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for Mary is of us, since we are all from Adam. And no one would doubt this, remembering what Luke wrote. For after he had risen from the dead, when some thought that they were not seeing the Lord in the body from Mary, but were beholding a spirit instead, he said, "See my hands and my feet and the marks of the nails, that it is I myself. Handle me and see, that a spirit does not have flesh and bones, as you see me have." And having said this he showed them his hands and his feet.” From which things can also be refuted those who dared to say that the Lord had been changed into flesh and bones. For he did not say, "as you see me being flesh and bones," but "having," so that the Word himself might not be thought to have been turned into these things, but he himself might be believed to be in these both before his death and after the resurrection. 10. And since these things have been proven thus, it is superfluous to still touch upon the other things and to exercise oneself about them. For the body, in which the Word was, not being consubstantial with the Godhead, but truly born of Mary, and the Word himself not having been turned into bones and flesh, but having come to be in flesh—for what is said in John, "the Word became flesh," has this meaning, just as it is possible to find this also from a similar passage; for it is written in Paul, "Christ became a curse for us," and just as he did not himself become a curse, but because he took upon himself the curse for us, he is said to have become a curse, so also he became flesh, not by being turned into flesh, but because he took flesh for us and became man. For indeed to say "the Word became flesh" is equivalent to saying again that he became man, according to what is said in Joel, "I will pour out of my Spirit upon all flesh"; for the promise did not extend to the irrational animals, but is for men, for whose sake the Lord also became man. And since this saying has this meaning, with reason those who thought 20that the flesh from her existed before Mary and that the Word had a human soul before this and in20 it before the advent 20had always been20 will surely condemn themselves. And those also will cease who said 20that the flesh was not capable of death, but that it was of an 3.425 immortal nature20. For if he did not die, how did Paul deliver to the Corinthians "what he also received, that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures"? And how did he rise at all, if he had not died before? And they greatly blush who have even conceived it possible 20for a tetrad to be made out of the Trinity20, if it were said that the body is from Mary; for if, they say, we should say the body is consubstantial with the Word, the Trinity remains