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On the Second Epistle to the Thessalonians (Homilies 1-5)

COMMENTARY OF OUR FATHER AMONG THE SAINTS, JOHN, ARCHBISHOP OF CONSTANTINOPLE, CHRYSOSTOM, ON THE SECOND EPISTLE TO THE

THESSALONIANS.

62.467 ARGUMENT. HOMILY I.

1. Having said in the first epistle, that “We pray night and day to see you,” and that “we could no longer forbear, 62.468 but were left at Athens alone,” and that “I sent Timothy,” by all these things he shows his desire, which he had, to come to them. Since, then, he was not able, perhaps, to go, and to supply what was lacking in their faith, for this reason he adds the second epistle, 62.469 supplying by his letters what was lacking from his presence. For that he did not go, one may conjecture from this; for in writing he says: “Now we beseech you...concerning the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ.” For also in the first epistle he had said: that “But of the times and the seasons, you have no need that I write unto you.” So that if he had come, he would not have needed to write anything; but since the question was postponed, for this reason he adds this epistle, just as also in the epistle to Timothy he says, that some "overthrow the faith of some, saying that the resurrection is past already." And this they did, so that the faithful, hoping for nothing great or glorious any longer, might give up in the face of their labors. For since hope sustained them, and did not allow them to yield to present things, the devil, wishing to cut away this anchor, as it were, since he was not strong enough to persuade them that the things to come were false, came by another way, and having suborned certain pestilent men, he attempted to deceive those who were persuaded, that those great and glorious things had already come to an end. Then, therefore, they were saying that the resurrection had already happened; but now they were saying that the judgment and the coming of Christ was at hand, so that they might both subject Christ Himself to falsehood, and having persuaded them that there is no longer a recompense, nor a tribunal and chastisement and punishment for those who have done evil, they might make the one sort more audacious, and the other more downcast; and what was indeed most grievous of all, some attempted to simply report sayings, as if these were said by Paul, while others even forged letters as if written by him. For this reason, walling off every assault from them, he says: “be not soon shaken...neither by spirit, nor by word, nor by letter as from us.” “Neither by spirit,” he says, alluding to the false prophets. How then shall we know? he says. Through the addition; for for this reason he added: “The salutation of Paul with mine own hand, which is the token in every epistle: so I write.” “The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all.” He does not say this, that this is the token; for it is likely that others could imitate this as well, but that “I write the salutation with my own hand”; just as is the case now with us; for from the signature the letters of the senders become known. And he exhorts them, who were greatly afflicted by evils, both by praising them for their present state, and from the things to come; and by urging them on from the punishment of the wicked and the recompense of the good things prepared for them, he goes through the topic more clearly, not revealing the time itself, but declaring the sign of the time, the antichrist. Most of all

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In epistulam ii ad Thessalonicenses (homiliae 1-5)

ΤΟΥ ΕΝ ΑΓΙΟΙΣ ΠΑΤΡΟΣ ΗΜΩΝ ΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ ΑΡΧΙΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΥ ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΥΠΟΛΕΩΣ ΤΟΥ ΧΡΥΣΟΣΤΟΜΟΥ ΥΠΟΜΝΗΜΑ ΕΙΣ ΤΗΝ ΠΡΟΣ

ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΕΙΣ ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΗΝ ∆ΕΥΤΕΡΑΝ.

62.467 ΥΠΟΘΕΣΙΣ. ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Αʹ.

αʹ. Εἰπὼν ἐν τῇ προτέρᾳ ἐπιστολῇ, ὅτι Εὐχόμεθα νύκτα καὶ ἡμέραν ἰδεῖν ὑμᾶς, καὶ ὅτι Οὐ στέ 62.468 γομεν, ἀλλ' ἐν Ἀθήναις κατελείφθημεν μόνοι, καὶ ὅτι Ἔπεμψα Τιμόθεον, διὰ τούτων πάντων τὸν πόθον αὐτοῦ δηλοῖ, ὃν εἶχεν, ὥστε παραγενέσθαι πρὸς αὐτούς. Ἐπεὶ οὖν οὐκ ἔφθασεν ἴσως ἀπελθεῖν, καὶ καταρτίσαι τὰ ὑστερήματα τῆς πίστεως αὐτῶν, τούτου χάριν τὴν δευτέραν προστίθησιν ἐπιστολὴν, τὸ ἐλλει 62.469 φθὲν ἀπὸ τῆς παρουσίας διὰ τῶν γραμμάτων ἀναπληρῶν. Ὅτι γὰρ οὐκ ἀπῆλθεν, ἐκεῖθεν ἔστι στοχάσασθαι· γράφων γάρ φησιν· Ἐρωτῶμεν δὲ ὑμᾶς ὑπὲρ τῆς παρουσίας τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Καὶ γὰρ ἐν τῇ προτέρᾳ ἐπιστολῇ ἔλεγεν· ὅτι Περὶ τῶν χρόνων καὶ τῶν καιρῶν οὐ χρείαν ἔχετε γράφεσθαι ὑμῖν. Ὥστε εἰ παρεγένετο, οὐδὲν ἂν ἐδεήθη γράψαι· ἐπειδὴ δὲ τὸ ζήτημα ὑπερετίθη, τούτου χάριν προστίθησι ταύτην τὴν ἐπιστολὴν, καθάπερ καὶ ἐν τῇ πρὸς Τιμόθεόν φησιν, ὅτι Ἀνατρέπουσι τήν τινων πίστιν τινὲς, λέγοντες τὴν ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι. Τοῦτο δὲ ἐποίουν, ἵνα μηδὲν μέγα λοιπὸν ἢ λαμπρὸν ἐλπίσαντες οἱ πιστοὶ, ἀπαγορεύσωσι πρὸς τοὺς πόνους. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ αὐτοὺς ἡ ἐλπὶς διεβάσταζε, καὶ οὐκ ἠφίει πρὸς τὰ παρόντα ἐνδοῦναι, καθάπερ τινὰ ἄγκυραν ὁ διάβολος ἀποκόψαι βουλόμενος, ἐπειδὴ οὐκ ἴσχυσε πεῖσαι ὅτι ψευδῆ τὰ μέλλοντα, ἑτέραν ἦλθεν ὁδὸν, καὶ καταθεὶς ἀνθρώπους τινὰς λυμεῶνας, ἐπεχείρει τοὺς πειθομένους ἀπατᾷν, ὅτι τὰ μεγάλα ἐκεῖνα καὶ λαμπρὰ τέλος εἴληφε. Τότε μὲν οὖν ἔλεγον ἐκεῖνοι τὴν ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι· νῦν δὲ ἔλεγον, ὅτι ἐνέστηκεν ἡ κρίσις, καὶ ἡ παρουσία τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἵνα καὶ τὸν Χριστὸν αὐτὸν ψεύδει ὑποβάλωσι, καὶ πείσαντες ὡς οὐκ ἔστι λοιπὸν ἀντίδοσις, οὐδὲ δικαστήριον καὶ κόλασις καὶ τιμωρία τοῖς κακῶς πεποιηκόσιν, ἐκείνους τε θρασυτέρους ἐργάσωνται, καὶ τούτους ταπεινοτέρους· καὶ τὸ δὴ πάντων χαλεπώτερον, ἐπεχείρουν οἱ μὲν ἁπλῶς ῥήματα ἀπαγγέλλειν, ὡς παρὰ τοῦ Παύλου ταῦτα λεγόμενα, οἱ δὲ καὶ ἐπιστολὰς πλάττειν ὡς παρ' ἐκείνου γραφείσας. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο πᾶσαν αὐτοῖς ἀποτειχίζων ἔφοδον, φησί· Μὴ θροεῖσθε, μήτε διὰ πνεύματος, μήτε διὰ λόγου, μήτε δι' ἐπιστολῆς, ὡς δι' ἡμῶν. Μήτε διὰ πνεύματος, φησὶ, τοὺς ψευδοπροφήτας αἰνιττόμενος. Πόθεν οὖν εἰσόμεθα, φησί; ∆ιὰ τῆς προσθήκης· διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο προσέθηκεν· Ὁ ἀσπασμὸς τῇ ἐμῇ χειρὶ Παύλου, ὅ ἐστι σημεῖον ἐν πάσῃ ἐπιστολῇ· οὕτω γράφω. Ἡ χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν. Οὐ τοῦτό φησιν, ὅτι τοῦτο σημεῖον· τοῦτο γὰρ εἰκὸς καὶ ἄλλους μιμήσασθαι, ἀλλ' ὅτι τὸν ἀσπασμὸν τῇ ἐμῇ χειρὶ γράφω· καθάπερ καὶ νῦν ἐφ' ἡμῶν ἐστιν· ἀπὸ γὰρ τῆς ὑπογραφῆς δῆλα γίνεται τὰ γράμματα τῶν πεμπόντων. Παρακαλεῖ δὲ αὐτοὺς σφόδρα τεταριχευμένους ὑπὸ τῶν κακῶν, ἀπό τε τῶν παρόντων ἐγκωμιάζων, ἀπό τε τῶν μελλόντων· καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς κολάσεώς τε καὶ τῆς ἀνταποδόσεως τῶν ἀγαθῶν τῶν ἡτοιμασμένων αὐτοῖς προτρέπων, σαφέστερον ἐπεξέρχεται τῷ τόπῳ, τὸν μὲν καιρὸν οὐκ ἀποκαλύπτων αὐτὸν, τὸ δὲ τοῦ καιροῦ σημεῖον, τὸν ἀντίχριστον, δηλῶν. Μάλιστα