Chapter XXVIII.

We shall now proceed to the next statement of Celsus, and examine it with care:  “If in obedience to the traditions of their fathers they abstain from such victims, they must also abstain from all animal food, in accordance with the opinions of Pythagoras, who thus showed his respect for the soul and its bodily organs.  But if, as they say, they abstain that they may not eat along with demons, I admire their wisdom, in having at length discovered, that whenever they eat they eat with demons, although they only refuse to do so when they are looking upon a slain victim; for when they eat bread, or drink wine, or taste fruits, do they not receive these things, as well as the water they drink and the air they breathe, from certain demons, to whom have been assigned these different provinces of nature?”  Here I would observe that I cannot see how those whom he speaks of as abstaining from certain victims, in accordance with the traditions of their fathers, are consequently bound to abstain from the flesh of all animals.  We do not indeed deny that the divine word does seem to command something similar to this, when to raise us to a higher and purer life it says, “It is good neither to eat flesh, nor to drink wine, nor anything whereby thy brother stumbleth, or is offended, or is made weak;”1818    Rom. xiv. 21. and again, “Destroy not him with thy meat, for whom Christ died;”1819    Rom. xiv. 15. and again, “If meat make my brother to offend, I will eat no flesh while the world standeth, lest I make my brother to offend.”1820    1 Cor. viii. 13.

Ἐκθέμενοι δὲ καὶ τὴν ἑξῆς λέξιν φέρε πάλιν κατὰ δύναμιν αὐτὴν ἐξετάσωμεν οὕτως ἔχουσαν· Εἰ μὲν δὴ κατά τι πάτριον ἱερείων τινῶν ἀπέχονται τῶν τοιῶνδε, πάντως ἀφεκτέον καὶ ζῴων ἁπάντων βρώσεως· ᾗπερ καὶ Πυθαγόρᾳ δοκεῖ, ψυχὴν τιμῶντι καὶ τὰ ταύτης ὄργανα. Εἰ δ' ὅπερ φασίν, ὅπως μὴ συνεστιῶνται δαίμοσι, μακαρίζω τῆς σοφίας αὐτούς, ὅτι βραδέως συνιᾶσιν ὄντες ἀεὶ συνέστιοι δαιμόνων· καὶ τότε δὴ μόνον φυλάσσονται τοῦτο, ὁπόταν ἱερεῖον θυόμενον βλέπωσιν· ὅταν δὲ σῖτον ἐσθίωσι καὶ οἶνον πίνωσι καὶ ἀκροδρύων γεύωνται καὶ αὐτὸ ὕδωρ [πίνωσι] καὶ αὐτὸν ἀέρα ἀναπνέωσιν, οὐκ ἄρα παρά τινων δαιμόνων ἕκαστα τούτων λαμβάνουσιν, οἷς κατὰ μέρη τὸ ἐπιμελὲς ἑκάστων προστέτακται; Οὐκ οἶδ' ὅπως ἐν τούτοις ἔδοξεν αὐτῷ ἀκολουθεῖν δεῖν ἀπέχεσθαι πάντων ζῴων βρώσεως τούς, οὓς ὠνόμασε κατά τι πάτριον ἔθος ἱερείων τινῶν ἀπεχομένους. Καὶ οὐ τοῦτό φαμεν, ὡς καὶ μὴ τοιαῦτα ὑποβάλλοντος τοῦ θείου λόγου, καὶ τοῦ ἀσφαλεστέρου βίου καὶ καθαρωτέρου ἕνεκεν εἰπόντος· "Καλὸν τὸ μὴ φαγεῖν κρέα μηδὲ πιεῖν οἶνον μηδὲ ἐν ᾧ ὁ ἀδελφός σου προσκόπτει" καὶ πάλιν· "Μὴ τῷ βρώματί σου ἐκεῖνον ἀπόλλυε, ὑπὲρ οὗ Χριστὸς ἀπέθανε", καὶ πάλιν· "Εἰ σκανδαλίζει τὸν ἀδελφόν μου κρέα, οὐ μὴ φάγω κρέα εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα, ἵνα μὴ τὸν ἀδελφόν μου σκανδαλίσω."