a Trinity, since the Word introduces nothing foreign into it; but if we should say the body from Mary is human, by necessity, the body being foreign in substance and the Word being in it, a tetrad is made instead of a Trinity on account of the addition of the body. 11. Saying these things thus, they do not understand how they are falling into self-contradiction. For even if they do not say the body is from Mary, but that it is consubstantial with the Word, they will nonetheless be shown, according to their own concept, to be speaking of a tetrad, the very thing which they dissembled, lest they should be thought to hold this view. For just as the Son, being, according to them, consubstantial with the Father, is not the Father himself, but is called consubstantial as Son in relation to the Father, so the consubstantial body of the Word is not the Word himself, but something other in relation to the Word. And since it is other, their trinity will be, according to them, a tetrad; for the true and truly perfect and indivisible Trinity does not admit of addition, but the one devised by these men. and how are they still Christians, devising another God besides the one who is? For again it is possible to see their folly in another of their sophisms. But if, because the body of the Savior is and is said in the scriptures to be from Mary and human, they think that a tetrad is spoken of instead of a trinity, as if an addition is made because of the body, much

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γὰρ ἡμῶν ἡ Μαρία, ἐπεὶ καὶ πάντες ἐκ τοῦ Ἀδάμ ἐσμεν. καὶ τοῦτο οὐκ ἄν τις ἀμφιβάλοι, μνησθεὶς ὧν ἔγραψεν ὁ Λουκᾶς. μετὰ γὰρ τὸ ἀναστῆναι ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν, δοκούντων τινῶν μὴ ἐν τῷ ἐκ Μαρίας σώματι βλέπειν τὸν κύριον, ἀλλ' ἀντὶ τούτου πνεῦμα θεωρεῖν, ἔλεγεν «ἴδετε τὰς χεῖράς μου καὶ τοὺς πόδας μου καὶ τοὺς τύπους τῶν ἥλων, ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι αὐτός. ψηλαφήσατε καὶ ἴδετε ὅτι πνεῦμα σάρκα καὶ ὀστέα οὐκ ἔχει, καθὼς ἐμὲ θεωρεῖτε ἔχοντα. καὶ τοῦτο εἰπὼν ὑπέδειξεν αὐτοῖς τὰς χεῖρας καὶ τοὺς πόδας». ἐξ ὧν καὶ ἐλέγχεσθαι πάλιν δύνανται οἱ τολμήσαντες εἰπεῖν εἰς σάρκα καὶ ὀστέα ἠλλοιῶσθαι τὸν κύριον. οὐ γὰρ εἶπε, καθὼς ἐμὲ θεωρεῖτε σάρκα καὶ ὀστέα ὄντα, ἀλλ' ἔχοντα, ἵνα μὴ αὐτὸς ὁ λόγος εἰς ταῦτα τραπεὶς νομισθῇ, ἀλλ' αὐτὸς εἰς ταῦτα καὶ πρὸ τοῦ θανάτου καὶ μετὰ τὴν ἀνάστασιν εἶναι πιστευθῇ. 