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De dogmate et constitutione episcoporum

ORATION 20.

Concerning dogma and the establishment of bishops.

A'. When I see the current talkativeness, and the wise men of a day, and the theologians made by hands, for whom it is enough only to wish to be wise; I long for the highest philosophy, and I seek the last standing-place, according to Jeremiah, and wish to be alone with myself. For nothing seems to me so great as to close the senses, to be outside of flesh and the world, to touch none of human affairs, except in utmost necessity, speaking to oneself and to God, to live above things seen, and always to bear in oneself the divine impressions pure, unmixed with the characters from below and the wandering ones, like an unspotted mirror of God and of divine things, both being and always becoming so, receiving light for light, and from the more obscure the more clear, until we come to the source of the effulgences here, and attain the blessed end, when the mirrors are dissolved by the truth; so that one could scarcely prevail over the matter that drags him down, either by training himself with long philosophy, and little by little separating the noble and light-bearing quality of the soul from that which is lowly and joined with darkness, or by finding God gracious, or both of these things, and making it his greatest study to look upward. But before one has, as far as possible, risen above this, and sufficiently cleansed both his ears and his mind, 35.1068 or accepted the superintendence of a soul, or approached theology, I know that it is not safe.

B'. And whence I was brought to this fear, lest you should think me more timid than is right, but might even praise my foresight, I hear Moses himself, when God was giving him oracles, that when many were called to the mountain, of whom one was Aaron with his two sons the priests, all the rest were commanded to worship from afar, but Moses alone to draw near, and the people were not to go up with him. And a little before this, lightnings, and thunders, and trumpets, and the whole mountain smoking, and dreadful threats, and such terrors kept the others below; and it was a great thing for them to hear only the voice of God, and that after having been well purified. But Moses both goes up, and enters into the cloud, and associates with God, and receives the law, for the many that of the letter, but for those above the many that of the spirit.

C'. I know Eli the priest, and a little later a certain Uzzah; the one was called to account for the transgression of his sons, which they dared to commit against the sacrifices, and this though he did not approve of their impiety, but had very often rebuked them; the other, because he dared only to touch the ark when it was jostled by the calf, saved it indeed, but was himself destroyed, God clearly guarding the reverence due to the ark. And I know that it was not safe for the multitude even to touch the walls of the temple, and for this reason they needed other walls without; nor for the sacrifices themselves to be consumed by whom, and when, and where it was not fitting; so far was it from being for anyone to approach the Holy of holies with boldness, or the veil, or the mercy-seat, or the ark, or to look upon or to touch them.

D'. Knowing these things, therefore, and that no one is worthy of the great God, and victim, and high priest, who 35.1069 has not first presented himself to God a living sacrifice, or rather, has become a holy temple of the living God and living; how could I rashly

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De dogmate et constitutione episcoporum

ΛΟΓΟΣ Κʹ.

Περὶ δόγματος καὶ καταστάσεως ἐπισκόπων.

Αʹ. Ὅταν ἴδω τὴν νῦν γλωσσαλγίαν, καὶ τοὺς αὐθημερινοὺς σοφοὺς, καὶ τοὺς χειροτονητοὺς θεολό γους, οἷς ἀρκεῖ τὸ θελῆσαι μόνον πρὸς τὸ εἶναι σοφοῖς· ποθῶ τὴν ἀνωτάτω φιλοσοφίαν, καὶ σταθμὸν ἔσχατον ἐπιζητῶ, κατὰ τὸν Ἱερεμίαν, καὶ ἐμαυτῷ μόνῳ συγγενέσθαι βούλομαι. Οὐδὲν γάρ μοι δοκεῖ τοιοῦτον, οἷον μύσαντα τὰς αἰσθήσεις, ἔξω σαρ κὸς καὶ κόσμου γενόμενον, μηδενὸς τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων προσαπτόμενον, ὅτι μὴ πᾶσα ἀνάγκη, ἑαυτῷ προσλαλοῦντα καὶ τῷ Θεῷ, ζῇν ὑπὲρ τὰ ὁρώμενα, καὶ ἀεὶ τὰς θείας ἐμφάσεις καθαρὰς ἐν ἑαυτῷ φέρειν ἀμιγεῖς τῶν κάτω χαρακτήρων καὶ πλανωμένων, οἷον ἔσοπτρον ἀκηλίδωτον Θεοῦ καὶ τῶν θείων, καὶ ὂν, καὶ ἀεὶ γινόμενον, φωτὶ προσλαμβάνοντα φῶς, καὶ ἀμαυροτέρῳ τρανότερον, μέχρις ἂν πρὸς τὴν πη γὴν ἔλθωμεν τῶν τῇδε ἀπαυγασμάτων, καὶ τύ χωμεν τοῦ μακαρίου τέλους, λυθέντων τῶν ἐσόπτρων τῇ ἀληθείᾳ· ὡς μόλις ἄν τις ἑαυτὸν, ἢ μα κρᾷ φιλοσοφίᾳ παιδαγωγήσας, καὶ ἀποῤῥηγνὺς κατὰ μικρὸν τὸ τῆς ψυχῆς εὐγενὲς, καὶ φωτοειδὲς, τοῦ ταπεινοῦ καὶ σκότῳ συνεζευγμένου, ἢ Θεοῦ τυχὼν ἵλεω, ἢ καὶ ἄμφω ταῦτα, καὶ μελέτην ὅτι μάλιστα ποιούμενος ἄνω βλέπειν, τῆς κατασπώσης ὕλης ἐπικρατήσειε. Πρὶν δὲ ταύτην ὑπερσχεῖν, ὅση δύνα μις, καὶ ἀνακαθᾶραι ἱκανῶς τά τε ὦτα καὶ τὴν διά 35.1068 νοιαν, ἢ ψυχῆς ἐπιστασίαν δέξασθαι, ἢ θεολογίᾳ προσβαλεῖν, οὐκ ἀσφαλὲς εἶναι γινώσκω.

