Chapter X.

But if he were dealing honestly in his accusations, he ought to have given the exact terms of the prophecies, whether those in which the speaker is introduced as claiming to be God Almighty, or those in which the Son of God speaks, or finally those under the name of the Holy Spirit.  For thus he might have endeavoured to overthrow these assertions, and have shown that there was no divine inspiration in those words which urged men to forsake their sins, which condemned the past and foretold the future.  For the prophecies were recorded and preserved by men living at the time, that those who came after might read and admire them as the oracles of God, and that they might profit not only by the warnings and admonitions, but also by the predictions, which, being shown by events to have proceeded from the Spirit of God, bind men to the practice of piety as set forth in the law and the prophets.  The prophets have therefore, as God commanded them, declared with all plainness those things which it was desirable that the hearers should understand at once for the regulation of their conduct; while in regard to deeper and more mysterious subjects, which lay beyond the reach of the common understanding, they set them forth in the form of enigmas and allegories, or of what are called dark sayings, parables, or similitudes.  And this plan they have followed, that those who are ready to shun no labour and spare no pains in their endeavours after truth and virtue might search into their meaning, and having found it, might apply it as reason requires.  But Celsus, ever vigorous in his denunciations, as though he were angry at his inability to understand the language of the prophets, scoffs at them thus:  “To these grand promises are added strange, fanatical, and quite unintelligible words, of which no rational person can find the meaning; for so dark are they as to have no meaning at all; but they give occasion to every fool or impostor to apply them so as to suit his own purposes.”  This statement of Celsus seems ingeniously designed to dissuade readers from attempting any inquiry or careful search into their meaning.  And in this he is not unlike certain persons, who said to a man whom a prophet had visited to announce future events, “Wherefore came this mad fellow to thee?”1618    ὧν ἓν μὲν ὄνομα· δεύτερον δὲ λόγος· τὸ δὲ τρίτον εἴδωλον· τὸ τέταρτον δὲ ἐπιστήμη.    2 Kings ix. 11.

Ἐχρῆν δὲ αὐτόν, εἴπερ εὐγνωμόνει πρὸς τὴν κατηγο ρίαν, ἐκθέσθαι αὐταῖς λέξεσι τὰς προφητείας, εἴτ' ἐν αἷς θεὸς παντοκράτωρ ἐπηγγέλλετο εἶναι ὁ λέγων, εἴτ' ἐν αἷς ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, εἴτε καὶ ἐν αἷς τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον λέγον εἶναι ἐπιστεύετο· οὕτω γὰρ κἂν ἠγωνίασεν ἀνασκευάσαι τὰ εἰρημένα καὶ δεῖξαι ὅτι οὐκ ἔνθεοι ἦσαν οἱ λόγοι, περιέ χοντες ἐπιστροφὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων καὶ ἔλεγχον τῶν τότε ὄντων καὶ πρόγνωσιν περὶ τῶν μελλόντων. ∆ιὸ καὶ οἱ κατ' αὐτοὺς ἀπογραψάμενοι τὰς προφητείας αὐτῶν ἐφύλαξαν, ἵνα καὶ οἱ μεταγενέστεροι ἀναγινώσκοντες θαυμάζωσιν ὡς λόγους θεοῦ καὶ ὠφελούμενοι οὐ μόνον ἀπὸ τῶν ἐπιπληκτικῶν καὶ ἐπιστρεπτικῶν ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν προγνωστικῶν ταῖς ἐκβάσεσι πειθόμενοι περὶ τοῦ θεῖον εἶναι πνεῦμα τὸ προει ρηκὸς τὴν κατὰ τὸν λόγον εὐσέβειαν ἀσκοῦντες διατελῶσι, πειθόμενοι τῷ νόμῳ καὶ τοῖς προφήταις. Οἱ μὲν οὖν προφῆται ὅσα ἦν αὐτόθεν νοηθῆναι τοῖς ἀκούουσι χρήσιμα καὶ συμβαλλόμενα τῇ τῶν ἠθῶν ἐπανορ θώσει χωρὶς πάσης ἐπικρύψεως κατὰ τὸ βούλημα τοῦ θεοῦ εἰρήκασιν, ὅσα δὲ μυστικώτερα ἦν καὶ ἐποπτικώτερα καὶ ἐχόμενα θεωρίας τῆς ὑπὲρ τὴν πάνδημον ἀκοήν, ταῦτα "δι' αἰνιγμάτων" καὶ ἀλληγοριῶν καὶ τῶν καλουμένων σκοτεινῶν λόγων καὶ τῶν ὀνομαζομένων παραβολῶν ἢ παροιμιῶν ἀπεφήναντο· ἵν' οἱ μὴ φυγοπονοῦντες ἀλλὰ πάντα πόνον ὑπὲρ ἀρετῆς καὶ ἀληθείας ἀναδεχόμενοι ἐξετά σαντες εὕρωσι καὶ εὑρόντες, ὡς λόγος αἱρεῖ, οἰκονομήσωσιν. Ὁ δὲ γεννάδας Κέλσος ὡσπερεὶ θυμωθεὶς ἐπὶ τῷ μὴ νενοη κέναι τοὺς τῶν προφητῶν τοιούτους λόγους ἐλοιδόρησεν αὐτούς, εἰπὼν ὅτι ταῦτα ἐπανατεινάμενοι προστιθέασιν ἐφεξῆς ἄγνωστα καὶ πάροιστρα καὶ πάντῃ ἄδηλα, ὧν τὸ μὲν γνῶμα οὐδεὶς ἂν νοῦν ἔχων εὑρεῖν δύναιτο· ἀσαφῆ γὰρ καὶ τὸ μηδέν, ἀνοήτῳ δὲ ἢ γόητι παντὶ περὶ παντὸς ἀφορμὴν ἐνδίδωσιν, ὅπῃ βούλεται, τὸ λεχθὲν σφετερίζεσθαι. Καὶ πανούργως μοι ἔδοξε ταῦτ' εἰρηκέναι, κωλύειν τὸ ὅσον ἐφ' ἑαυτῷ βουλόμενος τοὺς ἐντυγχάνοντας ταῖς προφητείαις βασανίζειν καὶ ἐξετάζειν αὐτῶν τὸν νοῦν· καὶ πέπονθέ τι πρᾶγμα παραπλήσιον τοῖς εἰποῦσι περί τινος προφήτου, εἰσελθόντος πρός τινα καὶ τὰ μέλλοντα προειπόντος αὐτῷ· "Τί εἰσῆλθεν ὁ ἐπίληπτος οὗτος πρός σε;"