595

those seeds having offered3.504 both payments and gifts for participation in the same hope, the same gifts were offered to Christ in Bethlehem, when they came having seen the star; of which gifts the prophet gives a clear representation, saying that "before the child knows how to call father or mother, he will take the power of Damascus and the spoils of Samaria before the king of the Assyrians." For these things from Damascus in the times of Abraham, as I said before, were taken by the kings who came, and from Samaria. When then did he take them "before he knew how to call father or mother," but when the magi came and "opened their bags" or treasures, as some of the copies have it, and "offered both myrrh and frankincense and gold"? And do you see how the phrases and sequences of the truth hold? As also these heresies are concubines and their children received gifts, having received only the name, called only by the name of Christ and having accepted the few words from the divine scripture, so that through them they might understand the truth, if they wish; but if they do not wish, but return to Herod—for they are commanded not to return to Herod, but to arrive in their own country by another road—if they do not do the things commanded, their gifts are in vain for them, as was the coming for those others, if they returned to Herod, because the same heresies likewise corrupt the teachings of the divine words. 9. These then are the eighty concubines, of which this number is recorded, and those are the queens, the souls numbered according to the generations, that is, men and patriarchs. And the maidens, of whom there is no number, in the remaining philosophies throughout the whole world and the ways of life of each soul, some being praiseworthy, and some not. For who could number the diversity of this world? For how many others among the Greeks besides the four most manifest ones already mentioned have not sprung up, and still after those heresies and those afterwards, according to each one's opinion, in the semblance of youthfulness becoming souls and opinions by themselves? As some are called Pyrrhonists and many others, whose names and opinions I will set down in order, though many have come to our knowledge, this is but a small fraction of those existing in the world. And these are the ones from the Greeks, of which I would place first from the beginning the opinion and doctrine of Thales of Miletus. 