Chapter XL.

Next to the remarks of Celsus on which we have already commented, come others which he addresses to all Christians, but which, if applicable to any, ought to be addressed to persons whose doctrines differ entirely from those taught by Jesus.  For it is the Ophians who, as we have before shown,1702    See book vi. cap. xxx., etc. have utterly renounced Jesus, and perhaps some others of similar opinions who are “the impostors and jugglers, leading men away to idols and phantoms;” and it is they who with miserable pains learn off the names of the heavenly doorkeepers.  These words are therefore quite inappropriate as addressed to Christians:  “If you seek one to be your guide along this way, you must shun all deceivers and jugglers, who will introduce you to phantoms.”  And, as though quite unaware that these impostors entirely agree with him, and are not behind him in speaking ill of Jesus and His religion, he thus continues, confounding us with them:  “otherwise you will be acting the most ridiculous part, if, whilst you pronounce imprecations upon those other recognised gods, treating them as idols, you yet do homage to a more wretched idol than any of these, which indeed is not even an idol or a phantom, but a dead man, and you seek a father like to himself.”  That he is ignorant of the wide difference between our opinions and those of the inventors of these fables, and that he imagines the charges which he makes against them applicable to us, is evident from the following passage:  “For the sake of such a monstrous delusion, and in support of those wonderful advisers, and those wonderful words which you address to the lion, to the amphibious creature, to the creature in the form of an ass, and to others, for the sake of those divine doorkeepers whose names you commit to memory with such pains, in such a cause as this you suffer cruel tortures, and perish at the stake.”  Surely, then, he is unaware that none of those who regard beings in the form of an ass, a lion, or an amphibious animal, as the doorkeepers or guides on the way to heaven, ever expose themselves to death in defence of that which they think the truth.  That excess of zeal, if it may be so called, which leads us for the sake of religion to submit to every kind of death, and to perish at the stake, is ascribed by Celsus to those who endure no such sufferings; and he reproaches us who suffer crucifixion for our faith, with believing in fabulous creatures—in the lion, the amphibious animal, and other such monsters.  If we reject all these fables, it is not out of deference to Celsus, for we have never at any time held any such fancies; but it is in accordance with the teaching of Jesus that we oppose all such notions, and will not allow to Michael, or to any others that have been referred to, a form and figure of that sort.

Ἑξῆς δὲ τοῖς ἐξετασθεῖσιν ὁ Κέλσος ὡς πρὸς πάντας Χριστιανοὺς ἀποτείνει λόγον, ὅντινα πρὸς τοὺς πάντῃ ἀλλοτρίους τῆς Ἰησοῦ διδασκαλίας ὁμολογοῦντας εἶναι εἰ ἄρα λέγειν ἥρμοζεν. Ὀφιανοὶ γάρ, ὡς καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἀνωτέρω ἐλέγομεν, τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐξ ὅλων ἀρνούμενοι ἢ εἴ τινες ἄλλοι τὰ παραπλήσια ἐκείνοις φρονοῦντές εἰσιν οἱ τὰ εἴδωλα προμνώ μενοι, πλάνοι καὶ γόητες· καὶ ἐκεῖνοί εἰσιν οἱ τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν θυρωρῶν ἀθλίως ἐκμανθάνοντες. Μάτην οὖν πρὸς Χριστιανούς φησι τό· Κἂν ἡγεμόνα τῆς ὁδοῦ ταύτης ζητῆτε, φευκτέοι μὲν ὑμῖν οἱ πλάνοι καὶ γόητες καὶ τὰ εἴδωλα προμνώμενοι. Καὶ μηδ' ἐπιστάμενος ὅτι οἱ τοιοῦτοι οὐκ ἔλαττον Κέλσου ὡς γόητες σὺν ἐκείνῳ κακῶς λέγουσι τὸν Ἰησοῦν καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν κατ' αὐτὸν θεοσέβειαν, φησὶ φύρων ἡμᾶς ἐν ἐκείνοις τῷ ἑαυτοῦ λόγῳ· Ἵνα μὴ παντάπασιν ἦτε καταγέλαστοι, τοὺς μὲν ἄλλους, τοὺς δεικνυμένους θεούς, ὡς εἴδωλα βλασφημοῦντες τὸν δὲ καὶ αὐτῶν ὡς ἀληθῶς εἰδώλων ἀθλιώτερον καὶ μηδὲ εἴδωλον ἔτι ἀλλ' ὄντως νεκρὸν σέβοντες καὶ πατέρα ὅμοιον αὐτῷ ζητοῦντες. Ὅτι γὰρ μὴ ἐπιστάμενος, τί μὲν Χριστιανοὶ λέγουσι τί δὲ οἱ τοιούτους μύθους ἀναπλάσσοντες, ἀλλ' οἰόμενος ἡμῖν προσεῖναι τὰ ἐκείνοις προσαγόμενα ἐγκλήματα ταῦτα λέγει πρὸς ἡμᾶς οὐ προσόντα ἡμῖν, δῆλον ἐκ τοῦ [διὰ] τὴν μὲν δὴ τοιάνδε ἀπάτην καὶ τοὺς θαυμαστοὺς ἐκείνους συμβούλους καὶ τὰ δαιμόνια ῥήματα, τὰ πρὸς τὸν λέοντα καὶ τὸν ἀμφίβιον καὶ τὸν ὀνοειδῆ καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους θεσπεσίους θυρωρούς, ὧν τὰ ὀνόματα ἀθλίως ἐκμανθάνοντες οἱ δύστηνοι κακῶς δαιμονᾶτε, [ἀπάγεσθε] καὶ ἀνασκολοπίζεσθε. Καὶ οὐκ εἶδέ γε ὅτι οὐδεὶς τῶν τὸν λεοντοειδῆ καὶ τὸν ὀνοειδῆ καὶ τὸν ἀμφίβιον νομιζόντων εἶναι θυρωροὺς τῆς ἀνόδου ἕως θανάτου ἵσταται κἂν ὑπὲρ τῆς φαινομένης αὐτῷ ἀληθείας. Ἀλλὰ τὸ ὑφ' ἡμῶν δι' εὐσεβείας, ἵν' οὕτως εἴπω, ὑπερβολὴν γινόμενον, παρεχόντων ἑαυτοὺς παντὶ τρόπῳ θανάτου, καὶ τὸ ἀνασκολο πίζεσθαι ἐκείνοις προσάγει τοῖς μηδὲν τούτων πάσχουσιν· καὶ ἡμῖν τοῖς ἀνασκολοπιζομένοις δι' εὐσέβειαν ὀνειδίζει τὴν ἐκείνων περὶ τὸν λεοντοειδῆ καὶ τὸν ἀμφίβιον καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ μυθοποιΐαν. Οὐ διὰ Κέλσον τοίνυν φεύγομεν τὸν περὶ λεον τοειδοῦς καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν λόγον, οὐδὲ γὰρ τὴν ἀρχὴν τοιοῦτόν τι παρειλήφαμεν· ἀλλ' ἀκολουθοῦντες τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ Ἰησοῦ τὰ ἐναντία ἐκείνοις λέγομεν, οὐ συγκατατιθέμενοι τῷ τοιόνδε εἶναι τῷ προσώπῳ τὸν Μιχαὴλ καὶ τοιόνδε ἕτερόν τινα τῶν προκατειλεγμένων.