1

Against the Eunomians (oration 27)

FIRST THEOLOGICAL ORATION AGAINST THE EUNOMIANS: A PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE

1 My discourse is against those who are elegant in speech. And that I may begin from Scripture: Behold, I am against thee, O thou insolent one. For there are, there are some, who tickle their hearing and their tongue, and now, as I see, even their hand, with our words, and who delight in profane babblings, and oppositions of knowledge falsely so called, and in disputes of words which lead to no useful purpose. For so Paul calls everything superfluous and over-curious in speech, he, the herald and confirmer of the abbreviated word, the disciple and teacher of fishermen. But these men, of whom my discourse is, would that, just as they have a ready tongue, clever at attacking nobler and more approved arguments, they would busy themselves, at least a little, with their actions as well, and perhaps they would be less sophists and strange and paradoxical tumblers of words, that I may say something laughable about a laughable matter.

2 But since, having destroyed every path of piety, they look to this one thing alone, how they may bind or loose some question that is propounded, - just as in the theaters those who make a show of wrestling, and of wrestling matches not such as lead to victory according to the rules of the sport, but such as deceive the eye of those ignorant of such things and captivate the applauder. -and every marketplace must be buzzed about with their speeches, and every banquet be wearied with nonsense and unpleasantness, and every festival and all mourning, the one be un-festive and full of dejection, the other be consoled by a greater calamity in their questionings, and every women's quarter, companion of simplicity, be disturbed, and the flower of its modesty be plundered by their glibness of speech. Since these things are so, and the evil is uncontainable and unbearable, and our great mystery is in danger of becoming a mere petty art; come now, let our spies bear with us at least this much, as we are moved with a father's compassion and, as the divine Jeremiah says, are torn in our senses, so as not to receive harshly our discourse concerning these things, and restraining their tongue a little, if they are even able, let them lend us their ear. In any case you will suffer no loss. For either we shall have spoken into the ears of those who hear, and our word will have had some fruit, your own benefit, —since the sower sows the word upon every mind, but the good and fertile ground bears fruit,— —or you will have gone away spitting on this also of ours, and having taken more material for contradiction and for railing against us, that you may feast yourselves the more. And do not be surprised, if I shall say a paradoxical thing, and contrary to your law, you who promise to know and to teach all things very youthfully and nobly, that I may not hurt you by saying ignorantly and rashly.

3 It is not for everyone, my friends, to philosophize about God, not for everyone; the matter is not so cheap and for those who crawl on the ground. I will add, nor at all times, nor to all people, nor on all subjects, but there is a time, and for whom, and to what extent. Not for everyone, because it is for those who have been examined and have advanced in contemplation, and before these things have been purified in both soul and body, or are being purified, at least for the most part. For it is not safe for the impure to touch the pure, just as it is not for a weak eye to touch a sunbeam. But when? Whenever we are at leisure from the outward filth and turmoil, and our ruling faculty is not confused by wicked and wandering images, as when one mixes beautiful letters with bad writing, or the fragrance of myrrh with mire. For it is necessary to be truly at leisure, and to know God; and when we have the opportunity, to judge the correctness of theology. But to whom? To those for whom the matter is one of serious concern, and not as if this too were one of the other things

1

Adversus Eunomianos (orat. 27)

ΛΟΓΟΣ ΘΕΟΛΟΓΙΚΟΣ ΠΡΩΤΟΣ ΠΡΟΣ ΕΥΝΟΜΙΑΝΟΥΣ ΠΡΟ∆ΙΑΛΕΞΙΣ

1 Πρὸς τοὺς ἐν λόγῳ κομψοὺς ὁ λόγος. καὶ ἵνα ἀπὸ τῆς γραφῆς ἄρξωμαι· Ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἐπὶ σὲ τὴν ὑβρίστριαν. εἰσὶ γάρ, εἰσί τινες, οἱ τὴν ἀκοὴν προσκνώμενοι καὶ τὴν γλῶσσαν, ἤδη δέ, ὡς ὁρῶ, καὶ τὴν χεῖρα, τοῖς ἡμετέροις λόγοις, καὶ χαίροντες ταῖς βεβήλοις κενοφωνίαις, καὶ ἀντιθέσεσι τῆς ψευδωνύμου γνώσεως, καὶ ταῖς εἰς οὐδὲν χρήσιμον φερούσαις λογομαχίαις. οὕτω γὰρ ὁ Παῦλος καλεῖ πᾶν τὸ ἐν λόγῳ περιττὸν καὶ περίεργον, ὁ τοῦ συντετμημένου λόγου κῆρυξ καὶ βεβαιωτής, ὁ τῶν ἁλιέων μαθητὴς καὶ διδάσκαλος. οὗτοι δέ, περὶ ὧν ὁ λόγος, εἴθε μέν, ὥσπερ τὴν γλῶσσαν εὔστροφον ἔχουσι καὶ δεινὴν ἐπιθέσθαι λόγοις εὐγενεστέροις τε καὶ δοκιμωτέ ροις, οὕτω τι καὶ περὶ τὰς πράξεις ἠσχολοῦντο μικρὸν γοῦν, καὶ ἴσως ἧττον ἂν ἦσαν σοφισταὶ καὶ κυβισταὶ λόγων ἄτοποι καὶ παρά δοξοι, ἵν' εἴπω τι καὶ γελοίως περὶ γελοίου πράγματος.

