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will properly make an inversion, using those things by which it previously sinned for the generation and subsistence of virtues.

59. The holy Gospel introduces a denial of carnal life, and a confession of spiritual life. I speak concerning these things, of those who are always dying according to the human being—I mean, human life in the flesh in this age—but living according to God in the Spirit alone, according to the divine Apostle and those with him, who in no way live their own life, but have Christ living in them according to the soul alone. Thus those who for God’s sake in this age are dead in the flesh are judged, having many afflictions and torments and hardships, and persecutions, and enduring with joy countless kinds of trials.

60. Every passion is constituted by an entanglement of some sensible object and sensation, and a natural power—I mean, perhaps, of anger, or desire, or of the principle turned aside from what is according to nature. If, therefore, the intellect, having contemplated the goal of their composite relationship to one another—of the sensible object, of sensation, and of the natural power dependent on it—is able to distinguish and lead each of these back to its own natural principle, and to contemplate the sensible object in itself, without its relation to sensation, and sensation without the affinity of the sensible object for it; and desire, for instance, or some other of the natural powers, without the passionate disposition toward sensation and the sensible object; just as the movement that prepares the contemplation to become a certain kind of passion, he has scattered and pulverized, like the calf of Israel of old, the constitution of whatever passion happens to occur, and has sown it under the water of knowledge, having utterly made to disappear even the bare fantasy of the passions, through the restoration of the things which naturally constitute it to their proper state.

61. A life stained by many trespasses of the passions that come from the flesh is a defiled tunic. For as from a certain garment of conduct in life, each person is naturally revealed, whether just or unjust; the one, having a clean tunic, the virtuous life; the other, possessing a life defiled by evil deeds. Or rather, a tunic defiled by the flesh is that habit and disposition which, according to conscience, through the memory of (1204) evil movements and activities of the flesh, shapes the soul, which, seeing it always about itself like a tunic, is filled with the stench of the passions. For just as from the spirit, through the virtues woven together with one another according to reason, a tunic of incorruption is made for the soul, which having put it on becomes beautiful and glorious; so also from the flesh, by the passions being woven together with one another by analogy, there comes to be an unclean and defiled tunic, which of itself makes the soul recognizable, imposing on it another form and image besides the divine one.

62. The incarnation of God is a firm faith for the hope of deification in human nature, making man god to the same degree that He Himself became man. For He who became man without sin will obviously deify nature without its change into the Godhead; and He will raise it up by Himself to the same degree that He Himself lowered Himself for man’s sake. Mystically teaching this himself, the great Apostle says that in the ages to come the surpassing riches of God’s goodness toward us will be shown.

63. Reason, by presiding over anger and desire, creates the virtues; and the intellect, by applying itself to the principles, gathers unerring knowledge of created things. When, therefore, reason, after the rejection of opposites, finds that which is naturally beloved, and the intellect, after passing through the things that are known, lays hold of the Cause which is beyond the substance and knowledge of beings, then the state of deification by grace supervenes, leading reason away from natural discrimination, where that which is discriminated does not

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ποιήσεται δεόντως ἀντιστροφήν, τοῖς δι᾿ ὧν τό πρίν ἐπλημμέλει χρωμένη πρός γένεσιν ἀρετῶν καί ὑπόστασιν.

νθ΄. Τό ἅγιον Εὐαγγέλιον, σαρκικῆς μέν εἰσηγεῖται ζωῆς ἄρνησιν, πνευματικῆς δέ ὁμολογίαν. Περί τούτων δέ λέγω, τῶν ἀεί μέν κατά τόν ἄνθρωπον, λέγω δέ τήν ἀνθρωπίνην ἐν σαρκί κατά τόν αἰῶνα τοῦτον ζωήν, ἀποθνησκόντων, ζώντων δέ κατά θεόν μόνῳ τῷ Πνεύματι, κατά τόν θεῖον Ἀπόστολον καί τούς ἀμφ᾿ αὐτόν, τούς ζῶντας μέν οὐδαμῶς ἰδίαν ζωήν, ζῶντα δέ τόν Χριστόν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς κατά μόνην ἔχοντας τήν ψυχήν. Οὕτως οἱ διά τόν Θεόν ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ νεκροί σαρκί, κρίνονται, θλίψεις καί βασάνους πολλάς καί στενοχωρίας ἔχοντες, καί διωγμούς, καί μυρία πειρασμῶν εἴδη μετά χαρᾶς ὑπομένοντες.

ξ΄. Πᾶν πάθος κατά συμπλοκήν πάντως αἰσθητοῦ τινος καί αἰσθήσεως, καί φυσικῆς δυνάμεως, θυμοῦ λέγω τυχόν, ἤ ἐπιθυμίας, ἤ λόγου παρατραπέντος τοῦ κατά φύσιν, συνίσταται. Ἐάν οὖν τό πρός ἄλληλα κατά σύνθεσιν τέλος, τοῦ τε αἰσθητοῦ καί τῆς αἰσθήσεως, καί τῆς ἐπ᾿ αὐτῇ φυσικῆς δυνάμεως θεωρήσας ὁ νοῦς, δυνηθῇ πρός τόν οἰκεῖον φύσει λόγον, τούτων ἕκαστον διακρίνας ἐπαναγαγεῖν, καί θεωρῆσαι καθ᾿ ἑαυτό τό αἰσθητόν, ἄνευ τῆς πρός αὐτό τῆς αἰσθήσεως σχέσεως, καί τήν αἴσθησιν δίχα τῆς τοῦ αἰσθητοῦ πρός αὐτήν οἰκειότητος· καί τήν ἐπιθυμίαν φέρε εἰπεῖν, ἤ ἄλλην τινά τῶν κατά φύσιν δυνάμεων χωρίς τῆς ἐμπαθοῦς ἐπ᾿ αἰσθήσει τε καί αἰσθητῷ διαθέσεως· ὡς ἡ τοῦ πάθους ποιά παρασκευάζει τήν θεωρίαν γίνεσθαι κίνησις, διεσκέδασε καί ἐλέπτυνε, κατά τόν πάλαι τοῦ Ἰσραήλ μόσχον, τοῦ οἱοδήποτε συμβαίνοντος πάθους τήν σύστασιν, καί ὑπό τό ὕδωρ τῆς γνώσεως ἔσπειρεν, ἀφανίσας παντελῶς καί αὐτήν τῶν παθῶν τήν ψιλήν φαντασίαν, διά τῆς πρός ἑαυτά τῶν ἀποτελούντων αὐτό κατά φύσιν πραγμάτων ἀποκαταστάσεως.

ξα΄. Ὁ πολλοῖς πλημμελήμασι τῶν ἐκ τῆς σαρκός παθημάτων κεκηλιδωμένος βίος, χιτών ἐστιν ἐσπιλωμένος. Ὡς ἔκ τινος γάρ ἐνδύματος τῆς κατά τόν βίον ἀναστροφῆς, ἕκαστος τῶν ἀνθρώπων διαφαίνεσθαι πέφυκεν, εἴτε δίκαιος, εἴτε ἄδικος· ὁ μέν, χιτῶνα καθαρόν ἔχων, τόν ἐνάρετον βίον· ὁ δέ, πονηροῖς ἐσπιλωμένην ἔργοις τήν ζωήν κεκτημένος. Ἤ μᾶλλον, ἐσπιλωμένος ἀπό τῆς σαρκός ἔστι χιτών, ἤ κατά συνείδησιν μορφοῦσα διά τῆς μνήμης τῶν (1204) ἐκ τῆς σαρκός πονηρῶν κινημάτων τε καί ἐνεργημάτων τήν ψυχήν, ἕξις τε καί διάθεσις, ἥν ὁρῶσα διαπαντός καθάπερ χιτῶνά τινα περί ἑαυτήν, δυσωδίας πληροῦται παθῶν. Ὡς γάρ ἀπό τοῦ πνεύματος, διά τῶν ἀρετῶν ἀλλήλαις κατά λόγον συνυφαινομένων, ἀφθαρσίας γίνεται τῇ ψυχῇ χιτών, ὅν ἐνδυσαμένη γίνεται καλή καί ἐπίδοξος· οὕτω καί ἀπό τῆς σαρκός, τῶν παθῶν ἀλλήλοις κατά ἀναλογίαν συνυφαινομένων, γίνεταί τις χιτών ἀκάθαρτος καί ἐσπιλωμένος, ἐξ ἑαυτοῦ δεικνύς γνώριμον τήν ψυχήν, μορφήν ἄλλην αὐτῇ καί εἰκόνα παρά τήν θείαν ἐνθέμενος.

ξβ΄. Βεβαία πίστις ἐστί τῆς πρός ἐκθέωσιν ἐλπίδος τῇ φύσει τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἡ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐνανθρώπησις, τοσοῦτον θεόν ποιοῦσα τόν ἄνθρωπον, ὅσον αὐτός γέγονεν ἄνθρωπος. Ὁ γάρ χωρίς ἁμαρτίας γενόμενος ἄνθρωπος, δῆλον ὅτι χωρίς τῆς εἰς θεότητα μεταβολῆς, τήν φύσιν θεοποιήσει· καί τοσοῦτο ἀναβιβάσει δι᾿ ἑαυτόν, ὅσον αὐτός διά τόν ἄνθρωπον ἑαυτόν κατεβίβασεν. Ὅπερ μυστικῶς διδάσκων ἑαυτόν ὁ μέγας Ἀπόστολος, φησίν, ἐν τοῖς αἰῶσι τοῖς ἐπερχομένοις, τόν εἰς ἡμᾶς ὑπερβάλλοντα πλοῦτον τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ χρηστότητος δειχθήσεσθαι.

ξγ΄. Τοῦ μέν θυμοῦ καί τῆς ἐπιθυμίας ἐπιστατῶν ὁ λόγος, ποιεῖ τάς ἀρετάς· ὁ δέ νοῦς τοῖς λόγοις ἐπιβάλλων,τῶν γεγονότων τήν ἄπταιστον συλλέγεται γνῶσιν. Ὅταν οὖν ὁ λόγος μετά τήν τῶν ἀντικειμένων ἀποβολήν, εὕρῃ τό κατά φύσιν ἑραστόν, καί ὁ νοῦς μετά τήν τῶν γινωσκομένων διάβασιν λάβηται τῆς ὑπέρ οὐσίαν καί γνῶσιν τῶν ὄντων Αἰτίας, τηνικαῦτα τό τῆς θεώσεως κατά χάριν ἐπιγίνεται πάθος, τόν μέν λόγον ἀπάγον τῆς φυσικῆς διακρίσεως, ἔνθα τό διακρινόμενον οὐκ