Epiphanius of Salamis, On Measures and Weights Greek Excerpt 3

De mensuribus et ponderibus (excerptum Graecum 3)

Of Saint Epiphanius on measures and weights.

A cor of wheat is 30 modii, which is called a chor. A chor is so called from the placing of mounds thus: for a mound is called a choria; for the 30 modii, when heaped up, make a camel's load. A thekel [or Lethek] of barley is 15 modii, which is called an eparma. A cados of oil is 50 sextarii. And this is of the work of the oil-presser. A mnasis [or Mnasis] is of 10 modii of wheat or of barley measures [or measure]. A saton is a heaping modius, so as to be 1 and a quarter modius, but of liquid 50 sextarii. A small gomor is 12 modii, 50 sextarii. A medimnos is 5 modii, so as to be 4 modii of a measure of 22 sextarii, and another 1/2. A choenix and an oiphi are the same thing; and it is a measure of 2 and a half sextarii and a small fraction, which is the measure of two handfuls. An artaba is a full measure of 72 sextarii. Three measures of fine flour. Each measure contained a gomor; and the gomor is a tenth of the great measure of the artaba, that is 7 and 1/5 (a fifth) sextarii. Three kana of groats. The kana he calls kaniskelia. Groats are a kind of wheat cut into two. A nebel of wine is a measure of 150 sextarii, it contains thus three sata of liquid. A cotyle is half a sextarius; from this, those who sell wine or oil are called cotylistai. A tryblion in shape is a vinegar-dipper, or a side-dish, and it holds half a sextarius. An aporyma [or Aporrhyma] holds half a saïtes; and the Saïton is 22 sextarii. It is in the form of an earthenware vessel [perhaps of an earthenware vessel]. A saphitha is a measure of 22 sextarii among some, and among others 18 and 24. The large hin is 18 sextarii, and the holy hin is 9. A campsakes of water is 4 sextarii. A chous, which is a chouza, the large one is 8 sextarii, and the holy one is 1/2 sextarius. An alabastron of myrrh. An alabastron is a round vessel of byssus, holding one litra, that is, 132 heminae. A siclus. The siclus is the fourth part of an uncia, which is 1 and a half nomisma. Medekom he calls the cyathoi; and masmaroth he calls the strainers, or [perhaps or] filters [or strainers]. A cyathus, in one way a simple cup, which is of 1/2 a sextarius; in another way a triple one, which is 3. An antlenterion [or antleterion] is of earthenware, drawing up by a kara-like [or by a long] handle. A cyathus holds 1 uncia; that of oil 1 and a half unciae; that of wine 1 and a half and a half unciae; and that of honey 1 and a half unciae. The great gomor and the [perhaps also the] lethek; and lethek, as is said in the prophet Hosea [3, 2]: "I hired for myself a leket [or lethek] of barley." And in other copies it says: "A gomor of barley." It is therefore the same thing; for 15 modii are signified." A drachma is also 3 grammata. A handful of flour. A drax is the grasping of the hand. The large hin is 18 sextarii, the holy one 9 sextarii. A cabos of wheat is 5 and a half sextarii. A metrites [or Metretes] is 72 sextarii. {1 On weights.}1 Silver and bronze coins weigh 3 grammata. A full talent of silver is 100 litrae. A silver piece and a mna and manesongiai [read: manes unciae] 20, which becomes 1 litra, 8 unciae. An amphoreus is 24 sextarii. An assarion is a weight of 6 grammata. An assarion is said to be 60 lepta. A ballantion, which is also a pholis [or follis], becomes 250 denarii, 312 and a half litrae. A denarius weighs 1 litra, 3 unciae. A holy didrachmon is 6 grammata. A kodrantes, a noummos weighing 6 grammata. A lepton saton weighs 3 grammata. A lepton is a weight of a fourth of an uncia, about which the Lord says [Matthew 10, 29]: "Are not two sparrows sold for an assarion?" But Assar in Hebrew is called diminished. A miliaresion and a gold piece and a half of a silver piece weighs 10 unciae. A nomisma of 125 litrae. Another nomisma of 3 grammata. A noummon [or Noummos]. A certain Numa, king of the Romans, made it, and it was called after his name. An obol not made of silver, but made from iron, weighs 3 grammata. An obol made of silver weighs

De mensuribus et ponderibus (excerptum Graecum 3)

Τοῦ ἁγίου Ἐπιφανίου περὶ μέτρων καὶ σταθμῶν.

