Origen of Alexandria, Against Celsus

It appears to me, indeed, that Celsus has misunderstood some of the deeper reasons relating to the arrangement of terrestrial affairs, some of which are touched upon1099 ἐφάπτεται. even in Grecian history, when certain of those who are considered to be gods are introduced as having contended with each other about the possession of Attica; while in the writings of the Greek poets also, some who are called gods are represented as acknowledging that certain places here are preferred by them1100 οἰκειοτέρους. before others. The history of barbarian nations, moreover, and especially that of Egypt, contains some such allusions to the division of the so-called Egyptian homes, when it states that Athena, who obtained Saïs by lot, is the same who also has possession of Attica. And the learned among the Egyptians can enumerate innumerable instances of this kind, although I do not know whether they include the Jews and their country in this division. And now, so far as testimonies outside the word of God bearing on this point are concerned, enough have been adduced for the present. We say, moreover, that our prophet of God and His genuine servant Moses, in his song in the book of Deuteronomy, makes a statement regarding the portioning out of the earth in the following terms: “When the Most High divided the nations, when He dispersed the sons of Adam, He set the bounds of the people according to the number of the angels of God; and the portion was His people Jacob, and Israel the cord of His inheritance.”1101 Cf. Deut. xxxii. 8, 9 (LXX.). And regarding the distribution of the nations, the same Moses, in his work entitled Genesis, thus expresses himself in the style of a historical narrative: “And the whole earth was of one language and of one speech; and it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar, and they dwelt there.”1102 Cf. Gen. xi. 1, 2. A little further on he continues: “And the Lord came down to see the city and the tower, which the children of men had built. And the Lord said, Behold, the people is one, and they have all one language; and this they have begun to do: and now nothing will be restrained from them which they have imagined to do. Go to, let Us go down, and there confound their language, that they may not understand one another’s speech. And the Lord scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth: and they left off to build the city and the tower. Therefore is the name of it called Confusion;1103 σύγχυσις. because the Lord did there confound the language of all the earth: and from thence did the Lord scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth.”1104 Cf. Gen. xi. 5–9. In the treatise of Solomon, moreover, on “Wisdom,” and on the events at the time of the confusion of languages, when the division of the earth took place, we find the following regarding Wisdom: “Moreover, the nations in their wicked conspiracy being confounded, she found out the righteous, and preserved him blameless unto God, and kept him strong in his tender compassion towards his son.”1105 Cf. Wisd. of Sol. x. 5. But on these subjects much, and that of a mystical kind, might be said; in keeping with which is the following: “It is good to keep close the secret of a king,”1106 Cf. Tobit xii. 7.—in order that the doctrine of the entrance of souls into bodies (not, however, that of the transmigration from one body into another) may not be thrown before the common understanding, nor what is holy given to the dogs, nor pearls be cast before swine. For such a procedure would be impious, being equivalent to a betrayal of the mysterious declarations of God’s wisdom, of which it has been well said: “Into a malicious soul wisdom shall not enter, nor dwell in a body subject to sin.”1107 Cf. Wisd. of Sol. i. 4. It is sufficient, however, to represent in the style of a historic narrative what is intended to convey a secret meaning in the garb of history, that those who have the capacity may work out for themselves all that relates to the subject. (The narrative, then, may be understood as follows.)

∆οκεῖ δή μοι παρακηκοέναι τινῶν ὁ Κέλσος περὶ τῆς διανεμήσεως τῶν ἐπὶ γῆς μυστικωτέρων λόγων, ὧν ἐφάπτεται μέν πως καὶ ἡ ἑλληνικὴ ἱστορία, εἰσαγαγοῦσά τινας τῶν νομιζομένων θεῶν περὶ τῆς Ἀττικῆς πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἡμιλλῆσ θαι, ποιοῦσα δὲ παρὰ τοῖς ποιηταῖς τινας τῶν λεγομένων θεῶν ὁμολογεῖν τινας τόπους οἰκειοτέρους αὐτοῖς. Καὶ ἡ βαρβαρικὴ δὲ ἱστορία καὶ μάλιστα ἡ Αἰγυπτίων τοιαῦτά τινα ἐμφαίνει περὶ τοῦ μερισμοῦ τῶν τῆς Αἰγύπτου καλου μένων νομῶν, λέγουσα ὅτι ἡ λαχοῦσα τὴν Σάϊν Ἀθηνᾶ ἡ αὐτὴ ἔχει καὶ τὴν Ἀττικήν. Αἰγυπτίων δὲ οἱ λόγιοι μυρία ὅσα τοιαῦτα φήσουσιν, οὐκ οἶδα δ' εἰ καὶ Ἰουδαίους συμπαρα λαμβάνοντες καὶ τὴν χώραν αὐτῶν τῇ πρός τινα διανεμήσει. Ἀλλὰ περὶ μὲν τῶν ἔξω τοῦ θείου λόγου λεγομένων εἰς ταῦτα ἅλις ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος. Φαμὲν δ' ὅτι ὁ καθ' ἡμᾶς προφήτης τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ γνήσιος θεράπων αὐτοῦ Μωϋσῆς ἐν τῇ τοῦ ∆ευτερονομίου ᾠδῇ ἐκτίθεται περὶ τοῦ μερισμοῦ τῶν ἐπὶ γῆς τοιαῦτα λέγων· "Ὅτε διεμέριζεν ὁ ὕψιστος ἔθνη, ὡς διέσπειρεν υἱοὺς Ἀδάμ, ἔστησεν ὅρια ἐθνῶν κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ἀγγέλων θεοῦ, καὶ ἐγενήθη μερὶς κυρίου λαὸς αὐτοῦ Ἰακώβ, σχοίνισμα κληρο νομίας αὐτοῦ Ἰσραήλ." Τὰ δὲ περὶ τῆς διανεμήσεως τῶν ἐθνῶν ὁ αὐτὸς Μωϋσῆς ἐν τῷ ἐπιγεγραμμένῳ βιβλίῳ Γένεσις ἐν ἱστορίας τρόπῳ φησὶν οὕτως· "Καὶ ἦν πᾶσα ἡ γῆ χεῖλος ἕν, καὶ φωνὴ μία πᾶσι. Καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ κινῆσαι αὐτοὺς ἀπ' ἀνατολῶν εὗρον πεδίον ἐν γῇ Σενναάρ, καὶ κατῴκησαν ἐκεῖ"· καὶ μετ' ὀλίγα· "Κατέβη, φησί, κύριος ἰδεῖν τὴν πόλιν καὶ τὸν πύργον, ὃν ᾠκοδόμησαν οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων. Καὶ εἶπε κύριος· Ἰδοὺ γένος ἓν καὶ χεῖλος ἓν πάντων· καὶ τοῦτο ἤρξαντο ποιῆσαι, καὶ νῦν οὐκ ἐκλείψει ἀπ' αὐτῶν πάντα, ὅσα ἂν ἐπιθῶνται ποιεῖν· δεῦτε καὶ καταβάντες συγχέωμεν ἐκεῖ τὴν γλῶσσαν αὐτῶν, ἵνα μὴ ἀκούσωσιν ἕκαστος τὴν φωνὴν τοῦ πλησίον αὐτοῦ. Καὶ διέσπειρεν αὐτοὺς κύριος ἐκεῖθεν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον πάσης τῆς γῆς, καὶ ἐπαύσαντο οἰκοδομοῦντες τὴν πόλιν καὶ τὸν πύργον. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ἐκλήθη τὸ ὄνομα αὐτῆς Σύγχυσις, ὅτι ἐκεῖ συνέχεε κύριος ὁ θεὸς τὰ χείλη πάσης τῆς γῆς, κἀκεῖθεν διέσπειρεν αὐτοὺς κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἐπὶ πρόσωπον πάσης τῆς γῆς." Καὶ ἐν τῇ ἐπιγεγραμμένῃ δὲ Σολομῶντος Σοφίᾳ περὶ τῆς σοφίας καὶ τῶν κατὰ τὴν σύγχυσιν τῶν διαλέκτων, ἐν ᾗ γεγένηται ὁ μερισμὸς τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, τοιαῦτα περὶ τῆς σοφίας εἴρηται· "Αὕτη καὶ ἐν ὁμονοίᾳ πονηρίας ἐθνῶν συγχυθέντων ἔγνω τὸν δίκαιον, καὶ ἐφύλαξεν αὐτὸν ἄμεμπτον τῷ θεῷ καὶ ἐπὶ τέκνου σπλάγχνοις ἰσχυρὸν ἐφύλαξε." Πολὺς δ' ὁ λόγος καὶ μυστικὸς ὁ περὶ τούτων, ᾧ ἁρμόζει τό· "Μυστήριον βασιλέως κρύπτειν καλόν"· ἵνα μὴ εἰς τὰς τυχούσας ἀκοὰς ὁ περὶ ψυχῶν οὐκ ἐκ μετενσωματώσεως εἰς σῶμα ἐνδουμένων λόγος ῥιπτῆται, μηδὲ τὰ ἅγια διδῶται "τοῖς κυσί", μηδ' οἱ μαργαρῖται παραβάλλωνται χοίροις. Ἀσεβὲς γὰρ τὸ τοιοῦτο, προδοσίαν περιέχον τῶν ἀπορρήτων τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ σοφίας λογίων, περὶ ἧς καλῶς γέγραπται· "Εἰς κακότεχνον ψυχὴν οὐκ εἰσελεύσεται σοφία οὐδὲ κατοικήσει ἐν σώματι κατάχρεῳ ἁμαρτίας." Ἀρκεῖ δὲ τὰ κεκρυμμένως ὡς ἐν ἱστορίας τρόπῳ εἰρημένα κατὰ τὸν τῆς ἱστορίας παραστῆσαι τρόπον, ἵν' οἱ δυνάμενοι ἑαυτοῖς ἐπεξεργάσωνται τὰ κατὰ τὸν τόπον.