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of penance it is not possible to subject one in a defined way because of the quality both of the person and the manner; so that the one being penanced should be content with two or three forty-day periods. Question. Concerning presbyters, likewise ordained by the orthodox and through ignorance having eaten with presbyters who had eaten with the same metropolitan. Answer. It is written, everything in ignorance will be cleansed; so they are free from all penance. Question. Concerning orthodox presbyters, namely Hilarion and the monk Eustratius, if they have authority to give penances. Answer. It has been said also in the preceding that it is necessary to give them. But since the question indicates whether one who does not have the priesthood must also give them, due to a lack of presbyters and the faith of the one approaching, it is not unreasonable for a simple monk to also give penances. Question. Concerning a monk, who received the sacred schema through ignorance from a presbyter ordained by a deposed person. Answer. It has been said in another chapter that everything done in ignorance will be cleansed. and it is not permitted to turn away from dining with such a person, and in other matters the agreement, likewise making friendship. These things we have explained to you as far as possible, as to a kindred spirit and fellow-sufferer, and may you safely impart them to the brothers who have asked; for not all have faith, nor have such things been expressed to many, not only because of the folly of those who have transgressed, but also because of the temptations of those in power. In return for the many and fine missions which the most devout have sent, may they receive from God their worthy reward, and these two soft cloths as a remembrance of friendship. Farewell in the Lord, most honored ones, praying for us sinners for the better things that pertain to salvation. 550 {1To John the cleric}1 We have accepted the gift of your love, most genuine friend; but as for the request, which you asked concerning this, if you happen to dine with heretics, to know the penance, we say this, that for every sin, worthy repentance has forgiveness, but it is not permitted before the sin to set penances and thereby open the door to sin; for neither if you ask, "4if I happen to commit fornication, though I do not wish to, what is the penance?"5, must I answer you this (for it becomes an encouragement to sin), but this must be answered: do not commit the sin nor strike your foot against a stone, either spiritually or physically; but when you do strike it, then the physician gives the healing remedy to the one who asks and repents. I have written these things to you with much