Βʹ. Καὶ ὅθεν εἰς τοῦτο ὑπήχθην τὸ δέος, ἵνα μή με τοῦ δέοντος δειλότερον ὑπολάβοιτε, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπαινῆτε τῆς προμηθείας, ἀκούω μὲν αὐτοῦ Μωϋ σέως, ἡνίκα ἐχρημάτιζεν αὐτῷ ὁ Θεὸς, ὅτι πλειόνων εἰς τὸ ὄρος προσκεκλημένων, ὧν εἷς ἦν καὶ Ἀαρὼν σὺν τοῖς παισὶν αὐτοῦ τοῖς δύο τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν, οἱ μὲν λοιποὶ πάντες προσκυνῆσαι πόῤῥωθεν ἐκελεύσθησαν, ἐγγίσαι δὲ Μωϋσῆς μόνος, οὐ συναναβῆναι δὲ ὁ λαός. Καὶ μικρὸν πρὸ τούτων, τοὺς μὲν ἄλλους ἀστραπαὶ, καὶ βρονταὶ, καὶ σάλπιγγες, καὶ ὅλον καπνιζόμενον τὸ ὄρος, καὶ ἀπειλαὶ φρικώδεις, καὶ τοιαῦτα δείμα τα ἵστη κάτω· καὶ μέγα ἦν αὐτοῖς ἀκοῦσαι τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ φωνῆς μόνον, καὶ ταῦτα εὖ μάλα ἁγνισαμένοις. Μωϋσῆς δὲ καὶ ἄνεισι, καὶ τῆς νεφέλης εἴσω χωρεῖ, καὶ Θεῷ συγγίνεται, καὶ δέχεται νόμον, τοῖς μὲν πολ λοῖς τὸν τοῦ γράμματος, τοῖς δὲ ὑπὲρ τοὺς πολλοὺς τὸν τοῦ πνεύματος.

Γʹ. Γινώσκω δὲ Ἡλεῖ τὸν ἱερέα, καὶ μικρὸν ὕστερον Ὀζᾶν τινα· τὸν μὲν καὶ ὑπὲρ τῆς τῶν παίδων παρανομίας ἀπαιτηθέντα δίκην, ἣν ἐτόλμων κατὰ τῶν θυσιῶν, καὶ ταῦτα οὐκ ἀποδεχόμενον αὐτῶν τὴν ἀσέβειαν, ἀλλὰ πολλὰ πολλάκις ἐπιτιμήσαντα· τὸν δὲ, ὅτι τῆς κιβωτοῦ ψαῦσαι τολμήσας μόνον, περι σπασθείσης ὑπὸ τοῦ μόσχου, τὴν μὲν περιεσώσατο, αὐτὸς δὲ ἀπώλετο, φυλάσσοντος δηλαδὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ τῇ κιβωτῷ τὸ σεβάσμιον. Οἶδα δ' ἐγὼ μηδὲ τῶν τοί χων τοῦ ἱεροῦ ψαῦσαι τοῖς πολλοῖς ὂν ἀσφαλὲς, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἑτέρων ἐδεήθησαν τοίχων τῶν ἔξωθεν· μηδὲ τὰς θυσίας αὐτὰς, ὑφ' ὧν, καὶ ὅτε, καὶ οὗ μὴ καθῆκον ἦν, ἀναλίσκεσθαι· τοσούτου δεῖν πρὸς τὰ Ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων προσφοιτᾷν θαῤῥοῦντα, ἢ τὸ καταπέτασμα, ἢ τὸ ἱλαστήριον, ἢ τὴν κιβωτὸν, ἢ προσβλέπειν εἶναι παντὸς, ἢ προσάπτεσθαι.

∆ʹ. Ταῦτα οὖν εἰδὼς ἐγὼ, καὶ ὅτι μηδεὶς ἄξιος τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ, καὶ θύματος, καὶ ἀρχιερέως, ὃς 35.1069 μὴ πρότερον ἑαυτὸν παρέστησε τῷ Θεῷ θυσίαν ζῶ σαν, μᾶλλον δὲ, ναὸς ἅγιος ἐγένετο Θεοῦ ζῶντος καὶ ζῶν· πῶς ἢ αὐτὸς προχείρως