Origen of Alexandria, Against Celsus

Celsus, after what has been said, goes on as follows: “I can tell how the very thing occurred, viz., that they should call him ‘Son of God.’ Men of ancient times termed this world, as being born of God, both his child and his son.1443 παῖδά τε αὐτοῦ καὶ ἡίθεον. Both the one and other ‘Son of God,’ then, greatly resembled each other.” He is therefore of opinion that we employed the expression “Son of God,” having perverted1444 παραποιήσαντας. what is said of the world, as being born of God, and being His “Son,” and “a God.” For he was unable so to consider the times of Moses and the prophets, as to see that the Jewish prophets predicted generally that there was a “Son of God” long before the Greeks and those men of ancient time of whom Celsus speaks. Nay, he would not even quote the passage in the letters of Plato, to which we referred in the preceding pages, concerning Him who so beautifully arranged this world, as being the Son of God; lest he too should be compelled by Plato, whom he often mentions with respect, to admit that the architect of this world is the Son of God, and that His Father is the first God and Sovereign Ruler over all things.1445 [See Dr. Burton’s learned discussion as to the Logos of Plato, and the connection of Plato’s doctrines with the Gospel of the Son of God: Bampton Lectures, pp. 211–223, 537–547. See also Fisher’s Beginnings of Christianity, p. 147 (1877). S.] Nor is it at all wonderful if we maintain that the soul of Jesus is made one with so great a Son of God through the highest union with Him, being no longer in a state of separation from Him. For the sacred language of holy Scripture knows of other things also, which, although “dual” in their own nature, are considered to be, and really are, “one” in respect to one another. It is said of husband and wife, “They are no longer twain, but one flesh;”1446 Cf. Gen. ii. 24. and of the perfect man, and of him who is joined to the true Lord, Word, and Wisdom, and Truth, that “he who is joined to the Lord is one spirit.”1447 Cf. 1 Cor. vi. 17. And if he who “is joined to the Lord is one spirit,” who has been joined to the Lord, the Very Word, and Wisdom, and Truth, and Righteousness, in a more intimate union, or even in a manner at all approaching to it than the soul of Jesus? And if this be so, then the soul of Jesus and God the Word—the first-born of every creature—are no longer two, (but one).

Ἔλεγε δὴ μετὰ τὰ ἐκκείμενα τοιαῦτα· Ὁπόθεν δὲ καὶ αὐτὸ τοῦτο ἐπῆλθεν αὐτοῖς θεοῦ υἱὸν καλεῖν, σημαίνω. Ἄνδρες παλαιοὶ τόνδε τὸν κόσμον ὡς ἐκ θεοῦ γενόμενον παῖδά τε αὐτοῦ καὶ ἡμίθεον προσεῖπον. Πάνυ γοῦν ὅμοιος οὗτός τε κἀκεῖνος παῖς θεοῦ. Ὠήθη δὴ υἱὸν θεοῦ ἡμᾶς λέγειν, παραποιήσαντας τὰ περὶ τοῦ κόσμου ὡς ἐκ θεοῦ γενομένου καὶ υἱοῦ ὄντος αὐτοῦ καὶ θεοῦ· οὐ γὰρ ἐδυνήθη ἐπιστήσας τοῖς χρόνοις Μωϋσέως καὶ τῶν προφητῶν ἰδεῖν ὅτι καθόλου τὸ εἶναί τινα υἱὸν θεοῦ πρὸ Ἑλλήνων καὶ ὧν φησιν ὁ Κέλσος παλαιῶν ἀνδρῶν οἱ παρ' Ἰουδαίοις προφῆται ἐπροφήτευσαν. Ἀλλ' οὐδ' ἐβουλήθη τὸ παρὰ Πλάτωνι ἐν ταῖς ἐπιστολαῖς λελεγμένον, οὗ ἐν τοῖς ἀνωτέρω ἐμνήσθημεν, περὶ τοῦ διακοσμήσαντος τόδε τὸ πᾶν ὡς ὄντος υἱοῦ θεοῦ παραθέσθαι· ἵνα μὴ καὶ αὐτὸς ὑπὸ τοῦ Πλάτωνος, ὃν πολλάκις ἐσέμνυνεν, ἀναγκασθῇ παραδέξασθαι ὅτι ὁ μὲν δημιουργὸς τοῦδε τοῦ παντὸς υἱός ἐστι τοῦ θεοῦ, ὁ δὲ πρῶτος καὶ ἐπὶ πᾶσι θεὸς πατήρ ἐστιν αὐτοῦ. Εἰ δὲ τῷ τηλικούτῳ υἱῷ τοῦ θεοῦ ἡνῶσθαι φάσκοντες τῇ ἄκρᾳ μετοχῇ ἐκείνου τὴν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ψυχὴν οὐκέτι χωρίζομεν ἀπ' ἐκείνου αὐτήν, οὐδὲν θαυμαστόν. Οἴδασι γὰρ οἱ ἱεροὶ τῶν θείων γραμμάτων λόγοι καὶ ἄλλα, δύο τῇ ἑαυτῶν φύσει τυγχάνοντα, εἰς ἓν ἀλλήλοις εἶναι λελογισμένα καὶ ὄντα. Οἷον περὶ μὲν ἀνδρὸς καὶ γυναικὸς λέλεκται· "Οὐκέτι εἰσὶ δύο ἀλλὰ σὰρξ μία", περὶ δὲ τοῦ τελείου καὶ κολλωμένου τῷ ἀληθινῷ κυρίῳ, λόγῳ καὶ σοφίᾳ καὶ ἀληθείᾳ, ὅτι "Ὁ κολλώμενος τῷ κυρίῳ ἓν πνεῦμά ἐστιν". Εἰ δ' "ὁ κολλώ μενος τῷ κυρίῳ ἓν πνεῦμά ἐστι", τίς μᾶλλον τῆς Ἰησοῦ ψυχῆς ἢ κἂν παραπλησίως κεκόλληται τῷ κυρίῳ, τῷ αὐτολόγῳ καὶ αὐτοσοφίᾳ καὶ αὐτοαληθείᾳ καὶ αὐτοδικαιο σύνῃ; Ὅπερ εἰ οὕτως ἔχει, οὐκ εἰσὶ δύο ἡ ψυχὴ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ πρὸς τὸν "πάσης κτίσεως" πρωτότοκον θεὸν λόγον.