attention, praying that you, beloved, be delivered from every evil. 551 {1To Thomais the virgin}1 I received with great joy the proposal of your honor through the living voice of the most honored lord chief physician, as it was addressed by one who is a relative and a lover of God. And I do not refuse at times to learn what is hidden even from a woman, though I do not think I have been ignorant of the veneration concerning the holy icons, how it ought to be. We, therefore, O most honored one, to leave aside speaking of other things for the present, venerate the icon of our Lord Jesus Christ in the same way as our Lord Jesus Christ himself. But this "4as"5 is of likeness, but not of confirmation; for otherwise it would not be an icon of Christ, but Christ himself. But indeed it is an icon of Christ and in his icon he has been venerated and is shown as one thing in another; for Chrysostom says, I saw an angel in an icon, and Gregory the Theologian again, of her Polemon was leaning over in an icon. Therefore Christ in his own icon is both seen and venerated; but although it is by way of likeness, nevertheless, because he himself is venerated and he himself is worshiped, his icon is not to be worshiped, since there is nothing different between an icon and its prototype; and yet these are two in the difference of their essence, not in the similarity of their hypostasis. Then too, if the Trinity alone is worshiped, how could the icon also be worshiped? For it will be found

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ἐπιτιμίου οὐ δυνατὸν ὡρισμένως ὑποβάλλειν διὰ ποιότητα καὶ προσώπου καὶ τρόπου· ὥστε ἐν δυσὶν ἢ τρισὶ τεσσαρακοσταῖς ἀρκεῖσθαι τὸν ἐπιτιμηθέντα. Ἐρώτησις. περὶ πρεσβυτέρων, ὁμοίως ὑπὸ ὀρθοδόξων χειροτονηθέντων καὶ κατὰ ἄγνοιαν συμφαγόντων μετὰ πρεσβυτέρων βεβρωκότων μετὰ τοῦ αὐτοῦ μητροπολίτου. Ἀπόκρισις. γέγραπται, πᾶν τὸ ἐν ἀγνοίᾳ καθαρισθήσεται· ὥστε ἀνένοχοί εἰσι παντὸς ἐπιτιμίου. Ἐρώτησις. περὶ πρεσβυτέρων ὀρθοδόξων, ἤγουν Ἱλαρίωνος καὶ Εὐστρατίου μοναχοῦ, ἂν ἔχωσιν ἐξουσίαν τοῦ διδόναι ἐπιτίμια. Ἀπόκρισις. προείρηται κἀν τοῖς ἀνωτέρω ὅτι χρὴ διδόναι. ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐμφαίνει ἡ ἐρώτησις εἰ δεῖ καὶ τὸν μὴ ἔχοντα ἱερωσύνην διδόναι κατὰ ἀπορίαν πρεσβυτέρων καὶ πίστιν τοῦ προσιόντος, οὐκ ἔξω τοῦ εἰκότος καὶ τὸν ἁπλῶς μοναχὸν ἐπιτίμια διδόναι. Ἐρώτησις. περὶ μονάζοντος, τοῦ λαβόντος τὸ ἱερὸν σχῆμα κατὰ ἄγνοιαν ἀπὸ πρεσβυτέρου χειροτονηθέντος ὑπὸ καθῃρημένου. Ἀπόκρισις. εἴρηται ἐν ἑτέρῳ κεφαλαίῳ ὅτι πᾶν τὸ κατὰ ἄγνοιαν καθαρισθήσεται. καὶ οὐκ ἐξὸν ἀποστρέφεσθαι τὴν μετὰ τοῦ τοιούτου συνεστίασιν καὶ ἐπὶ ἄλλων τὴν σύμβασιν, ποιούντων ὁμοίως καὶ φιλίαν. Ταῦτά σοι μὲν ὡς συμψύχῳ καὶ συμπόνῳ ἡμεῖς κατὰ τὸ ἐφικτὸν ἀνεπτύξαμεν, αὐτὸς δὲ μεταδοίης ἀσφαλῶς τοῖς ἐπερωτήσασιν