Chapter V.

Moreover, if it is believed not only among Christians and Jews, but also by many others among the Greeks and Barbarians, that the human soul lives and subsists after its separation from the body; and if reason supports the idea that pure souls which are not weighed down with sin as with a weight of lead ascend on high to the region of purer and more ethereal bodies, leaving here below their grosser bodies along with their impurities; whereas souls that are polluted and dragged down to the earth by their sins, so that they are unable even to breathe upwards, wander hither and thither, at some times about sepulchres, where they appear as the apparitions of shadowy spirits, at others among other objects on the ground;—if this is so, what are we to think of those spirits that are attached for entire ages, as I may say, to particular dwellings and places, whether by a sort of magical force or by their own natural wickedness?  Are we not compelled by reason to set down as evil such spirits as employ the power of prophesying—a power in itself neither good nor bad—for the purpose of deceiving men, and thus turn them away from God, and from the purity of His service?  It is moreover evident that this is their character, when we add that they delight in the blood of victims, and in the smoke odour of sacrifices, and that they feed their bodies on these, and that they take pleasure in such haunts as these, as though they sought in them the sustenance of their lives; in this resembling those depraved men who despise the purity of a life apart from the senses, and who have no inclination except for the pleasures of the body, and for that earthly and bodily life in which these pleasures are found.  If the Delphian Apollo were a god, as the Greeks suppose, would he not rather have chosen as his prophet some wise man? or if such an one was not to be found, then one who was endeavouring to become wise?  How came he not to prefer a man to a woman for the utterance of his prophesies?  And if he preferred the latter sex, as though he could only find pleasure in the breast of a woman, why did he not choose among women a virgin to interpret his will?

Ἀλλὰ καὶ εἴπερ πεπίστευται οὐ παρὰ Χριστιανοῖς καὶ Ἰουδαίοις μόνοις ἀλλὰ καὶ παρ' ἄλλοις πολλοῖς Ἑλλήνων καὶ βαρβάρων ὅτι ζῇ καὶ ὑπάρχει μετὰ τὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ σώματος χωρισμὸν ἡ ἀνθρωπίνη ψυχή, καὶ τῷ λόγῳ παρίσταται ὅτι ἡ μὲν καθαρὰ καὶ μὴ βαρουμένη ὑπὸ τῶν τῆς κακίας μολιβ δίδων μετέωρος φέρεται ἐπὶ τοὺς τόπους τῶν καθαρωτέρων καὶ αἰθερίων σωμάτων, καταλιποῦσα τὰ τῇδε παχέα σώματα καὶ τὰ ἐν αὐτοῖς μιάσματα, ἡ δὲ φαύλη καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ἁμαρτά δων καθελκομένη ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν καὶ μηδ' ἀναπνεῦσαι δυναμένη τῇδε φέρεται καὶ καλινδεῖται, ἡ μέν τις ἐπὶ "τὰ μνήματα", ἔνθα καὶ ὤφθη σκιοειδῶν ψυχῶν "φαντάσματα", ἡ δέ τις ἁπαξαπλῶς περὶ τὴν γῆν· ποδαπὰ χρὴ νομίζειν εἶναι πνεύματα τὰ ὅλους, ἵν' οὕτως ὀνομάσω, αἰῶνας προσδεθέντα ὥσπερ εἴτε μαγγανείαις τισὶν εἴτε καὶ διὰ τὴν σφετέραν κακίαν οἰκοδομαῖς καὶ τόποις; Ὁ λόγος δὴ αἱρεῖ φαῦλ' ἄττα νομίζειν εἶναι τὰ τοιαῦτα, τῇ προγνωστικῇ δυνάμει μέσῃ τυγχανούσῃ εἰς ἀπάτην ἀνθρώπων χρώμενα καὶ πρὸς τὸ περισπάσαι αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τῆς καθαρᾶς εἰς αὐτὸν εὐσεβείας. ∆ηλοῖ δὲ τὸ τοιούτους αὐτοὺς τυγχάνειν καὶ τὸ ταῖς ἀπὸ τῶν θυσιῶν ἀναθυμιάσεσι καὶ ταῖς ἀπὸ τῶν αἱμάτων καὶ ὁλοκαυτωμάτων ἀποφοραῖς τρεφόμενα αὐτῶν τὰ σώματα, φιληδονούντων τοῖς τοιούτοις, ἐπ' αὐτὸ τυγχάνειν τοῦ ὡσπερεὶ φιλοζωεῖν, ἀνάλογον φαύλοις ἀνθρώποις, οὐκ ἀσπαζομένοις μὲν τὸ καθαρώτερον ἔξω σωμάτων ζῆν, περιέπουσι δὲ διὰ τὰς σωματικὰς ἡδονὰς τὴν ἐν τῷ γεώδει σώματι ζωήν. Εἴπερ δὲ θεὸς ἦν, ὡς Ἕλληνες οἴονται, ὁ ἐν ∆ελφοῖς Ἀπόλλων, τίνα μᾶλλον ἐχρῆν αὐτὸν ἐκλέξασθαι προφήτην ἢ τὸν σοφὸν ἢ μὴ εὑρισκομένου τοῦ τοιούτου κἂν τὸν προκόπ τοντα; Πῶς δ' ἂν οὐκ ἄνδρα μᾶλλον προφητεύειν ἐβούλετο ἤπερ γυναῖκα; Εἰ δὲ καὶ τὸ θῆλυ ἤθελεν, ὡς τάχα μὴ δυνάμενος ἢ μὴ τερπόμενος ἄλλῳ τινὶ ἢ τοῖς κόλποις τῶν γυναικῶν, πῶς οὐχὶ παρθένον μᾶλλον ἐχρῆν αὐτὸν ἐπιλέ ξασθαι ἤπερ γυναῖκα τὴν τὸ βούλημα αὐτοῦ θεσπίζουσαν;