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De filio (orat. 30)

FOURTH THEOLOGICAL ORATION ON THE SON

1 Since for you we have sufficiently shaken off, by the power of the Spirit, the twists and intricacies of their reasonings, and have already resolved in summary—and not obscurely, as I persuade myself, for the more fair-minded—the objections and oppositions from the divine scriptures by which the sacrilegious robbers of the letter, who steal the sense of what is written, win over the many, and trouble the way of truth; having assigned the loftier and more God-befitting expressions to the Godhead, but the more humble and human ones to the new Adam for our sakes, and to the God who could suffer against sin; but we have not gone through them in detail, as our discourse was pressing on; and since you also seek brief solutions for these, so as not to be carried away by plausible words, we will also summarize these, dividing them into sections for the sake of easy remembrance.

2 For one thing they have is that very ready passage: The Lord created me as the beginning of his ways for his works. How shall we answer this? Shall we not accuse Solomon? Shall we not reject his former words on account of his final transgression? Shall we not say that the saying is of wisdom itself, as of a science and the Artificer's Word, according to which all things were established? For scripture knows how to personify many inanimate things, as in: The sea said thus and thus; and, The abyss said, It is not in me; and, The heavens declare the glory of God. And again a sword is given a command, and mountains and hills are asked the reason for their skipping. We say none of these things, even if some before us have laid them down as strong arguments. But let the saying be of the Savior Himself, the true Wisdom. Let us consider it a little together. What among beings is without a cause? Godhead. For no one can state a cause for God; or that would be older than God. And what is the cause of the humanity, which God undertook for our sakes? That we might be saved, of course. For what else? Since, therefore, we clearly find here both He created and He begets me, the reasoning is simple. What we find with a cause, let us assign to the humanity; but what is simple and without a cause, let us reckon to the Godhead. Is not He created, then, spoken with a cause? For He created me, it says, as the beginning of his ways for his works. And the works of His hands are truth and judgment, for which He was anointed with Godhead. For this is the anointing of the humanity. But He begets me is without a cause; or show me something attached to it. What argument, then, can contradict that Wisdom is called a creature according to the lower generation, but an offspring according to the first and more incomprehensible generation?

3 And to this follows His being called a servant who serves many well, and that it is a great thing for Him to be called a child of God. For in reality he served the flesh, and birth, and our passions, for the sake of our freedom, and all whom He has saved, who were held by sin. And what is greater for human lowliness than to be fashioned into God, and to become God from the union, and to be so visited by the dayspring from on high, that the Holy One who was born should also be called Son of the Most High, and that the name which is above every name should be graciously given to Him? And what else is this but God? And that every knee should bow to Him who emptied Himself for us, and blended the divine image with the form of a servant, and that all the house of Israel should know that God has made him both Lord and Christ? For these things came to pass by the energy of the Begotten, but by the good pleasure of the Begetter.

4 Second, what is one of their greatest and irrefutable points? For he must reign until this point, and be received by heaven until the times of restoration, and the from

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De filio (orat. 30)

ΛΟΓΟΣ ΘΕΟΛΟΓΙΚΟΣ ΤΕΤΑΡΤΟΣ ΠΕΡΙ ΥΙΟΥ

1 Ἐπειδή σοι τὰς μὲν ἐκ τῶν λογισμῶν στροφὰς καὶ πλοκὰς ἱκανῶς διεσείσαμεν τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ πνεύματος, τὰς δὲ παρὰ τῶν θείων γραφῶν ἐνστάσεις τε καὶ ἀντιθέσεις, αἷς οἱ τοῦ γράμματος ἱερόσυλοι καὶ τὸν νοῦν τῶν γεγραμμένων κλέπτοντες τοὺς πολλοὺς σφετερίζονται, καὶ τὴν ὁδὸν τῆς ἀληθείας ταράσσουσι, συλλήβδην μὲν ἤδη λελύκαμεν, καὶ οὐκ ἀμυδρῶς, ὡς ἐμαυτὸν πείθω, τοῖς εὐγνωμονεστέροις· τὰς μὲν ὑψηλοτέρας καὶ θεοπρεπεστέρας φωνὰς προσνείμαντες τῇ θεότητι, τὰς δὲ ταπεινοτέρας καὶ ἀνθρωπικω τέρας τῷ νέῳ δι' ἡμᾶς Ἀδὰμ καὶ θεῷ παθητῷ κατὰ τῆς ἁμαρτίας· τοῖς δὲ καθ' ἕκαστον οὐκ ἐπεξεληλύθαμεν, ἐπειγομένου τοῦ λόγου· σὺ δὲ καὶ τούτων ἐπιζητεῖς ἐν βραχεῖ τὰς λύσεις, τοῦ μὴ παρα σύρεσθαι λόγοις πιθανότητος, ἡμεῖς καὶ ταύτας κεφαλαιώσομεν εἰς ἀριθμοὺς διελόντες διὰ τὸ εὐμνημόνευτον.

