Origen of Alexandria, Against Celsus

But since he has ridiculed at great length the doctrine of the resurrection of the flesh, which has been preached in the Churches, and which is more clearly understood by the more intelligent believer; and as it is unnecessary again to quote his words, which have been already adduced, let us, with regard to the problem1069 περὶ τοῦ προβλήματος τούτου. (as in an apologetic work directed against an alien from the faith, and for the sake of those who are still “children, tossed to and fro, and carried about with every wind of doctrine, by the sleight of men, and cunning craftiness, whereby they lie in wait to deceive”1070 Cf. Eph. iv. 14.), state and establish to the best of our ability a few points expressly intended for our readers. Neither we, then, nor the holy Scriptures, assert that with the same bodies, without a change to a higher condition, “shall those who were long dead arise from the earth and live again;” for in so speaking, Celsus makes a false charge against us. For we may listen to many passages of Scripture treating of the resurrection in a manner worthy of God, although it may suffice for the present to quote the language of Paul from the first Epistle to the Corinthians, where he says: “But some man will say, How are the dead raised up? and with what body do they come? Thou fool, that which thou sowest is not quickened, except it die. And that which thou sowest, thou sowest not that body that shall be, but bare grain, it may chance of wheat, or of some other grain; but God giveth it a body as it hath pleased Him, and to every seed his own body.”1071 Cf. 1 Cor. xv. 35–38. Now, observe how in these words he says that there is sown, “not that body that shall be;” but that of the body which is sown and cast naked into the earth (God giving to each seed its own body), there takes place as it were a resurrection: from the seed that was cast into the ground there arising a stalk, e.g., among such plants as the following, viz., the mustard plant, or of a larger tree, as in the olive,1072 ἐν ἐλαίας πυρῆνι. or one of the fruit-trees.

Ἐπεὶ δ' ἐπὶ πλέον κεκωμῴδηκε τὴν κεκηρυγμένην μὲν τῆς σαρκὸς ἀνάστασιν ἐν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις ὑπὸ δὲ τῶν συνετωτέρων τρανότερον νενοημένην, καὶ οὐ χρὴ αὖθις ἐκτίθεσθαι τὴν λέξιν αὐτοῦ ἅπαξ προειρημένην· φέρε καὶ περὶ τοῦ προβλήματος τούτου, ὡς ἐν τῇ πρὸς ἀλλότριον τῆς πίστεως ἀπολογίᾳ γραφομένῃ διὰ τοὺς ἔτι νηπίους καὶ κλυδωνιζομένους καὶ περιφερομένους "παντὶ ἀνέμῳ διδασ καλίας ἐν τῇ κυβείᾳ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, πρὸς τὴν μεθοδίαν τῆς πλάνης", ὀλίγα ἐστοχασμένως τῶν ἐντευξομένων κατὰ τὸ δυνατὸν ἡμῖν ἐκθώμεθα καὶ παραστήσωμεν. Οὔτε μὲν οὖν ἡμεῖς οὔτε τὰ θεῖα γράμματα αὐταῖς φησι σαρξί, μηδεμίαν μεταβολὴν ἀνειληφυίαις τὴν ἐπὶ τὸ βέλτιον, ζήσεσθαι τοὺς πάλαι ἀποθανόντας, ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς ἀναδύντας· ὁ δὲ Κέλσος ἡμᾶς συκοφαντεῖ ταῦτα λέγων. Ἀκούομεν γὰρ καὶ πολλῶν γραφῶν περὶ ἀναστάσεως ἀξίως θεοῦ λεγουσῶν, ἀρκεῖ δ' ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος τὴν Παύλου παραθέσθαι ἀπὸ τῆς πρὸς Κορινθίους προτέρας λέξιν, φάσκοντος· "Ἀλλ' ἐρεῖ τις· Πῶς ἐγείρονται οἱ νεκροί; Ποίῳ δὲ σώματι ἔρχονται; Ἄφρον, σὺ ὃ σπείρεις οὐ ζωοποιεῖται, ἐὰν μὴ ἀποθάνῃ· καὶ ὃ σπείρεις, οὐ τὸ σῶμα τὸ γενησόμενον σπείρεις ἀλλὰ γυμνὸν κόκκον, εἰ τύχοι, σίτου ἤ τινος τῶν λοιπῶν· ὁ δὲ θεὸς δίδωσιν αὐτῷ σῶμα, καθὼς ἠθέλησε, καὶ ἑκάστῳ τῶν σπερμάτων ἴδιον σῶμα." Ὅρα γὰρ τίνα τρόπον ἐν τούτοις "οὐ τὸ γενησόμενον σῶμά" φησι σπείρεσθαι, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τοῦ σπειρομένου καὶ γυμνοῦ βαλλομένου ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν λέγει διδόντος τοῦ θεοῦ "ἑκάστῳ τῶν σπερμάτων ἴδιον σῶμα" οἱονεὶ ἀνάστασιν γίνεσθαι, ἀπὸ τοῦ καταβεβλημένου σπέρ ματος ἐγειρομένου στάχυος ἐν τοῖς τοιοῖσδε, [δένδρου δὲ ἐν τοῖς τοιοῖσδε] οἱονεὶ ἐν νάπυϊ, ἢ ἔτι μείζονος δένδρου ἐν ἐλαίας πυρῆνι ἤ τινι τῶν ἀκροδρύων.