Chapter XXVI.

“We must,” he says, “observe the laws, not only because it has occurred to the mind of others to decide some things differently, but because it is a duty to protect what has been enacted for the public advantage, and also because, in all probability, the various quarters of the earth were from the beginning allotted to different superintending spirits, and were distributed among certain governing powers, and in this manner the administration of the world is carried on.”  Thus Celsus, as if he had forgotten what he had said against the Jews, now includes them in the general eulogy which he passes upon all who observe their ancestral customs, remarking:  “And whatever is done among each nation in this way, would be rightly done whenever agreeable to the wishes (of the superintendents).”  And observe here, whether he does not openly, so far as he can, express a wish that the Jew should live in the observance of his own laws, and not depart from them, because he would commit an act of impiety if he apostatized; for his words are:  “It would be an act of impiety to get rid of the institutions established from the beginning in the various places.”  Now I should like to ask him, and those who entertain his views, who it was that distributed the various quarters of the earth from the beginning among the different superintending spirits; and especially, who gave the country of the Jews, and the Jewish people themselves, to the one or more superintendents to whom it was allotted?  Was it, as Celsus would say, Jupiter who assigned the Jewish people and their country to a certain spirit or spirits?  And was it his wish, to whom they were thus assigned, to enact among them the laws which prevail, or was it against his will that it was done?  You will observe that, whatever be his answer, he is in a strait.  But if the various quarters of the earth were not allotted by some one being to the various superintending spirits, then each one at random, and without the superintendence of a higher power, divided the earth according to chance; and yet such a view is absurd, and destructive in no small degree of the providence of the God who presides over all things.

Καὶ χρή, φησί, τοὺς νόμους τηρεῖν, οὐ μόνον καθότι ἐπὶ νοῦν ἦλθεν ἄλλοις ἄλλως νομίσαι καὶ ὅτι δεῖ φυλάσσειν τὰ ἐς κοινὸν κεκυρωμένα, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὅτι ὡς εἰκὸς τὰ μέρη τῆς γῆς ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἄλλα ἄλλοις ἐπόπταις νενεμημένα καὶ κατά τινας ἐπικρατείας διειλημμένα ταύτῃ καὶ διοικεῖται. Εἶθ' ὡσπερεὶ ἐπιλαθόμενος ὁ Κέλσος ὧν εἶπε κατὰ Ἰουδαίων, νῦν ἐν τῷ καθολικῷ περὶ πάντων τῶν τὰ πάτρια τηρούντων ἐπαίνῳ καὶ τούτους περιλαμβάνει λέγων· Καὶ δὴ τὰ παρ' ἑκάστοις ὀρθῶς ἂν πράττοιτο ταύτῃ δρώμενα, ὅπῃ ἐκείνοις φίλον. Καὶ ὅρα εἰ μὴ ἄντικρυς τὸ ὅσον ἐφ' ἑαυτῷ τὸν Ἰουδαῖον ἐν τοῖς ἰδίοις νόμοις βούλεται βιοῦντα μὴ ἀφίστασθαι αὐτῶν, ὡς οὐχ ὅσιον πράττοντα, ἐὰν ἀποστῇ· λέγει γὰρ ὅτι παραλύειν οὐχ ὅσιον εἶναι τὰ ἐξ ἀρχῆς κατὰ τόπους νενομισμένα. Ἐβουλόμην δὲ πρὸς ταῦτα αὐτοῦ ἢ τῶν συμφρονούντων αὐτῷ πυθέσθαι, τίς ἄρα εἴη ὁ τὰ μέρη τῆς γῆς ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἄλλα ἄλλοις ἐπόπταις διανείμας καὶ δηλονότι τὴν Ἰουδαίων χώραν καὶ τοὺς Ἰουδαίους τῷ λαχόντι ἢ τοῖς λαχοῦσιν αὐτήν. Ἆρα γάρ, ὡς ὀνομάσαι ἂν ὁ Κέλσος, ὁ Ζεύς τινι ἤ τισι διένειμε τὸ Ἰουδαίων ἔθνος καὶ τὴν χώραν αὐτῶν καὶ ἐβούλετο τὸν λαχόντα τὴν Ἰουδαίαν τοιούτους θέσθαι ἐν Ἰουδαίοις νόμους; Ἢ παρὰ τὸ βούλημα αὐτοῦ τὸ τοιοῦτον γεγένηται; Ὡς δ' ἂν ἀποκρίνηται, ὁρᾷς ὅτι ὁ λόγος στενοχω ρηθήσεται. Εἰ δὲ μὴ ἀπό τινος ἑνὸς διανενέμηται τὰ μέρη τῆς γῆς τοῖς ἐπόπταις αὐτῶν, ἄρα ἀποκληρωτικῶς καὶ χωρὶς ἐπιστάτου ἕκαστος ὡς ἔτυχε διενείματο τὴν γῆν· ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦτ' ἄτοπον καὶ μετρίως τῆς τοῦ ἐπὶ πᾶσι θεοῦ προνοίας ἀναιρετικόν ἐστι.