Chapter LIII.

In the next place, mixing up together various heresies, and not observing that some statements are the utterances of one heretical sect, and others of a different one, he brings forward the objections which we raised against Marcion.1467    Cf. bk. v. cap. liv.  And, probably, having heard them from some paltry and ignorant individuals,1468    The textual reading is, ἀπό τινων εὐτελῶς καὶ ἰδιωτικῶς, for which Ruæus reads, ἀπό τινων εὐτελῶν καὶ ἰδιωτικῶν, which emendation has been adopted in the translation. he assails the very arguments which combat them, but not in a way that shows much intelligence.  Quoting then our arguments against Marcion, and not observing that it is against Marcion that he is speaking, he asks:  “Why does he send secretly, and destroy the works which he has created?  Why does he secretly employ force, and persuasion, and deceit?  Why does he allure those who, as ye assert, have been condemned or accused by him, and carry them away like a slave-dealer?  Why does he teach them to steal away from their Lord?  Why to flee from their father?  Why does he claim them for himself against the father’s will?  Why does he profess to be the father of strange children?”  To these questions he subjoins the following remark, as if by way of expressing his surprise:1469    οἱονεὶ θαυμαστικῶς.  “Venerable, indeed, is the god who desires to be the father of those sinners who are condemned by another (god), and of the needy,1470    ἀκλήρων. and, as themselves say, of the very offscourings1471    σκυβάλων. (of men), and who is unable to capture and punish his messenger, who escaped from him!”  After this, as if addressing us who acknowledge that this world is not the work of a different and strange god, he continues in the following strain:  “If these are his works, how is it that God created evil?  And how is it that he cannot persuade and admonish (men)?  And how is it that he repents on account of the ingratitude and wickedness of men?  He finds fault, moreover, with his own handwork,1472    τέχνην. and hates, and threatens, and destroys his own offspring?  Whither can he transport them out of this world, which he himself has made?”  Now it does not appear to me that by these remarks he makes clear what “evil” is; and although there have been among the Greeks many sects who differ as to the nature of good and evil, he hastily concludes, as if it were a consequence of our maintaining that this world also is a work of the universal God, that in our judgment God is the author of evil.  Let it be, however, regarding evil as it may—whether created by God or not—it nevertheless follows only as a result when you compare the principal design.1473    ἐκ παρακολουθήσεως γεγένηται τῆς πρὸς τὰ προηγούμενα.  And I am greatly surprised if the inference regarding God’s authorship of evil, which he thinks follows from our maintaining that this world also is the work of the universal God, does not follow too from his own statements.  For one might say to Celsus:  “If these are His works, how is it that God created evil? and how is it that He cannot persuade and admonish men?”  It is indeed the greatest error in reasoning to accuse those who are of different opinions of holding unsound doctrines, when the accuser himself is much more liable to the same charge with regard to his own.

Εἶτ' οἶμαι φύρων αἱρέσεις αἱρέσεσι καὶ μὴ ἐπισημειού μενος ὅτι τάδε μὲν ἄλλης αἱρέσεώς ἐστι τάδε δὲ ἄλλης, τὰ πρὸς Μαρκίωνα ὑφ' ἡμῶν ἀπορούμενα προφέρει, τάχα καὶ τούτων παρακούσας ἀπό τινων εὐτελῶς καὶ ἰδιωτικῶς ἐγκαλούντων λόγῳ, οὐ μὴν πάνυ συνετῶς. Ἐκτιθέμενος οὖν τὰ κατὰ Μαρκίωνος λεγόμενα καὶ μὴ ἐπισημειωσάμενος ὅτι πρὸς αὐτὸν λέγει φησί· Τί δὲ λάθρα πέμπει καὶ διαφθείρει τὰ τούτου δημιουργήματα; Τί δὲ εἰσβιάζεται κρύφα καὶ παραπείθει καὶ πλανᾷ; Τί δὲ τοὺς ὑπὸ τούτου κατεγνωσ μένους ἢ κατηραμένους, ὥς φατε, ψυχαγωγεῖ καὶ δίκην ἀνδραποδιστοῦ τινος ὑπεξάγει; Τί δὲ ἀποδιδράσκειν ἀπὸ τοῦ κυρίου διδάσκει; Τί δὲ φεύγειν τὸν πατέρα; Τί δ' αὐτὸς εἰσποιεῖται, μὴ συγχωροῦντος τοῦ πατρός; Τί δ' ἐπαγγέλ λεται τῶν ἀλλοτρίων εἶναι πατήρ; Καὶ ἐπιφέρει γε αὐτοῖς οἱονεὶ θαυμαστικῶς τό· Σεμνός γε ὁ θεὸς τῶν παρ' ἄλλῳ καταδίκων ἁμαρτωλῶν καί ἀκλήρων καί, ὡς αὐτοὶ λέγουσι, σκυβάλων ἐπιθυμῶν εἶναι πατήρ καὶ ὅν γε ἐξέπεμψεν αὐτοὺς ὑπεξάξοντα, τοῦτον ἁλόντα ἐκδικῆσαι μὴ δυνάμενος. Ἑξῆς δὲ τούτοις ὡσπερεὶ πρὸς ἡμᾶς τοὺς ὁμολογοῦντας οὐκ ἀλλοτρίου τινὸς εἶναι καὶ ξένου θεοῦ τόνδε τὸν κόσμον, τοιαῦτά φησιν· Εἰ δὲ [αὐτοῦ] ταῦτ' ἔστιν ἔργα, πῶς μὲν κακὰ ὁ θεὸς ἐποίει; Πῶς δὲ πείθειν καὶ νουθετεῖν ἀδυνατεῖ; Πῶς δ' ἐπ' αὐτοῖς ἀχαρίστοις καὶ πονηροῖς γενομένοις μεταμέλει καὶ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ τέχνην μέμφεται καὶ μισεῖ καὶ ἀπειλεῖ καὶ φθείρει τὰ ἴδια ἔκγονα; Ἢ ποῖ ποτε ὑπεξάγει τοῦ κόσμου τοῦδε ὃν ἐποίησεν αὐτός; ∆οκεῖ δή μοι καὶ ἐν τούτοις μὴ σαφηνίζων, τίνα ἐστὶ τὰ κακά, καίτοι γε καὶ ἐν Ἕλλησι πολλῶν αἱρέσεων γενομένων περὶ ἀγαθῶν καὶ κακῶν, συναρπάζειν ὡς ἀκόλουθον ἡμῖν, τοῖς φάσκουσιν ἔργα τοῦ ἐπὶ πᾶσι θεοῦ εἶναι καὶ τόνδε τὸν κόσμον, τὸ καθ' ἡμᾶς κακῶν εἶναι ποιητὴν τὸν θεόν. Ἐχέτω μὲν οὖν ὅπως ποτὲ ἔχει τὰ περὶ τῶν κακῶν, πότερον ὁ θεὸς αὐτὰ πεποίηκεν ἢ μή, ἀλλ' ἐκ παρακολουθή σεως γεγένηται τῆς πρὸς τὰ προηγούμενα· θαυμάζω δὲ εἰ μὴ ὅπερ ἡμῖν, τοῖς φάσκουσιν ἔργα εἶναι τοῦ ἐπὶ πᾶσι θεοῦ καὶ τόνδε τὸν κόσμον, οἴεται ἀκολουθεῖν περὶ τοῦ τὸν θεὸν τὰ κακὰ πεποιηκέναι, ἀκολουθεῖ ὅσον ἐφ' οἷς λέγει καὶ αὐτός. Εἴποι γὰρ ἄν τις πρὸς τὸν Κέλσον· εἰ αὐτοῦ ταῦτ' ἔστιν ἔργα, πῶς μὲν κακὰ ὁ θεὸς ἐποίει; Πῶς δὲ πείθειν καὶ νουθετεῖν ἀδυνατεῖ; Κακία δὲ ἡ μεγίστη ἐν λόγοις ἐστίν, ὅτε ἐγκαλεῖ τις τοῖς ἑτεροδόξοις περί τινων δογμάτων ὡς οὐχ ὑγιῶν, πολλῷ πρότερον αὐτὸς ἔχων τὰ ἐγκλήματα ἐν τοῖς ἰδίοις δόγμασιν.