Κόρος σίτου μόδιοι λʹ, ὃ κέκληται χώρ. Χὼρ λέγεται ἀπὸ τοῦ τῶν βουνῶν ὑποθέσεως οὕτω· χωρία γὰρ καλεῖται βουνός· βουνισθέντες γὰρ οἱ λʹ μόδιοι φορτίον ποιοῦσι καμήλου. Θεκὲλ [γρ. Λεθὲκ] κριθῆς μόδιοι ιεʹ, ὃ καλεῖται ἔπαρμα. Κάδος ἐλαίου ἐστὶ ξέστων νʹ. Ἔστι δὲ τοῦτο τῆς τοῦ ἐλαιοτρίπτου ἐργασίας. Μνάσις [γρ. Μνασίς] ἐστι μοδίων ιʹ σίτου ἢ κριθῆς μέτρων [γρ. μέτρον]. Σάτον ἐστὶ μόδιον κουμουλάτον, ὡς εἶναι μόδιον αʹ καὶ τέταρτον, ὑγροῦ δὲ ξέστων νʹ. Γόμορ μικρὸν μοδίων ιβʹ, ξέστων νʹ. Μέδιμνον μόδιοι εʹ, ὡς εἶναι μόδια δʹ μέτρου ξέστων κβʹ, ἄλλο δὲ ʹ. Χοῖνιξ καὶ οἰφὶ ταὐτόν ἐστιν· ἔστι δὲ μέτρον ξέστων βʹ καὶ ἡμίσεως καὶ ποστημόριον, ὅ ἐστι τῶν δύο δρακῶν τῆς χειρὸς τὸ μέτρον. Ἀρτάβη ἐστὶ ξέστων οβʹ μέτρον τέλειον. Τρία μέτρα σεμιδάλεως. Ἕκαστον μέτρον γόμορ εἶχε· τὸ δὲ γόμορ δέκατόν ἐστι τοῦ μεγάλου μέτρου τῆς ἀρτάβης, τουτέστι ξέστων ζʹ καὶ εʹ (πέμπτου). Τρία κάνα χονδρίτου. Τὰ κάνα κανισκέλια καλεῖ. Χονδρίτου δέ ἐστιν εἶδος σίτου εἰς δύο τεμνόμενον. Νέβελ οἴνου μέτρον ξέστων ρνʹ, ομυεῖ οὕτω ὑγροῦ τρία σάτα. Κοτύλη ἥμισυ ξέστου ὑπάρχει· ἐκεῖθεν οἱ πωλοῦντες οἶνον ἢ ἔλαιον κοτυλισταὶ καλοῦνται. Τρυβλίον τὴν μὲν πλάσιν ἐστὶν ὀξύβαφον, εἴτ' οὖν παροψίς, χωρεῖ δὲ ξέστου τὸ ἥμισυ. Ἀπόρυμα [γρ. Ἀπόῤῥυμα] τὸ ἥμισυ τοῦ σαϊτοῦ ἔχει· τὸ δὲ Σαϊτὸν κβʹ ξέστων ἐστίν. Ἔστιν ἐν τύπῳ κεραμίῳ [ἴσ. κεραμίου]. Σαφιθά ἐστι μέτρον ξέστων κβʹ παρά τισι, καὶ παρ' ἄλλοις ιηʹ καὶ κδʹ. Ἲν τὸ μέγα ξέστων ιηʹ, τὸ δὲ ἅγιον θʹ. Καμψάκης ὕδατος ξέστων δʹ. Χοῦς, ὅ ἐστι χουζά, τὸ μὲν μέγα ξέστων ηʹ, τὸ δὲ ἅγιον ξέστων ʹ. Ἀλάβαστρον μύρου. Ἀλάβαστρον βισσίν ἐστι στρογγυλοειδὲς χωροῦν λίτραν μίαν, ἤγουν 132 ἠμίναν. Σίκλον. Τὸ σίκλον ἐστὶ τὸ τέταρτον τῆς ὀγκίας, ὅπερ ἐστὶ νόμισμα αʹ καὶ ἥμισυ. Μεδεκὼμ λέγει τοὺς κυάθους· τὰς δὲ μασμαρὼθ λέγει τοὺς διϋλιστῆρας, ἤτ' [ἴσ. εἴτ'] οὖν