Chapter XXXI.

Referring to the passage in the Phædon of Plato, Celsus says:  “It is not easy for every one to understand the meaning of Plato’s words, when he says that on account of our weakness and slowness we are unable to reach the highest region of the air; but that if our nature were capable of so sublime a contemplation, we would then be able to understand that that is the true heaven, and that the true light.”  As Celsus has deferred to another opportunity the explanation of Plato’s idea, we also think that it does not fall within our purpose at present to enter into any full description of that holy and good land, and of the city of God which is in it; but reserve the consideration of it for our Commentary on the Prophets, having already in part, according to our power, treated of the city of God in our remarks on the forty-sixth and forty-eighth Psalms.  The writings of Moses and the prophets—the most ancient of all books—teach us that all things here on earth which are in common use among men, have other things corresponding to them in name which are alone real.  Thus, for instance, there is the true light, and another heaven beyond the firmament, and a Sun of righteousness other than the sun we see.  In a word, to distinguish those things from the objects of sense, which have no true reality, they say of God that “His works are truth;”1671    Dan. iv. 37. thus making a distinction between the works of God and the works of God’s hands, which latter are of an inferior sort.  Accordingly, God in Isaiah complains of men, that “they regard not the works of the Lord, nor consider the operation of His hands.”1672    Isa. v. 12.  But enough on this point.

Ὥσπερ δὲ αὐτὸς τὴν διήγησιν ἀνατίθεται τοῦ παρὰ Πλάτωνι μύθου, κειμένου [ἐν] τῷ Φαίδωνι, λέγων τάδε· Τί δὲ διὰ τούτων ἐμφανίζει, οὐ παντὶ γνῶναι ῥᾴδιον· εἰ μὴ ὅστις ἐπαΐειν δύναιτο, τί ποτ' ἐστὶν ἐκεῖνο ὅ φησιν· "ὑπ' ἀσθενείας καὶ βραδυτῆτος οὐχ οἵους τε εἶναι διεξελθεῖν ἐπ' ἔσχατον τὸν ἀέρα"· "καὶ εἰ ἡ φύσις ἱκανὴ εἴη ἀνασχέσθαι θεωροῦσα, γνῶναι ἂν ὅτι ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν ὁ ἀληθῶς οὐρανὸς καὶ τὸ ἀληθινὸν φῶς"· τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον καὶ ἡμεῖς τὰ περὶ τῆς ἁγίας καὶ ἀγαθῆς γῆς καὶ τῆς ἐν αὐτῇ πόλεως τοῦ θεοῦ οὐ κατὰ τὴν ἐνεστῶσαν νομίζοντες εἶναι πραγματείαν σαφηνίσαι ὑπερτιθέμεθα εἰς τὰ ἐξηγητικὰ τῶν προφητῶν, ἀπὸ μέρους κατὰ τὸ δυνατὸν ἡμῖν διηγησάμενοι περὶ πόλεως θεοῦ ἐν τοῖς πραγματευθεῖσιν ἡμῖν εἰς τὸν τεσσαρακοστὸν καὶ πέμπτον ψαλμὸν καὶ τὸν τεσσαρακοστὸν καὶ ἕβδομον ψαλμόν. Οἶδε δὲ ὁ ἀρχαιότατος Μωϋσέως καὶ τῶν προφητῶν λόγος τὰ ἀληθινὰ πάντα ὁμώνυμα τοῖς τῇδε καθολικωτέροις, οἷον "ἀληθινὸν φῶς" καὶ "οὐρανὸν" ἕτερον παρὰ "τὸ στερέωμα" καὶ τὸν "τῆς δικαιοσύνης" ἥλιον ἄλλον παρὰ τὸν αἰσθητόν. Καὶ ἁπαξαπλῶς δέ φησιν πρὸς ἀντιδιαστολὴν τῶν αἰσθητῶν, ὧν οὐδέν ἐστιν ἀληθινόν, τό· "Θεός, ἀληθινὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ", ἐπ' ἀληθινῶν μὲν τάσσων τὰ ἔργα τοῦ θεοῦ ἐπὶ ἡττόνων δὲ τὰ λεγόμενα "ἔργα τῶν χειρῶν" αὐτοῦ. Μεμφόμενος γοῦν τισι διὰ τοῦ Ἡσαΐου φησί· "Τὰ ἔργα κυρίου οὐκ ἐμβλέπουσι καὶ τὰ ἔργα τῶν χειρῶν αὐτοῦ οὐ κατανοοῦσι." Καὶ ταῦτα μὲν ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον.