Vicariate Apostolic of Bagamoyo
Mother Frances Mary Teresa Ball
Provincial Councils of Baltimore
Louis-Mathias, Count de Barral
Antoine-Lefebvre, Sieur de la Barre
Francesco della Rossa Bartholi
Prefecture Apostolic of Basutoland
Vicariate Apostolic of Batavia
Beatification and Canonization
Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard
Jean-Baptiste-Charles-Marie de Beauvais
Georg Philipp Ludolf von Beckedorff
Francesco Antonio Begnudelli-Basso
Ven. Robert Francis Romulus Bellarmine
Henri François Xavier de Belsunce de Castelmoron
Prefecture Apostolic of Benadir
Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament
St. Benedict of San Philadelphio
Benedictus (Canticle of Zachary)
Archdiocese of Benevento (Beneventana)
Antoine Henri de Bérault-Bercastel
José Mariano Beristain y Martin de Souza
François-Joachim-Pierre de Bernis
Archdiocese of Besançon (Vesontio)
Bethlehem (as used in architecture)
Prefecture Apostolic of Bettiah
Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville
Bigamy (in Civil Jurisprudence)
Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament
Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament
Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius
Archdiocese of Santa Fé de Bogotá
Bohemians of the United States
Jean de Dieu-Raymond de Cucé de Boisgelin
Cornelius Richard Anton van Bommel
Louis-Gabriel-Ambroise, Vicomte de Bonald
Louis-Jacques-Maurice de Bonald
Charles-Lucien-Jules-Laurent Bonaparte
Henri-Marie-Gaston Boisnormand de Bonnechose
Institute of Bon Secours (de Paris)
Archdiocese of Bordeaux (Burdigala)
Pierre-Rose-Ursule-Dumoulin Borie
Prefectures Apostolic of Borneo
Society of St. Charles Borromeo
Emmanuel Théodore de la Tour d'Auvergne, Cardinal de Bouillon
Henri, Count of Boulainvilliers
Archdiocese of Bourges (Bituricæ)
Francesco Lorenzo Brancati di Lauria
Pierre de Bourdeille, Seigneur de Brantôme
Charles Etienne, Abbé Brasseur de Bourbourg
The Bridge-Building Brotherhood
Auguste-Théodore-Paul de Broglie
Jacques-Victor-Albert, Duc de Broglie
Brothers Hospitallers of St. John of God
Vicariate Apostolic of Brownsville
St. Bruno, Archbishop of Cologne
Simon William Gabriel Bruté de Rémur
(An English abbreviation of BETHLEHEM).
A London hospital originally intended for the poor suffering from any ailment and for such as might have no other lodging, hence its name, Bethlehem, in Hebrew, the "house of bread." During the fourteenth century it began to be used partly as an asylum for the insane, for there is a report of a Royal Commission, in 1405, as to the state of lunatics confined there. The word Bethlehem became shortened to Bedlam in popular speech, and the confinement of lunatics there gave rise to the use of this word to mean a house of confusion. Bedlam was founded in 1247 as a priory in Bishopsgate Street, for the order of St. Mary of Bethlehem, by Simon Fitz Mary, an Alderman and Sheriff of London. This site is now occupied by the Liverpool Street railway station. In the next century it is mentioned as a hospital in a license granted (1330) to collect alms in England, Ireland, and Wales. In 1375 Bedlam became a royal hospital, taken by the crown on the pretext that it was an alien priory. It seems afterwards to have reverted to the city. At the beginning of the sixteenth century the word Bedlam was used by Tyndale to mean a madman, so that it would seem as though the hospital were now used as a lunatic asylum exclusively. In January, 1547, King Henry VIII formally granted St. Bartholomew's hospital and Bedlam, or Bethlehem, to the city of London, on condition that the city spend a certain amount on new buildings in connection with St. Bartholomew's. In 1674, the old premises having become untenable, it was decided to build another hospital, and this was erected in what is now Finsbury Circus. This came to be known as old Bedlam, after the erection of a new building in St. George's Fields, which was opened August 1815, on the site of the notorious tavern called the Dog and the Duck.
The attitude of successive generations of Englishmen towards the insane can be traced interestingly at Bedlam. Originally, it was founded and kept by religious. Every effort seems to have been made to bring patients to such a state of mental health as would enable them to leave the asylum. An old English word, "a Bedlam" signifies one discharged and licensed to beg. Such persons wore a tin plate on their arm as a badge and were known as Bedlamers, Bedlamites, or Bedlam Beggars. Whenever outside inspection was not regularly maintained, abuses into the management of Bedlam, and in every century there were several commissions of investigation. Evelyn in his Diary, 21 April 1656, notes that he saw several poor creatures in Bedlam in chains. In the next century it became the custom for the idle classes to visit Bedlam and observe the antics of the insane patients as a novel form of amusement. This was done even by the nobility and their friends. One penny was charged for admission into the hospital, and there is a tradition that an annual income of four hundred pounds was thus realized. This would mean that nearly 100,000 persons visited the hospital in the course of a year. Hogarth's famous picture represents two fashionable ladies visiting the hospital as a show place, while his "Rake," at the end of the "Progress," is being fettered by a keeper. After an investigation in 1851, the hospital came under regular government inspection and has since been noted for its model care of the insane. It accommodates about three hundred, with over sixty attendants. Its convalescent home at Witley is an important feature. The management is so good that each year more than one-half of the patients are returned as cured.
TUKE Bethlehem Royal Hospital in British Journal of Men of Science, 1876; BURDETTE, British Hospitals and Charities Annual, 1905.
JAMES J. WALSH