ χαριεῖσθαι συμφορὰς ἐν σπουδῇ 7.32.48 ἔχοντες. οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι κατεπτηχότες σιωπῇ εἴχοντο, τῷ μὴ ἀντιστατεῖν ἃ βούλοιτο ἐγχωροῦντες αὐτῷ· Μάρκελλος δὲ μόνος ὀρθοστομήσας διασώσασθαι τὸν ἄν7.32.49 θρωπον ἴσχυσε. τὴν γὰρ αἰτίαν ἐφ' ἑαυτὸν ἕλκων τε καὶ βιαζόμενος δυνάμει τῇ πάσῃ Γερμανὸν μέν οἱ ἐπικαιρότατα ἔφη τὰ πρασσόμενα ἐξειπεῖν, αὐτὸν δὲ περιέργως ἀκριβολογούμενον σχολαιότερον αὐτὰ μεμη7.32.50 νυκέναι. καὶ τὴν βασιλέως ὀργὴν οὕτω κατέπαυσε. μέγα τε ἀπ' αὐτοῦ κλέος οὗτος ὁ Μάρκελλος περιεβάλετο ἐς πάντας ἀνθρώπους ἅτε ἀρετῆς ἐν τοῖς 7.32.51 ἀναγκαιοτάτοις μεταποιούμενος. βασιλεὺς δὲ Ἰουστινιανὸς παρέλυσε τὸν Ἀρταβάνην ἧς εἶχεν ἀρχῆς, ἄλλο δὲ αὐτὸν εἰργάσατο οὐδὲν ἄχαρι, οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ τῶν ἄλλων οὐδένα, πλήν γε δὴ ὅτι ἅπαντας οὐ ξὺν ἀτιμίᾳ ἐν φυλακῇ ἔσχεν, ἐν Παλατίῳ μέντοι, οὐκ ἐν τῷ δημοσίῳ οἰκήματι. 7.33.1 Ὑπὸ δὲ τὸν χρόνον τοῦ πολέμου τόνδε κύριοι τῆς ἑσπερίας οἱ βάρβαροι διαρρήδην ἐγένοντο πάσης. τοῖς τε Ῥωμαίοις ὁ Γοτθικὸς πόλεμος, καίπερ τὰ πρῶτα κατὰ κράτος νενικηκόσιν, ὥσπερ μοι ἔμπροσθεν εἴρηται, ἐς τοῦτο ἀπεκρίθη, ὥστε οὐχ ὅσον σφίσι χρήματα καὶ σώματα ἐπ' οὐδεμιᾷ ὀνήσει διεφθάρθαι πολλὰ, ἀλλὰ καὶ Ἰταλίαν προσαπολέσθαι, καὶ Ἰλλυριούς τε καὶ Θρᾷκας σχεδόν τι ξύμπαντας ἐπιδεῖν πρὸς τῶν βαρβάρων ἅτε ὁμόρων γεγενημένων δηιουμένους τε καὶ διαφθειρομένους οὐδενὶ κόσμῳ. ἐγένετο δὲ ὧδε. 7.33.2 Γαλλίας μὲν ὅλας τὰς σφίσι κατηκόους κατ' ἀρχὰς τοῦδε τοῦ πολέμου Γερμανοῖς ἔδοσαν Γότθοι, οὐκ ἂν οἰόμενοι πρὸς ἑκατέρους ἀντιτάξασθαι οἷοί τε εἶναι, 7.33.3 ὥσπερ μοι ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν λόγοις ἐρρήθη. ταύτην τε τὴν πρᾶξιν οὐχ ὅπως οὐ διακωλύειν Ῥωμαῖοι ἔσχον, ἀλλὰ καὶ βασιλεὺς Ἰουστινιανὸς ἐπέρρωσε σφίσι, τοῦ μή τί οἱ ἐναντίωμα τούτων δὴ τῶν βαρβάρων ἐκπεπο7.33.4 λεμωμένων ὑπαντιάσαι. οὐ γάρ ποτε ᾤοντο Γαλλίας ξὺν τῷ ἀσφαλεῖ κεκτῆσθαι Φράγγοι, μὴ τοῦ αὐτοκράτορος τὸ ἔργον ἐπισφραγίσαντος τοῦτό γε, καὶ ἀπ' αὐτοῦ οἱ Γερμανῶν ἄρχοντες Μασαλίαν τε καὶ τὴν Φωκαέων ἀποικίαν καὶ ξύμπαντα τὰ ἐπιθαλάσσια χωρία 7.33.5 ἔσχον, θαλάσσης τε τῆς ἐκείνῃ ἐκράτησαν. καὶ κάθηνται μὲν ἐν τῇ Ἀρελάτῳ τὸν ἱππικὸν ἀγῶνα θεώμενοι, νόμισμα δὲ χρυσοῦν ἐκ τῶν ἐν Γάλλοις μετάλλων πεποίηνται, οὐ τοῦ Ῥωμαίων αὐτοκράτορος, ᾗπερ εἴθισται, χαρακτῆρα ἐνθέμενοι τῷ στατῆρι τούτῳ, ἀλλὰ τὴν 7.33.6 σφετέραν αὐτῶν εἰκόνα. καίτοι νόμισμα μὲν ἀργυροῦν ὁ Περσῶν βασιλεὺς ᾗ βούλοιτο ποιεῖν εἴωθε, χαρακτῆρα δὲ ἴδιον ἐμβαλέσθαι στατῆρι χρυσῷ οὔτε αὐτὸν θέμις οὔτε δὲ ἄλλον ὁντιναοῦν βασιλέα τῶν πάντων βαρβάρων, καὶ ταῦτα μᾶλλον ὄντα χρυσοῦ κύριον, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ τοῖς ξυμβάλλουσι προΐεσθαι τὸ νόμισμα τοῦτο οἷοί τέ εἰσιν, εἰ καὶ βαρβάρους τοὺς ξυμβάλλοντας εἶναι ξυμβαίνει. ταῦτα μὲν οὖν τῇδε Φράγγοις ἐχώρησεν. 7.33.7 Ἐπεὶ δὲ τὰ Γότθων τε καὶ Τουτίλα καθυπέρτερα τῷ πολέμῳ ἐγένετο, Φράγγοι Βενετίων τὰ πλεῖστα σφίσι προσεποιήσαντο οὐδενὶ λόγῳ, οὔτε Ῥωμαίων δυναμένων ἔτι ἀμύνεσθαι οὔτε Γότθων οἵων τε ὄντων 7.33.8 τὸν πόλεμον πρὸς ἑκατέρους διενεγκεῖν. Γήπαιδες δὲ πόλιν τε Σίρμιον καὶ ∆ακίας ἐκ τοῦ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἁπάσας καταλαβόντες ἔσχον, ἐπειδὴ τάχιστα βασιλεὺς αὐτὰς Ἰουστινιανὸς ἀφείλετο Γότθους· ἐξηνδραπόδισάν τε τοὺς ταύτῃ Ῥωμαίους, ἔτι μέντοι ἐπίπροσθεν ἀεὶ ὁδῷ ἰόντες ἐληΐζοντο βιαζόμενοι τὴν Ῥωμαίων ἀρχήν. 7.33.9 διὸ δὴ βασιλεὺς αὐτοῖς τὰς συντάξεις οὐκέτι ἐδίδου, ἅσπερ εἴθιστο σφᾶς ἀνέκαθεν πρὸς Ῥωμαίων κομίζε7.33.10 σθαι. Λαγγοβάρδας δὲ βασιλεὺς Ἰουστινιανὸς ἐδωρήσατο Νωρικῶν τε πόλει καὶ τοῖς ἐπὶ Παννονίας ὀχυρώμασί τε