10. Τούτων δὲ οὕτως ἐχόντων τὴν ἀπόδειξιν περιττὸν ἔτι τῶν ἄλλων ἅπτεσθαι καὶ γυμνάζειν τι περὶ αὐτῶν. τοῦ γὰρ σώματος, ἐν ᾧ ἦν ὁ λόγος, μὴ ὄντος ὁμοουσίου τῆς θεότητος, ἀλλ' ἐκ Μαρίας ἀληθῶς τεχθέντος, καὶ αὐτοῦ δὲ τοῦ λόγου μὴ τραπέντος εἰς ὀστέα καὶ σάρκα, ἀλλ' ἐν σαρκὶ γενομένου-τὸ γὰρ παρὰ τῷ Ἰωάννῃ λεγόμενον «ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο» ταύτην ἔχει τὴν διάνοιαν, καθὼς καὶ ἐκ τοῦ ὁμοίου τοῦτο δυνατὸν εὑρεῖν· γέγραπται γὰρ ἐν τῷ Παύλῳ «Χριστὸς ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν γέγονε κατάρα», καὶ ὥσπερ οὐκ αὐτὸς κατάρα γέγονεν, ἀλλ' ὅτι τὴν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἀνεδέξατο κατάραν, εἴρηται κατάρα γεγονέναι, οὕτω καὶ σὰρξ ἐγένετο, οὐ τραπεὶς εἰς σάρκα, ἀλλ' ὅτι σάρκα ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἀνέλαβε καὶ γέγονεν ἄνθρωπος. καὶ γὰρ τὸ εἰπεῖν «ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο» ἴσον ἐστὶ πάλιν εἰπεῖν ὅτι ἄνθρωπος γέγονε, κατὰ τὸ εἰρημένον ἐν τῷ Ἰωὴλ «ἐκχεῶ ἀπὸ τοῦ πνεύματός μου ἐπὶ πᾶσαν σάρκα»· οὐ γὰρ ἕως τῶν ἀλόγων ἦν ἡ ἐπαγγελία, ἀλλ' εἰς ἀνθρώπους ἐστίν, ὧν ἕνεκα καὶ ἄνθρωπος γέγονεν ὁ κύριος. τούτου δὲ τοῦ ῥητοῦ ταύτην ἔχοντος τὴν διάνοιαν εἰκότως καταγνώσονται ἑαυτῶν πάντως οἱ νομίσαντες 20εἶναι πρὸ τῆς Μαρίας τὴν ἐξ αὐτῆς σάρκα καὶ πρὸ ταύτης ἐσχηκέναι ψυχὴν ἀνθρωπίνην τὸν λόγον καὶ ἐν20 αὐτῇ πρὸ τῆς ἐπιδημίας 20ἀεὶ γεγενῆσθαι20. παύσονται δὲ καὶ οἱ εἰπόντες 20μὴ εἶναι δεκτικὴν θανάτου τὴν σάρκα, ἀλλὰ τῆς 3.425 ἀθανάτου φύσεως εἶναι ταύτην20. εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἀπέθανε, πῶς ὁ Παῦλος παρεδίδου Κορινθίοις «ὃ καὶ παρέλαβεν, ὅτι Χριστὸς ἀπέθανεν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν κατὰ τὰς γραφάς»; πῶς δὲ καὶ ὅλως ἀνέστη, εἰ μὴ προαπέθανεν; ἐρυθριῶσι δὲ μεγάλως οἱ ὅλως ἐνθυμηθέντες δύνασθαι 20ἀντὶ τῆς τριάδος γίνεσθαι τετράδα20, εἰ λέγοιτο ἐκ Μαρίας εἶναι τὸ σῶμα· ὁμοούσιον μὲν γάρ, φασίν, ἐὰν εἴπωμεν τὸ σῶμα τῷ λόγῳ, μένει ἡ τριὰς τριάς, οὐδὲν ξένον ἐπεισφερομένου εἰς αὐτὴν τοῦ λόγου· ἐὰν δὲ ἀνθρώπινον εἴπωμεν τὸ ἐκ Μαρίας σῶμα, ἀνάγκῃ ξένου ὄντος κατ' οὐσίαν τοῦ σώματος καὶ ὄντος ἐν αὐτῷ τοῦ λόγου, τετρὰς ἀντὶ τριάδος γίνεται διὰ τὴν τοῦ σώματος προσθήκην. 11. Ταῦτα οὕτως λέγοντες οὐ νοοῦσιν ὅπως ἑαυτοῖς περιπίπτουσι. καὶ γὰρ κἂν μὴ ἐκ Μαρίας λέγωσι τὸ σῶμα, ἀλλὰ ὁμοούσιον αὐτὸ τῷ λόγῳ, οὐδὲν ἧττον, ὅπερ ὑπεκρίνοντο, μὴ ἄρα ὡς φρονοῦντες νομισθῶσι τοῦτο, κατὰ τὴν αὐτῶν ἔννοιαν δειχθήσονται λέγοντες τετράδα. ὡς γὰρ υἱός, ὢν κατ' αὐτοὺς ὁμοούσιος τῷ πατρὶ οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτὸς πατήρ, ἀλλὰ υἱὸς πρὸς πατέρα λέγεται ὁμοούσιος, οὕτως τὸ ὁμοούσιον σῶμα τοῦ λόγου οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτὸς ὁ λόγος, ἀλλ' ἕτερον πρὸς τὸν λόγον. ἑτέρου δὲ ὄντος ἔσται κατ' αὐτοὺς ἡ αὐτῶν τριὰς τετράς· οὐ γὰρ ἡ ἀληθινὴ καὶ ὄντως τελεία καὶ ἀδιαίρετος τριὰς δέχεται προσθήκην ἀλλ' ἡ παρὰ τούτων ἐπινενοημένη. καὶ πῶς ἔτι Χριστιανοί, ἕτερον παρὰ τὸν ὄντα θεὸν ἐπινοοῦντες; πάλιν γὰρ καὶ ἐν ἑτέρῳ αὐτῶν σοφίσματι τὴν ἀφροσύνην ἔξεστιν ὁρᾶν. εἰ δὲ διὰ τὸ εἶναι καὶ λέγεσθαι ἐν ταῖς γραφαῖς ἐκ Μαρίας εἶναι καὶ ἀνθρώπινον τὸ σῶμα τοῦ σωτῆρος, νομίζουσιν ἀντὶ τριάδος τετράδα λέγεσθαι, ὡς προσθήκης γινομένης διὰ τὸ σῶμα, πολὺ