Chapter XCVI.

We ought to take note, however, that the power of foreknowing the future is by no means a proof of divinity; for in itself it is a thing indifferent, and is found occurring amongst both good and bad.  Physicians, at any rate, by means of their professional skill foreknow certain things, although their character may happen to be bad.  And in the same way also pilots, although perhaps wicked men, are able to foretell the signs991    ἐπισημασίας. (of good or bad weather), and the approach of violent tempests of wind, and atmospheric changes,992    τροπάς. because they gather this knowledge from experience and observation, although I do not suppose that on that account any one would term them “gods” if their characters happened to be bad.  The assertion, then, of Celsus is false, when he says:  “What could be called more divine than the power of foreknowing and foretelling the future?”  And so also is this, that “many of the animals claim to have ideas of God;” for none of the irrational animals possess any idea of God.  And wholly false, too, is his assertion, that “the irrational animals are nearer the society of God (than men),” when even men who are still in a state of wickedness, however great their progress in knowledge, are far removed from that society.  It is, then, those alone who are truly wise and sincerely religious who are nearer to God’s society; such persons as were our prophets, and Moses, to the latter of whom, on account of his exceeding purity, the Scripture said:  “Moses alone shall come near the Lord, but the rest shall not come nigh.”993    Cf. Ex. xxiv. 2.

Χρὴ δ' εἰδέναι ὅτι τὸ τὰ μέλλοντα προγινώσκειν οὐ πάντως θεῖόν ἐστι· καθ' αὑτὸ γὰρ μέσον ἐστὶ καὶ πῖπτον εἰς φαύλους καὶ ἀστείους. Καὶ ἰατροὶ γοῦν ἀπὸ ἰατρικῆς προγινώσκουσί τινα, κἂν φαῦλοι τὸ ἦθος τυγχάνωσιν· οὕτω δὲ καὶ κυβερνῆται, κἂν μοχθηροὶ τυγχάνωσιν ὄντες, προγινώσκουσιν ἐπισημασίας καὶ ἀνέμων σφοδρότητας καὶ τροπὰς περὶ τὸ περιέχον ἔκ τινος πείρας καὶ τηρήσεως· καὶ οὐ δή που παρὰ τοῦτο θείους τις αὐτοὺς εἶναι φήσει, ἂν τύχωσι μοχθηροὶ εἶναι τὸ ἦθος· ψεῦδος οὖν τὸ παρὰ τῷ Κέλσῳ λεγόμενον, τό· Τί ἂν φαίη τις θειότερον τοῦ τὰ μέλλοντα προγινώσκειν τε καὶ προδηλοῦν; Ψεῦδος δὲ καὶ τὸ πολλὰ τῶν ζῴων ἀντιποιεῖσθαι θείας ἐννοίας· οὐδὲν γὰρ τῶν ἀλόγων ἔννοιαν ἔχει τοῦ θεοῦ. Ψεῦδος δὲ καὶ τὸ ἐγγυτέρω τῆς θείας ὁμιλίας εἶναι τὰ ἄλογα ζῷα· ὅπου γε καὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων οἱ ἔτι φαῦλοι, κἂν ἐπ' ἄκρον προκόπτωσι, πόρρω εἰσὶ τῆς θείας ὁμιλίας. Μόνοι δὴ ἄρα οἱ κατὰ ἀλήθειαν σοφοὶ καὶ ἀψευδῶς εὐσεβεῖς ἐγγυτέρω τῆς θείας ὁμιλίας εἰσίν· ὁποῖοί εἰσιν οἱ καθ' ἡμᾶς προφῆται καὶ Μωϋσῆς, ᾧ μεμαρτύρηκε διὰ τὴν πολλὴν καθαρότητα ὁ λόγος εἰπών· "Ἐγγιεῖ Μωϋσῆς μόνος πρὸς τὸν θεόν, οἱ δὲ λοιποὶ οὐκ ἐγγιοῦσι."