3.505 For Thales of Miletus himself, being one of the seven sages, declared water to be the first principle of all things; for he says that all things are from water and are resolved again into water. Anaximander the son of Praxiades, also a Milesian, said that the infinite is the principle of all things; for from this all things come to be and into this all things are resolved. Anaximenes the son of Eurystratus, also a Milesian, says that air is the principle of the universe and from this are all things. Anaxagoras the son of Hegesibulus, of Clazomenae, said that the homoeomeries are the principles of all things. Archelaus the son of Apollodorus, or according to some, of Mydon, was an Athenian, the physicist; he says all things have come to be from earth. For this is the principle of all things, as he says. Socrates the son of †Elmaglus or Sophroniscus and Phaenarete the midwife, the ethicist, said that a man ought to concern himself only with the things regarding himself, and nothing more. Pherecydes also says that earth came to be before all things. Pythagoras the Samian, son of Mnesarchus, said that the monad is god and without this nothing has come to be. He said that one ought not to sacrifice animals to the gods, nor indeed eat any ensouled thing, nor beans, nor should the wise drink wine. He said that all things below the moon are subject to passion, but those above the moon are without passion. He also said that the soul transmigrates into many animals. He also commanded his disciples to keep silent for a period of five years and finally called himself a god. Xenophanes the son of Orthomenes, a Colophonian, from earth and water

595

σπερμάτων ἐκείνων προσενεγκάν3.504 των τε δόματά τε καὶ δῶρα εἰς συμμετοχὴν τῆς αὐτῆς ἐλπίδος προσηνέχθησαν τῷ Χριστῷ ἐν Βηθλεὲμ τὰ αὐτὰ δῶρα, ὅτε τὸν ἀστέρα θεασάμενοι ἦλθον· ὧν δώρων τὴν σαφῆ παράστασιν ὁ προφήτης παρίστησι λέγων ὅτι «πρὶν ἢ γνῶναι τὸ παιδίον καλεῖν πατέρα ἢ μητέρα, λήψεται δύναμιν ∆αμασκοῦ καὶ τὰ σκῦλα Σαμαρείας ἔναντι βασιλέως Ἀσσυρίων». ταῦτα γὰρ ἀπὸ ∆αμασκοῦ ἐν χρόνοις Ἀβραάμ, ὡς προεῖπον, ὑπὸ τῶν βασιλέων τῶν ἐλθόντων εἴληπται καὶ ἀπὸ Σαμαρείας. πότε οὖν ἔλαβεν αὐτὰ «πρὶν ἢ γνῶναι καλεῖν πατέρα ἢ μητέρα», ἀλλ' ὅτε ἦλθον οἱ μάγοι καὶ «ἤνοιξαν τὰς πήρας ἑαυτῶν» ἢ τοὺς θησαυρούς, ὡς ἔχει ἔνια τῶν ἀντιγράφων καὶ «προσήνεγκαν καὶ σμύρναν καὶ λίβανον καὶ χρυσόν»; καὶ ὁρᾷς πῶς ἔχουσιν αἱ τῆς ἀληθείας φράσεις καὶ ἀκολουθίαι; ὡς καὶ αὗται αἱ αἱρέσεις παλλακίδες ὑπάρχουσι καὶ τὰ αὐτῶν τέκνα ἔλαβε δόματα, τὸ ὄνομα μόνον λαβοῦσαι, ὀνόματι μόνον Χριστοῦ κληθεῖσαι καὶ τοὺς ὀλίγους ἀπὸ τῆς θείας γραφῆς λόγους ὑποδεξάμεναι, ἵνα δι' αὐτῶν συνῶσι τὴν ἀλήθειαν, ἐὰν θέλωσιν· εἰ δὲ μὴ θέλοιεν, ἀλλὰ ἀνακάμψωσι πρὸς τὸν Ἡρῴδην παραγγέλλονται γὰρ μὴ ἀνακάμπτειν πρὸς Ἡρῴδην, ἀλλὰ δι' ἄλλης ὁδοῦ ἀφικνεῖσθαι εἰς τὴν ἑαυτῶν πατρίδα-ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ποιήσωσι τὰ προστεταγμένα, μάτην ἑαυτοῖς τὰ δόματα, ὡς ἐκείνοις ἡ ἔλευσις, εἰ ἀνέκαμψαν πρὸς τὸν Ἡρῴδην, διὰ τὸ ὁμοίως τὰς αὐτὰς αἱρέσεις παραχαράσσειν τῶν θείων λόγων τὰ διδάγματα. 9. Αὗται οὖν εἰσιν αἱ ὀγδοήκοντα παλλακίδες, ὧν ὁ ἀριθμὸς οὗτος ἐμφέρεται, κἀκεῖναι αἱ βασίλισσαι αἱ κατὰ τὰς γενεὰς ἀριθμηθεῖσαι ψυχαί, τουτέστιν ἄνδρες καὶ πατριάρχαι. νεάνιδες δέ, ὧν οὐκ ἔστιν ἀριθμός, ἐν ταῖς λοιπὸν κατὰ πάντα κόσμον φιλοσοφίαις καὶ ἑκάστης ψυχῆς πολιτείαις, τῆς μὲν οὔσης ἐπαινετῆς, τῆς δὲ οὔ. τίς γὰρ ἀριθμήσειε τοῦ κόσμου τούτου τὴν διαφοράν; πόσαι γὰρ ἄλλαι παρ' Ἕλλησι μετὰ τὰς προειρημένας τέτταρας φανερωτάτας οὐκ ἔφυσαν καὶ ἔτι μετὰ τὰς αἱρέσεις ἐκείνας καὶ τὰς μετέπειτα κατὰ τὴν ἑκάστου γνώμην ἐν δοκήσει νεανιότητος καθ' ἑαυτὰς γινόμεναι ψυχαί τε καὶ γνῶμαι; ὡς Πυρρώνειοι καλοῦνταί τινες καὶ ἄλλοι πλείους, ὧν τὰ ὀνόματα καὶ τὰς δόξας καθ' εἱρμὸν ὑποτάξω, πολλῶν μὲν ὄντων τῶν εἰς γνῶσιν ἡμῶν ἐληλυθότων, πολλοστημόριον δὲ τοῦτο τῶν ἐν κόσμῳ ὑπαρχόντων. καὶ εἰσὶ μὲν αἱ ἐξ Ἑλλήνων αἵδε, ὧν πρώτην τάξαιμι ἀπ' ἀρχῆς τὴν Θαλοῦ τοῦ Μιλησίου γνώμην τε καὶ δόξαν. 3.505 Αὐτὸς γὰρ Θαλῆς ὁ Μιλήσιος, εἷς ὢν τῶν ἑπτὰ σοφῶν, ἀρχέγονον πάντων ἀπεφήνατο τὸ ὕδωρ· ἐξ ὕδατος γάρ φησι τὰ πάντα εἶναι καὶ εἰς ὕδωρ πάλιν ἀναλύεσθαι. Ἀναξίμανδρος ὁ τοῦ Πραξιάδου καὶ αὐτὸς Μιλήσιος τὸ ἄπειρον ἀρχὴν ἁπάντων ἔφησεν εἶναι· ἐκ τούτου γὰρ τὰ πάντα γίνεσθαι καὶ εἰς αὐτὸ τὰ πάντα ἀναλύεσθαι. Ἀναξιμένης ὁ τοῦ Εὐρυστάτου καὶ αὐτὸς Μιλήσιος τὸν ἀέρα τοῦ παντὸς ἀρχὴν εἶναι λέγει καὶ ἐκ τούτου τὰ πάντα. Ἀναξαγόρας ὁ τοῦ Ἡγησιβούλου ὁ Κλαζομένιος ἀρχὰς τῶν πάντων τὰς ὁμοιομερείας ἔφησεν εἶναι. Ἀρχέλαος ὁ Ἀπολλοδώρου, κατὰ δέ τινας Μίλτωνος, Ἀθηναῖος δὲ ἦν, ὁ φυσικός, ἐκ γῆς τὰ πάντα λέγει γεγενῆσθαι. αὕτη γὰρ ἀρχὴ τῶν ὅλων ἐστίν, ὥς φησι. Σωκράτης ὁ τοῦ † Ἐλμάγλου ἢ Σωφρονίσκου καὶ Φαιναρέτης τῆς μαίας, ὁ ἠθικός, τὰ καθ' ἑαυτὸν ἔλεγε μόνον δεῖν περιεργάζεσθαι τὸν ἄνθρωπον, πλείονα δὲ μή. Φερεκύδης καὶ αὐτὸς γῆν φησι πρὸ πάντων γεγενῆσθαι. Πυθαγόρας ὁ Σάμιος, Μνησάρχου υἱός, θεὸν ἔφη εἶναι τὴν μονάδα καὶ δίχα ταύτης μηδὲν γεγενῆσθαι. ἔλεγε δὲ μὴ δεῖν θύειν τοῖς θεοῖς ζῷα μηδὲ μὴν ἐσθίειν τι τῶν ἐμψύχων μήτε κυάμους μήτε οἶνον πίνειν τοὺς σοφούς. ἔλεγε δὲ τὰ ἀπὸ σελήνης κάτω παθητὰ εἶναι πάντα, τὰ δὲ ὑπεράνω τῆς σελήνης ἀπαθῆ εἶναι. ἔλεγε δὲ καὶ μεταβαίνειν τὴν ψυχὴν εἰς πολλὰ ζῷα. ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ σιωπᾶν ἐπὶ πενταετῆ χρόνον καὶ τὸ τελευταῖον θεὸν ἑαυτὸν ἐπωνόμασε. Ξενοφάνης ὁ τοῦ Ὀρθομένους, Κολοφώνιος, ἐκ γῆς καὶ ὕδατος