2 Ἐπεὶ δὲ πᾶσαν εὐσεβείας ὁδὸν καταλύσαντες πρὸς ἓν τοῦτο βλέπουσι μόνον, ὅ τι δήσουσιν ἢ λύσουσι τῶν προβαλλομένων, - καθάπερ ἐν τοῖς θεάτροις οἱ τὰ παλαίσματα δημοσιεύοντες, καὶ τῶν παλαισμάτων οὐχ ὅσα πρὸς νίκην φέρει κατὰ νόμους ἀθλήσεως, ἀλλ' ὅσα τὴν ὄψιν κλέπτει τῶν ἀμαθῶν τὰ τοιαῦτα καὶ συναρπάζει τὸν ἐπαινέτην. -καὶ δεῖ πᾶσαν μὲν ἀγορὰν περιβομβεῖσθαι τοῖς τούτων λόγοις, πᾶν δὲ συμπόσιον ἀποκναίεσθαι φλυαρίᾳ καὶ ἀηδίᾳ, πᾶσαν δὲ ἑορτὴν καὶ πένθος ἅπαν, τὴν μὲν ἀνέορτον εἶναι καὶ μεστὴν κατηφείας, τὸ δὲ παραμυθεῖσθαι συμφορᾷ μείζονι τοῖς ζητήμασι, πᾶσαν δὲ διοχλεῖσθαι γυναικωνῖτιν, ἁπλότητι σύντροφον, καὶ τὸ τῆς αἰδοῦς ἄνθος ἀποσυλᾶσθαι τῇ περὶ λόγον ταχύτητι. ἐπειδὴ ταῦτα οὕτω, καὶ τὸ κακὸν ἄσχετον καὶ ἀφόρητον, καὶ κινδυνεύει τεχνύδριον εἶναι τὸ μέγα ἡμῶν μυστήριον· φέρε, τοσοῦτον γοῦν ἡμῶν ἀνασχέσθωσαν οἱ κατάσκοποι σπλάγχνοις πατρικοῖς κινουμένων καί, ὅ φησιν ὁ θεῖος Ἰερεμίας, σπαρασσομένων τὰ αἰσθητήρια, ὅσον μὴ τραχέως τὸν περὶ τούτων δέξασθαι λόγον, καὶ τὴν γλῶσσαν μικρὸν ἐπισχόντες, ἂν ἄρα καὶ δύνωνται, τὴν ἀκοὴν ἡμῖν ὑποθέτωσαν. πάντως δὲ οὐδὲν ζημιωθήσεσθε. ἢ γὰρ εἰς ὦτα ἐλαλήσαμεν ἀκουόντων, καί τινα καρπὸν ἔσχεν ὁ λόγος, τὴν ὠφέλειαν τὴν ὑμετέραν, -ἐπειδὴ σπείρει μὲν ὁ σπείρων τὸν λόγον ἐπὶ πᾶσαν διάνοιαν, καρποφορεῖ δὲ ἡ καλή τε καὶ γόνιμος, -ἢ ἀπήλθετε καὶ τοῦτο ἡμῶν διαπτύσαντες, καὶ πλείονα λαβόντες ὕλην ἀντιλογίας τε καὶ τῆς καθ' ἡμῶν λοιδορίας, ἵνα καὶ μᾶλλον ὑμᾶς αὐτοὺς ἑστιάσητε. μὴ θαυμάσητε δέ, εἰ παράδοξον ἐρῶ λόγον, καὶ παρὰ τὸν ὑμέτερον νόμον, οἳ πάντα εἰδέναι τε καὶ διδάσκειν ὑπισχνεῖσθε λίαν νεα νικῶς καὶ γενναίως, ἵνα μὴ λυπῶ λέγων ἀμαθῶς καὶ θρασέως.

3 Οὐ παντός, ὦ οὗτοι, τὸ περὶ θεοῦ φιλοσοφεῖν, οὐ παντός· οὐχ οὕτω τὸ πρᾶγμα εὔωνον καὶ τῶν χαμαὶ ἐρχομένων. προσθήσω δέ, οὐδὲ πάντοτε, οὐδὲ πᾶσιν, οὐδὲ πάντα, ἀλλ' ἔστιν ὅτε, καὶ οἷς, καὶ ἐφ' ὅσον. οὐ πάντων μέν, ὅτι τῶν ἐξητασμένων καὶ διαβεβηκότων ἐν θεωρίᾳ, καὶ πρὸ τούτων καὶ ψυχὴν καὶ σῶμα κεκαθαρμένων, ἢ καθαιρομένων, τὸ μεριώτατον. μὴ καθαρῷ γὰρ ἅπτεσθαι καθαροῦ τυχὸν οὐδὲ ἀσφαλές, ὥσπερ οὐδὲ ὄψει σαθρᾷ ἡλιακῆς ἀκτῖνος. ὅτε δέ; ἡνίκα ἂν σχολὴν ἄγωμεν ἀπὸ τῆς ἔξωθεν ἰλύος καὶ ταραχῆς, καὶ μὴ τὸ ἡγεμονικὸν ἡμῶν συγχέηται τοῖς μοχθηροῖς τύποις καὶ πλανωμένοις, οἷον γράμμασι πονηροῖς ἀναμιγνύντων κάλλη γραμ μάτων, ἢ βορβόρῳ μύρων εὐωδίαν. δεῖ γὰρ τῷ ὄντι σχολάσαι, καὶ γνῶναι θεόν· καὶ ὅταν λάβωμεν καιρόν, κρίνειν θεολογίας εὐθύτητα. τίσι δέ; οἷς τὸ πρᾶγμα διὰ σπουδῆς, καὶ οὐχ ὡς ἕν τι τῶν ἄλλων καὶ τοῦτο