ἰθμοὺς [γρ. ἠθμούς]. Κύαθος, πῇ μὲν εἰς ἁπλοῦν ποτήριον, ὅ ἐστι ξέστων ʹ· πῇ δὲ εἰς τριπλοῦν, ὅ ἐστι γʹ. Ἀντληντήριον [γρ. Ἀντλητήριον] δέ ἐστιν ἀπὸ κεραμίου, ἀντλοῦν διακαρᾶς [γρ. διὰ μακρᾶς] λαβῆς. Κύαθος ἔχει ὀγκίαν αʹ· ὁ δὲ τοῦ ἐλαίου ὀγκίαν αʹ καὶ ἡμίσειαν· ὁ δὲ τοῦ οἴνου ὀγκίαν αʹ καὶ ἡμίσειαν ʹ· ὁ δὲ τοῦ μέλιτος ὀγκίαν αʹ καὶ ἡμίσειαν. Γόμορ τὸ μέγα καὶ ὁ [ἴσ. ὁ καὶ] λεθέκ· λεθὲκ δὲ ὡς ἐν τῷ προφήτῃ Ὠσκὲ εἴρηται [Γʹ, 2]: «Ἐμισθωσάμην ἐμαυτῷ λεκὲθ [γρ. λεθὲκ] κριθῶν». Ἐν ἄλλοις δὲ ἀντιγράφοις λέγει: «Γομὸρ κριθῶν». Τὸ οὖν αὐτό ἐστι· ιεʹ γὰρ μόδιοι σημαίνονται». ∆ραχμὴ καὶ γράμματα γʹ. ∆ρὰξ ἀλεύρου. ∆ρὰξ χειρὸς ἡ κράτησις γίνεται. Ἲν τὸ μέγα ξέστων ιηʹ, τὸ δὲ ἅγιον ξέστων θʹ. Κάβος σίτου ξέστων εʹ καὶ ἡμίσεως. Μετρίτης [γρ. Μετρητὴς] ξέστων οβʹ. {1 Περὶ σταθμῶν.}1 Ἀργύρια τὰ καὶ χαλκᾶ σταθμίζουσι γράμματα γʹ. Ἄργυρος ὁ τέλειος λίτρας ρʹ. Ἀργυροῦς καὶ μνᾶ καὶ μάνησόγκιαι [ἀνάγν. μάνης ὀγκίαι] κʹ, ὃ γίνεται λίτρα αʹ, οὐγκίαι ηʹ. Ἀμφορεὺς ξέστων κδʹ. Ἀσσάριον σταθμὸς γραμμάτων ςʹ. Ἀσσάριον καλεῖται λεπτῶν ξʹ. Βαλλάντιον ὃ καὶ φόλις [γρ. φόλλις], δηναρίων σνʹ γίνεται, λιτρῶν τιβʹ καὶ ἡμισείας. ∆ηνάριον σταθμίζει λίτραν αʹ, ὀγκίας γʹ. ∆ίδραχμον ἅγιον γραμμάτων ςʹ. Κοδράντης, νοῦμος ἄγων γράμματα ςʹ. Λεπτὸν σατὸν ἄγει γράμματα γʹ. Λεπτόν ἐστι σταθμίον ὀγκίας τὸ τέταρτον, περὶ οὗ ὁ Κύριος λέγει [Ματθ. ιʹ, 29]: «Οὐχὶ δύο στρουθία ἀσσαρίου πωλεῖται;». Ἀσσὰρ δὲ ἑβραϊστὶ ἐλαττούμενον καλεῖται. Μιλιαρίσιον καὶ χρυσοῦν καὶ ἥμισυ τοῦ ἀργυρίου ἄγει ὀγκίας ιʹ. Νόμισμα λιτρῶν ρκεʹ. Νόμισμα ἄλλο γραμμάτων γʹ. Νουμμὸν [γρ. Νοῦμμον]. Νουμᾶς τις βασιλεὺς Ῥωμαίων ἐποίησε, καὶ πρὸς τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ἐκλήθη. Ὀβολὸς ὁ οὐκ ἐξ ἀργυρίου, ἀλλὰ ἀπὸ σιδήρου πεποιημένος ἄγει γράμματα γʹ. Ὀβολὸς ὁ ἐξ ἀργυρίον ἄγει