Chapter LVII.

Celsus supposes that men “discharge the duties of life until they are loosened from its bonds,” when, in accordance with commonly received customs, they offer sacrifices to each of the gods recognised in the state; and he fails to perceive the true duty which is fulfilled by an earnest piety.  For we say that he truly discharges the duties of life who is ever mindful who is his Creator, and what things are agreeable to Him, and who acts in all things so that he may please God.  Again, Celsus wishes us to be thankful to these demons, imagining that we owe them thank-offerings.  But we, while recognising the duty of thankfulness, maintain that we show no ingratitude by refusing to give thanks to beings who do us no good, but who rather set themselves against us when we neither sacrifice to them nor worship them. We are much more concerned lest we should be ungrateful to God, who has loaded us with His benefits, whose workmanship we are, who cares for us in whatever condition we may be, and who has given us hopes of things beyond this present life.  And we have a symbol of gratitude to God in the bread which we call the Eucharist.  Besides, as we have shown before, the demons have not the control of those things which have been created for our use; we commit no wrong, therefore, when we partake of created things, and yet refuse to offer sacrifices to beings who have no concern with them.  Moreover, as we know that it is not demons, but angels, who have been set over the fruits of the earth, and over the birth of animals, it is the latter that we praise and bless, as having been appointed by God over the things needful for our race; yet even to them we will not give the honour which is due to God.  For this would not be pleasing to God, nor would it be any pleasure to the angels themselves to whom these things have been committed.  Indeed, they are much more pleased if we refrain from offering sacrifices to them than if we offer them; for they have no desire for the sacrificial odours which rise from the earth.

Κέλσος μὲν οὖν οἴεται τῷ βίῳ λειτουργεῖν τὰ πρέποντα, μέχρι ἂν τῶν δεσμῶν ἀπολυθῶσιν ἄνθρωποι, ἐπὰν κατὰ τὰ νενομισμένα τοῖς πολλοῖς τὰς θυσίας τις ἀποδιδῷ ἑκάστῳ τῶν κατὰ πόλιν νομιζομένων θεῶν, οὐ νοήσας τὸ ἀληθῶς πρέπον ὑπὸ τῆς ἀκριβοῦς εὐσεβείας ὑπολαμβανόμενον· ἡμεῖς δέ φαμεν τῷ βίῳ λειτουργεῖν μετὰ τῶν πρεπόντων τὸν μεμνημένον, τίς τε ὁ δημιουργήσας καὶ τίνα τὰ ἐκείνῳ φίλα, καὶ πάντα πράττοντα πρὸς τὸ φίλον τῷ θεῷ. Καὶ πάλιν Κέλσος μὲν οὐ θέλει ἡμᾶς ἀχαρίστους εἶναι πρὸς τοὺς τῇδε δαίμονας, οἰόμενος ἡμᾶς ὀφείλειν αὐτοῖς χαριστήρια· καὶ ἡμεῖς δὲ τρανοῦντες τὸν περὶ εὐχαριστίας λόγον φαμὲν πρὸς τοὺς μηδὲν εὐεργετοῦντας ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐκ τοῦ ἐναντίου ἱσταμένους μηδὲν ἀχάριστον ἡμᾶς ποιεῖν, ὅταν αὐτοῖς μὴ θύωμεν ἀλλὰ μηδὲ θεραπεύωμεν αὐτούς. Ἀλλὰ τὸ ἀχάριστοι εἶναι πρὸς τὸν θεὸν περιϊστάμεθα, οὗ τῶν εὐεργε σιῶν πλήρεις ἐσμέν, καὶ δημιουργήματα ὄντες αὐτοῦ καὶ προνοούμενοι ὑπ' αὐτοῦ κριθέντες ὅπως ποτὲ [ἄξιοι] εἶναι καὶ ἔξω τοῦ βίου τὰς παρ' αὐτοῦ ἐλπίδας ἐκδεχόμενοι. Ἔστι δὲ καὶ σύμβολον ἡμῖν τῆς πρὸς θεὸν εὐχαριστίας ἄρτος "εὐχαριστία" καλούμενος. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲ δαίμονες ἔχουσιν, ὡς καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἀνωτέρω ἐλέγομεν, τὴν οἰκονομίαν τῶν πρὸς τὰς ἡμετέρας χρείας δεδημιουργημένων· διὸ οὐδ' ἄδικόν τι πράττομεν μετέχοντες τῶν δημιουργημάτων καὶ τοῖς μὴ προσήκουσιν αὐτοῖς μὴ θύοντες. Κἂν ἴδωμεν δὲ μὴ δαίμονάς τινας ἀγγέλους δὲ τεταγμένους ἐπὶ τῶν τῆς γῆς καρπῶν καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς τῶν ζῴων γενέσεως, εὐφημοῦμεν αὐτοὺς καὶ μακαρίζομεν, ἐγχειρισθέντας ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ τὰ χρήσιμα τῷ γένει ἡμῶν· οὐ μὴν τὴν ὀφειλομένην πρὸς θεὸν τιμὴν τούτοις ἀπονέμομεν, οὔτε γὰρ ὁ θεὸς τοῦτο βούλεται οὔτ' αὐτοὶ οἱ τὰ τοιάδε ἐγκεχειρισμένοι. Καὶ ἀποδέχονταί γε ἡμᾶς φυλασσομένους αὐτοῖς θύειν ἢ θύοντας· οὐδὲ γὰρ χρῄζουσιν ἐκεῖνοι τῶν ἀπὸ γῆς ἀναθυμιωμένων.