Origen of Alexandria, Against Celsus

We would say, moreover, that death ceases in the world when the sin of the world dies, referring the saying to the mystical words of the apostle, which run as follows: “When He shall have put all enemies under His feet, then the last enemy that shall be destroyed is death.”1387 Cf. 1 Cor. xv. 25, 26. And also: “When this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written, Death is swallowed up in victory.”1388 Cf. 1 Cor. xv. 54; cf. Hos. xiii. 14. The “strait descent,”1389 κάθοδον στενήν. again, may perhaps be referred by those who hold the doctrine of transmigration of souls to that view of things. And it is not incredible that the gates which are said to open spontaneously are referred obscurely by some to the words, “Open to me the gates of righteousness, that I may go into them, and praise the Lord; this gate of the Lord, into it the righteous shall enter;”1390 Cf. Ps. cxviii. 19, 20. and again, to what is said in the ninth psalm, “Thou that liftest me up from the gates of death, that I may show forth all Thy praise in the gates of the daughter of Zion.”1391 Cf. Ps. ix. 13, 14. The Scripture further gives the name of “gates of death” to those sins which lead to destruction, as it terms, on the contrary, good actions the “gates of Zion.” So also “the gates of righteousness,” which is an equivalent expression to “the gates of virtue,” and these are ready to be opened to him who follows after virtuous pursuits. The subject of the “tree of life” will be more appropriately explained when we interpret the statements in the book of Genesis regarding the paradise planted by God. Celsus, moreover, has often mocked at the subject of a resurrection,—a doctrine which he did not comprehend; and on the present occasion, not satisfied with what he has formerly said, he adds, “And there is said to be a resurrection of the flesh by means of the tree;” not understanding, I think, the symbolical expression, that “through the tree came death, and through the tree comes life,”1392 Cf. 1 Cor. xv. 22. because death was in Adam, and life in Christ. He next scoffs at the “tree,” assailing it on two grounds, and saying, “For this reason is the tree introduced, either because our teacher was nailed to a cross, or because he was a carpenter by trade;” not observing that the tree of life is mentioned in the Mosaic writings, and being blind also to this, that in none of the Gospels current in the Churches1393 [See note supra, p. 582. S.] is Jesus Himself ever described as being a carpenter.1394 Cf., however, Mark vi. 3. [Some mss., though not of much value, have the reading here (Mark vi. 3), “Is not this the carpenter’s son, the son of Mary?” Origen seems to have so read the evangelist. See Alford, in loc. S.]

Παυόμενον δὲ ἐν κόσμῳ θάνατον, ὅταν ἀποθάνῃ ἡ τοῦ κόσμου ἁμαρτία, λέγοιμεν ἂν ἡμεῖς τὸ παρὰ τῷ ἀποστόλῳ μυστικὸν διηγούμενοι οὕτως ἔχον· ὅταν δὲ "πάντας τοὺς ἐχθροὺς" ὑποτάξῃ "ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ", τότε "ἔσχατος ἐχθρὸς καταργεῖται ὁ θάνατος"· λέλεκται δὲ καί· "Ὅταν τὸ φθαρτὸν τοῦτο ἐνδύσηται ἀφθαρσίαν", "τότε γενήσεται ὁ λόγος ὁ γεγραμμένος· κατεπόθη ὁ θάνατος εἰς νῖκος". Κάθοδον δὲ αὖθις στενὴν τάχα οἱ τὴν μετενσω μάτωσιν εἰσάγοντες φήσουσιν. Αὐτομάτως δὲ ἀνοιγομένας πύλας λελέχθαι οὐκ ἀπίθανόν ἐστιν ὑπό τινων αἰνισσομένων καὶ διηγουμένων τὸ "Ἀνοίξατέ μοι πύλας δικαιοσύνης, ἵν' εἰσελ θὼν ἐν αὐταῖς ἐξομολογήσωμαι τῷ κυρίῳ· αὕτη ἡ πύλη τοῦ κυρίου, δίκαιοι εἰσελεύσονται ἐν αὐτῇ". Καὶ πάλιν ἐν ἐνάτῳ ψαλμῷ λέγεται· "Ὁ ὑψῶν με ἐκ τῶν πυλῶν τοῦ θανάτου, ὅπως ἂν ἐξαγγείλω πάσας τὰς αἰνέσεις σου ἐν ταῖς πύλαις τῆς θυγατρὸς Σιών." Πύλας δὲ "θανάτου" τὰς ἐπὶ τὴν ἀπώλειαν φερούσας ἁμαρτίας φησὶν εἶναι ὁ λόγος, ὥσπερ καὶ "πύλας Σιὼν" ἐκ τοῦ ἐναντίου τὰς καλὰς πράξεις· οὕτω δὲ καὶ "πύλας δικαιοσύνης", ὅπερ ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ "τὰς πύλας τῆς ἀρετῆς"· αὗται δὲ ἐξ ἑτοίμου ἀνοίγονται τῷ μεταδιώκοντι τὰς κατ' ἀρετὴν πράξεις. Περὶ δὲ τοῦ τῆς ζωῆς ξύλου εὐκαιρότερόν τις διηγήσεται ἑρμηνεύων τὰ περὶ τὸν ἐν τῇ Γενέσει ἀναγεγραμμένον παράδεισον τοῦ θεοῦ φυτευόμενον ὑπ' αὐτοῦ. Πολλάκις μὲν οὖν ἐχλεύασεν ὁ Κέλσος ἣν οὐκ ἐνόησεν ἀνάστασιν· νῦν δ' οὐκ ἀρκεσθεὶς τοῖς εἰρημένοις φησὶ λέγεσθαι ἀνάστασιν σαρκὸς ἀπὸ ξύλου, παρακούσας οἶμαι τοῦ συμβολικῶς εἰρημένου, ὅτι διὰ ξύλου θάνατος καὶ διὰ ξύλου ζωή, θάνατος μὲν κατὰ τὸν Ἀδὰμ ζωὴ δὲ κατὰ τὸν Χριστόν. Εἶτα παίζων τὰ περὶ τοῦ ξύλου ἀπὸ δύο τόπων αὐτὸ χλευάζει λέγων διὰ τοῦτο αὐτὸ παραλαμβάνεσθαι, ἤτοι ἐπεὶ σταυρῷ ἐνηλώθη ὁ διδάσκαλος ἡμῶν ἢ ἐπεὶ τέκτων ἦν τὴν τέχνην, οὐχ ὁρῶν ὅτι τὸ ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς ἐν τοῖς Μωϋσέως ἀναγέγραπται γράμμασιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ οὐ βλέπων ὅτι οὐδαμοῦ τῶν ἐν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις φερομένων εὐαγγελίων "τέκτων" αὐτὸς ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀναγέγραπται.