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Epistula ad monachos

Of our father among the saints, John Chrysostom, a letter to monks

The divine apostle says: pray without ceasing, without anger and reasonings; for every thought that separates the mind from God, even if it seems to be good, is entirely diabolical, that I may not say it is of the devil; for the entire struggle of the devil is this, that he might separate and lead the mind astray from God and drag it into worldly cares and pleasures; he suggests from within the heart commandments and good deeds and certain other reasonable or even unreasonable notions, to which one ought not to pay any attention at all.

And the whole struggle of the soul is not to separate the mind from God nor to combine with and agree with impure thoughts nor to pay attention to what the all-blameworthy and ancient painter, the devil, depicts in the heart, sometimes images, sometimes faces and figures. After all these things the devil is transfigured and the wretched man, standing in one place, thinks he is somewhere else, being deceived, and seems to see certain people and to speak with faces and to arrange matters which are of diabolical deception. It is necessary, therefore, to secure and guide the mind and to bridle it and to punish every thought and every energy of the evil one through the invocation of the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. And where the body stands, there let the mind also be, so that between God and the heart nothing else may be found as a middle wall or as a barrier, overshadowing the heart and separating it from God.

And if ever it seizes the mind, one must not linger in thoughts, lest the consent to the thoughts be counted to him as a deed before the Lord on the day of judgment, when God will judge the secret things of men. Therefore be at leisure always and remain with the Lord our God, until He has mercy on us, and seek nothing else but mercy alone in a humble and pitiful heart. Seek and cry from morning until evening, if possible, and the whole night: Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on us. I beseech you, therefore, force your mind to this work until death. For this work requires much violence, because narrow is the gate and afflicted is the way that leads to life, and those who use force enter into it; for the kingdom of heaven is of the violent. I beseech you, therefore, do not separate your hearts from God, but abide and keep it with the remembrance of our Lord Jesus Christ always, until the name of the Lord is implanted within the heart; and think of nothing else than that Christ may be magnified in you. I beseech you, therefore, never cease from the rule of this prayer, but whether you eat or drink or travel or do anything, cry without ceasing: Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on us, so that this remembrance of the name of our Lord Jesus Christ may stir up war against the enemies. For the soul that forces itself is able to find all things through remembrance, whether evil or good, but first it is able to see the evil things within the heart, and then the good.

For remembrance is able to humble him. Remembrance is able to convict the sin dwelling in us and remembrance is able to consume it. Remembrance is able to move all the power of the enemy in the heart and remembrance is able to conquer and uproot it piece by piece; for the part of the name of our Lord Jesus Christ descending into the depth of the heart the dragon who holds the pastures

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Epistula ad monachos

Τοῦ ἐν ἁγίοις πατρὸς ἡμῶν Ἰωάννου τοῦ Χρυσοστόμου ἐπιστολὴ πρὸς μοναχοὺς

Φησὶν ὁ θεῖος ἀπόστολος· ἀδιαλείπτως προσεύχεσθε χωρὶς ὀργῆς καὶ

διαλογισμῶν· πᾶς γὰρ λογισμὸς χωρίζων νοῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ, εἰ καὶ δοκεῖ ἀγαθὸς εἶναι, ἀλλ' ὅλος διάβολός ἐστιν, ἵνα μὴ εἴπω τοῦ διαβόλου ἐστίν· ὅλος γὰρ ὁ ἀγὼν τοῦ διαβόλου τοῦτό ἐστιν, ἵνα ἀποχωρίσῃ καὶ ἀποβουκολήσῃ τὸν νοῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ εἰς τὰς κοσμικὰς περισύρῃ φροντίδας καὶ ἡδονάς· ἐντολὰς καὶ εὐποιίας ὑπαγορεύει ἔσωθεν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ καὶ ἄλλας τινὰς εὐλόγους ἢ καὶ ἀλόγους ἐννοίας, αἷς οὐ προσέχειν ὅλως προσήκει.

Ὅλος δὲ ὁ ἀγὼν τῆς ψυχῆς ἐστι τοῦ μὴ χωρίζειν τὸν νοῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ μηδὲ συνδυάζειν καὶ συμφρονεῖν τοῖς ἀκαθάρτοις λογισμοῖς μηδὲ προσέχειν οἷς εἰκονογραφεῖ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ὁ παντομώμητος καὶ παλαιὸς ζωγράφος διάβολος, ποτὲ μὲν τύπους, ποτὲ δὲ πρόσωπα καὶ σχήματα. Μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα πάντα ὁ διάβολος ἀπομορφοῦται καὶ ὁ ἄθλιος ἄνθρωπος ἐν ἑνὶ τόπῳ ἑστὼς νομίζει ἀλλαχοῦ ποῦ ποτε εἶναι ἀπατώμενος καὶ δοκεῖν βλέπειν τινὰς καὶ προσώποις λαλεῖν καὶ διατάσσεσθαι πράγματα ἅπερ πλάνης εἰσὶ διαβολικῆς. Χρὴ οὖν ἀσφαλίζεσθαι καὶ ἡνιοχεῖν τὸν νοῦν καὶ χαλιναγωγεῖν αὐτὸν καὶ πάντα λογισμὸν καὶ πᾶσαν τοῦ πονηροῦ ἐνέργειαν κολάζειν διὰ τῆς ἐπικλήσεως τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Καὶ ὅπου τὸ σῶμα ἵσταται ἐκεῖ καὶ ὁ νοῦς ἔστω, ἵνα μέσον τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ τῆς καρδίας μηδὲν ἕτερον εὑρίσκηται ὡς μεσότοιχον ἢ ὡς φραγμὸς ἐπισκοτῶν τὴν καρδίαν καὶ χωρίζων ἀπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ.

Ἐὰν δὲ καί ποτε ἁρπάζῃ τὸν νοῦν, οὐ χρὴ τοῖς λογισμοῖς ἐγχρονίζειν, ἵνα μὴ ἡ συγκατάθεσις τῶν λογισμῶν εἰς πρᾶξιν αὐτῷ λογισθῇ ἐνώπιον Κυρίου ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κρίσεως, ὅτε κρινεῖ ὁ Θεὸς τὰ κρυπτὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων. Σχολάσατε τοίνυν διὰ παντὸς καὶ παραμείνατε Κυρίῳ τῷ Θεῷ ἡμῶν, ἕως οὗ οἰκτειρήσῃ ἡμᾶς καὶ μηδὲν ἕτερον ζητήσητε ἢ μόνον ἔλεος ἐν ταπεινῇ καὶ ἐλεεινῇ καρδίᾳ. Ζητεῖτε καὶ βοᾶτε ἀπὸ πρωῒ ἕως ἑσπέρας, εἰ δυνατόν, καὶ ὅλην τὴν νύκτα τό· Κύριε Ἰησοῦ Χριστέ, υἱὲ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἐλέησον ἡμᾶς. Παρακαλῶ οὖν ὑμᾶς βιάσασθε τὸν νοῦν ὑμῶν εἰς τοῦτο τὸ ἔργον ἕως θανάτου. Πολλῆς γὰρ βίας χρῄζει τὸ ἔργον τοῦτο, ὅτι στενή ἐστιν ἡ πύλη καὶ τεθλιμμένη ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ ἀπάγουσα εἰς τὴν ζωὴν καὶ οἱ βιαζόμενοι εἰσέρχονται ἐν αὐτῇ· βιαστῶν γάρ ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν. Παρακαλῶ οὖν ὑμᾶς μὴ χωρίζετε τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἀλλὰ προσμένετε καὶ φυλάττετε αὐτὴν μετὰ τῆς μνήμης τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ πάντοτε, ἕως οὗ ἐμφυτευθῇ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Κυρίου ἔσω ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ· καὶ μηδὲν ἕτερον ἐννοεῖτε ἢ ἵνα μεγαλυνθῇ Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν. Παρακαλῶ οὖν ὑμᾶς τὸν κανόνα ταύτης τῆς προσευχῆς μηδέποτε καταπαύσητε, ἀλλ' εἴτε ἐσθίετε εἴτε πίνετε εἴτε ὁδεύετε εἴτε τι ποιεῖτε ἀδιαλείπτως κράζετε· Κύριε Ἰησοῦ Χριστέ, υἱὲ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἐλέησον ἡμᾶς, ἵνα αὕτη ἡ μνήμη τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐρεθίσῃ πρὸς πόλεμον τῶν ἐχθρῶν. Πάντα γὰρ διὰ τῆς μνήμης ἔχει εὑρεῖν ἡ βιαζομένη ψυχὴ εἴτε πονηρὰ εἴτε ἀγαθά, πρότερον δὲ τὰ κακὰ ἔχει ἰδεῖν ἔσω ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ καὶ τότε τὰ καλά.

Ἡ γὰρ μνήμη ἔχει αὐτὸν ταπεινῶσαι. Ἡ μνήμη ἔχει ἐλέγξαι τὴν ἐν ἡμῖν οἰκοῦσαν ἁμαρτίαν καὶ ἡ μνήμη ἔχει αὐτὴν δαπανῆσαι. Ἡ μνήμη ἔχει κινῆσαι πᾶσαν τὴν δύναμιν τοῦ ἐχθροῦ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ καὶ ἡ μνήμη ἔχει αὐτὴν νικῆσαι καὶ ἐκριζῶσαι κατὰ μέρος· κατερχόμενον γὰρ τὸ μέρος τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ εἰς τὸν βυθὸν τῆς καρδίας τὸν μὲν δράκοντα τὸν κρατοῦντα τὰς νομὰς