ἀδελφοῖς· οὐ γὰρ πάντων ἡ πίστις οὐδὲ πολλοῖς ἐκπέφρασται τὰ τοιάδε, οὐ μόνον διὰ τὴν ἄνοιαν τῶν ἀνομησάντων, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ τοὺς πειρασμοὺς τῶν κρατούντων. ἀνθ' ὧν δὲ οἱ εὐλαβέστατοι ἀπεστάλκασιν ἀποστολῶν πολλῶν τε καὶ καλῶν ἀμείψοιντο παρὰ θεοῦ τὴν ἀξίαν μισθαποδοσίαν καὶ τάδε δύο μαλακίσκια εἰς ὑπόμνημα φιλίας. ἔρρωσθε ἐν Κυρίῳ, τιμιώτατοι, προσευχόμενοι ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν τὰ κρείττονα καὶ ἐχόμενα σωτηρίας. 550 {1Ἰωάννῃ κληρικῷ}1 Τὸ μὲν τῆς ἀγάπης σου δῶρον ἀπεδεξάμεθα, φίλε γνησιώτατε· τὸ δὲ αἴτημα, ὅπερ ᾐτήσω πρὸς τό, ἐὰν φθάσῃς συνεστιαθῆναι αἱρετικοῖς, εἰδέναι τὸ ἐπιτίμιον, ἐκεῖνο λέγομεν, ὅτι ἐπὶ παντὸς ἁμαρτήματος ἡ ἀξιόλογος μετάνοια τὴν συγχώρησιν ἔχει, οὐ μὴν πρὸ τοῦ ἁμαρτήματος ἔξεστιν ἐπιτίμια τιθέναι καὶ ἀνοίγειν ἐντεῦθεν τὴν θύραν τῆς ἁμαρτίας· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐὰν ἐρωτήσῃς "4εἰ φθάσω πορνεῦσαι ὡς οὐ βούλομαι, τί τὸ ἐπιτίμιον;"5, χρή με ἀποκριθῆναί σοι τόδε (προτροπὴ γὰρ γίνεται τοῦ ἁμαρτεῖν), ἀλλὰ τοῦτο ἀποκριτέον· μὴ ποιῆσαι τὴν ἁμαρτίαν μηδὲ προσκόψαι πρὸς λίθον τὸν πόδα καὶ νοητῶς καὶ αἰσθητῶς· ὅταν δὲ προσκόψῃς, τότε ὁ ἰατρὸς παρακαλοῦντι καὶ μετανοοῦντι ἐπιδίδωσι τὸ θεραπευτικὸν ἴαμα. Ταῦτά σοι γέγραφα σὺν πολλῇ προσοχῇ, εὐχόμενος ῥυσθῆναί σε, ἠγαπημένε, ἀπὸ παντὸς κακοῦ. 551 {1Θωμαΐδι παρθενευούσῃ}1 Περιχαρῶς ἐδεξάμην τὴν πρότασιν τῆς τιμιότητός σου διὰ φωνῆς ζώσης τοῦ ὑπερτίμου κυρίου ἀρχιητροῦ, ἅτε παρὰ συγγενοῦς καὶ θεοφιλοῦς προσφωνηθείσης. καὶ οὐκ ἀπαναίνομαι καὶ παρὰ γυναικὸς μανθάνειν ἔσθ' ὅτε τὸ λανθάνον, οὐ μὴν δοκῶ ἠγνοηκέναι τὴν περὶ τῶν σεπτῶν εἰκόνων προσκύνησιν, ὅπως ὀφείλει εἶναι. ἡμεῖς τοιγαροῦν, ὦ τιμιωτάτη, ἵνα περὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἐάσω τὸ παρὸν λέγειν, τὴν εἰκόνα τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ οὕτως προσκυνοῦμεν, ὡς αὐτὸν τὸν Κύριον ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν. τὸ δὲ "4ὡς"5 τοῦτο ὁμοιώσεώς ἐστιν, ἀλλ' οὐ βεβαιώσεως· ἦ γὰρ ἂν οὐκ εἰκὼν Χριστοῦ, ἀλλ' αὐτὸς Χριστός ἐστιν. ἀλλὰ μὴν εἰκὼν Χριστοῦ ἐστι καὶ ἐν τῇ αὐτοῦ εἰκόνι προσκεκύνηται καὶ ὡς ἕτερον ἐν ἑτέρῳ δέδεικται· φησὶ γὰρ ὁ Χρυ σόστομος, εἶδον ἄγγελον ἐν εἰκόνι, καὶ ὁ Θεολόγος Γρηγόριος πάλιν, τῆς δ' ἦν ὑπερκύπτων Πολέμων ἐν εἰκόνι. οὐκοῦν καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ἐν τῇ οἰκείᾳ εἰκόνι καὶ ὁρώμενός ἐστι καὶ προσκυνούμενος· ἀλλ' εἰ καὶ ὁμοιωματικῶς, ὅμως, ὅτι αὐτὸς προσκυνεῖται καὶ αὐτὸς λατρεύεται, οὐ μὴν ἡ εἰκὼν αὐτοῦ λατρευτή, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲν διάφορον εἰκόνος καὶ πρωτοτύπου· καίτοι γε ταῦτα δύο τῇ διαφορότητι τῆς οὐσίας, οὐ τῇ ὁμοιότητι τῆς ὑποστάσεως. ἔπειτα καί, εἰ ἡ Τριὰς μόνη ἐστὶ λατρευομένη, πῶς δύναιτ' ἂν καὶ ἡ εἰκὼν λατρεύεσθαι; εὑρεθήσεται γὰρ