2 Ἔστι γὰρ ἓν μὲν αὐτοῖς ἐκεῖνο καὶ λίαν πρόχειρον τό· Κύριος ἔκτισέ με ἀρχὴν ὁδῶν αὐτοῦ εἰς ἔργα αὐτοῦ. πρὸς ὃ πῶς ἀπαν τησόμεθα; οὐ Σολομῶντος κατηγορήσομεν; οὐ τὰ πρὶν ἀθετήσο μεν διὰ τὴν τελευταίαν παράπτωσιν; οὐχὶ τῆς σοφίας αὐτῆς ἐροῦμεν εἶναι τὸν λόγον, τῆς οἷον ἐπιστήμης καὶ τοῦ τεχνίτου λόγου, καθ' ὃν τὰ πάντα συνέστη; πολλὰ γὰρ ἡ γραφὴ προσωποποιεῖν οἶδε καὶ τῶν ἀψύχων, ὡς τό· Ἡ θάλασσα εἶπε τάδε καὶ τάδε· καί, Ἡ ἄβυσσος εἶπεν, οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἐμοί· καί, Οἱ οὐρανοὶ διηγούμενοι δόξαν θεοῦ. καὶ πάλιν ῥομφαία τι διακελεύεται, καὶ ὄρη καὶ βουνοὶ λόγους ἐρωτῶνται σκιρτήσεως. τούτων οὐδέν φαμεν, εἰ καί τισι τῶν πρὸ ἡμῶν ὡς ἰσχυρὰ τέθειται. ἀλλ' ἔστω τοῦ σωτῆρος αὐτοῦ, τῆς ἀλη θινῆς σοφίας, ὁ λόγος. μικρὸν δὲ συνδιασκεψώμεθα. τί τῶν ὄντων ἀναίτιον; θεότης. οὐδεὶς γὰρ αἰτίαν εἰπεῖν ἔχει θεοῦ· ἢ τοῦτο ἂν εἴη θεοῦ πρεσβύτερον. τίς δὲ τῆς ἀνθρωπότητος, ἣν δι' ἡμᾶς ὑπέστη θεός, αἰτία; τὸ σωθῆναι πάντως ἡμᾶς. τί γὰρ ἕτερον; ἐπειδὴ τοίνυν ἐνταῦθα καὶ τὸ Ἔκτισε καὶ τὸ Γεννᾷ με σαφῶς εὑρίσκομεν, ἁπλοῦς ὁ λόγος. ὃ μὲν ἂν μετὰ τῆς αἰτίας εὑρίσκωμεν, προσθῶμεν τῇ ἀνθρωπότητι· ὃ δὲ ἁπλοῦν καὶ ἀναίτιον, τῇ θεότητι λογισώ μεθα. ἆρ' οὖν οὐ τὸ μὲν Ἔκτισεν εἴρηται μετὰ τῆς αἰτίας; Ἔκτισε γάρ μέ, φησιν, ἀρχὴν ὁδῶν αὐτοῦ εἰς ἔργα αὐτοῦ. ἔργα δὲ χειρῶν αὐτοῦ ἀλήθεια καὶ κρίσις, ὧν ἕνεκεν ἐχρίσθη θεότητι. χρίσις γὰρ αὕτη τῆς ἀνθρωπότητος. τὸ δὲ Γεννᾷ με χωρὶς αἰτίας· ἢ δεῖξόν τι τούτῳ προσκείμενον. τίς οὖν ἀντερεῖ λόγος, κτίσμα μὲν λέγεσθαι τὴν σοφίαν κατὰ τὴν κάτω γέννησιν, γέννημα δὲ κατὰ τὴν πρώτην καὶ πλέον ἄληπτον;

3 Τούτῳ δὲ ἕπεται καὶ τὸ δοῦλον ἀκούειν εὖ δουλεύοντα πολλοῖς, καὶ τὸ μέγα εἶναι αὐτῷ κληθῆναι παῖδα θεοῦ. τῷ ὄντι γὰρ ἐδού λευσε σαρκί, καὶ γενέσει, καὶ πάθεσι τοῖς ἡμετέροις, διὰ τὴν ἡμε τέραν ἐλευθερίαν, καὶ πᾶσιν οἷς σέσωκεν ὑπὸ τῆς ἁμαρτίας κατεχο μένοις. τί δὲ μεῖζον ἀνθρώπου ταπεινότητι ἢ θεῷ πλακῆναι, καὶ γενέσθαι θεὸν ἐκ τῆς μίξεως, καὶ τοσοῦτον ἐπισκεφθῆναι ἀνατολῇ ἐξ ὕψους, ὥστε καὶ τὸ γεννώμενον ἅγιον υἱὸν ὑψίστου κληθῆναι, καὶ χαρισθῆναι αὐτῷ τὸ ὄνομα τὸ ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα; τοῦτο δὲ τί ποτε ἄλλο ἐστὶν ἢ θεός; καὶ τὸ πᾶν γόνυ κάμψαι τῷ κενωθέντι δι' ἡμᾶς, καὶ τὴν θείαν εἰκόνα δουλικῇ μορφῇ συγκεράσαντι, καὶ γνῶναι πάντα οἶκον Ἰσραήλ, ὅτι καὶ κύριον αὐτὸν καὶ Χριστὸν ὁ θεὸς ἐποίησεν; γέγονε γὰρ ταῦτα ἐνεργείᾳ μὲν τοῦ γεννήματος, εὐδοκίᾳ δὲ τοῦ γεννήτορος.

4 ∆εύτερον δὲ τί τῶν μεγίστων αὐτοῖς καὶ ἀμάχων; δεῖ γὰρ αὐτὸν βασιλεύειν ἄχρι τοῦδε, καὶ ὑπ' οὐρανοῦ δεχθῆναι ἄχρι χρόνων ἀποκαταστάσεως, καὶ τὴν ἐκ