John Chrysostom, On New Sunday and on Apostle Thomas

In novam dominicam et in apostolum Thomam

SPURIOUS. ON THE NEW SUNDAY And on the Apostle Thomas.

63.927 I have come in haste to pay the remaining debt. For though I am poor, yet I earnestly seek your goodwill. I promised to show you the unbelief of Thomas; and indeed I am here to render this to you; for I am eager to pay the first debts first, so that I may not be overwhelmed by the accumulating interest. Cooperate with me, therefore, in the payment of the debt, and beseech Thomas, that by placing upon my lips his holy right hand which touched the Master’s side, he may strengthen my tongue for the explanation of the things you desire. And I, taking courage in the intercessions of the apostle and martyr Thomas, preach his former doubt and his second confession, which are the foundation and cornerstone of our Church. When the Savior entered to his disciples while the doors were shut, and again went out as he had entered, Thomas alone was absent.

And this too was a work of divine providence, so that the separation of the disciple became the cause of greater security and certainty. For if Thomas had been present, he would certainly not have doubted; and if he had not doubted, he would not have sought inquisitively; and if he had not sought, he would not have touched; and if he had not touched, he would not have proclaimed him Lord and God; and if he had not called Christ Lord and God, we would not have been taught to praise him so. So that even by not being present, Thomas guided us to the truth, and by arriving later, he made us more steadfast in the faith. The disciples, therefore, said to Thomas when he came in last, We have seen the Lord, we have seen the one who said, 'I am the light of the world'; we have seen the one who said, 'I am the resurrection and the life and the truth'; and we have found the truth of his words shining in the facts; we have seen the one who said, 'After three days I will rise'; and having seen the resurrection, we have worshipped the risen one; we have heard him say to us, 'Peace be with you,' and we have turned the storm of grief to the joy of calm; we have beheld his hands that received the points of the nails, we have beheld the hands that cry out against the madness of the god-fighting dogs, we have beheld the hands that have woven incorruptibility for us, we have beheld also the side that proclaims more brilliantly than any herald the compassion of the one who was struck; we have beheld that very side, which angels praise, and the faithful revere, and demons dread. We have also received a divine breath from his divine mouth, a spiritual breath, a breath that bestows all grace. We have been appointed by the Master as masters of the forgiveness of sins; we have also become lords of the judgment of sinners, having received from him such a word as a command: If you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven them; if you retain the sins of any, they are retained. Su

ch words of the Savior have we delighted, such gifts have we enjoyed; for it was not possible for us not to be enriched, having met with a rich Master; but you alo 63.928 ne remained poor by not being present. What then did Thomas say to them? You have seen the Lord? Good. Therefore, the one whom you have beheld, revere him the more; the one whom you have seen, continue proclaiming. But as for me, 'Unless I see in his hands the mark of the nails, and place my finger into the mark of the nails, and place my hand into his side, I will not believe.' But you would not

In novam dominicam et in apostolum Thomam

ΝΟΘΑ. ΕΙΣ ΤΗΝ ΚΑΙΝΗΝ ΚΥΡΙΑΚΗΝ Καὶ εἰς τὸν ἀπόστολον Θωμᾶν.

63.927 Ἥκω τὸ περιλειφθὲν ὄφλημα καταβαλεῖν ἐπειγόμενος. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ πένης

εἰμὶ, ἀλλὰ τὴν εὐγνωμοσύνην ὑμῶν ἐκβιάζομαι. Ὑπεσχόμην ὑποδεικνύναι τοῦ Θωμᾶ τὴν ἀπιστίαν· καὶ δὴ πάρειμι ταύτην ἀποδώσων ὑμῖν· προθυμοῦμαι γὰρ τὰς πρώτας ὀφειλὰς πρῶτον ἀποτιννύειν, ἵνα μὴ τοῖς ἐπισυναγομένοις τόκοις κατασχεθῶ. Συμπράξατε οὖν μοι πρὸς τὴν τοῦ χρέους καταβολὴν, καὶ καθικετεύσατε τὸν Θωμᾶν, ἵνα τὴν ἁγίαν αὐτοῦ δεξιὰν τὴν ἁψαμένην τῆς τοῦ ∆εσπότου πλευρᾶς τοῖς ἐμοῖς χείλεσιν ἐπιθεὶς, νευρώσῃ μου τὴν γλῶτταν πρὸς τὴν ἐξήγησιν τῶν ποθουμένων ὑμῖν. Ἐγὼ δὲ ταῖς πρεσβείαις τοῦ ἀποστόλου καὶ μάρτυρος Θωμᾶ θαῤῥῶν, κηρύττω τὴν προτέραν ἀμφιβολίαν αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὴν δευτέραν ὁμολογίαν, τῆς Ἐκκλησίας ἡμῶν κρηπῖδα τυγχάνουσαν καὶ θεμέλιον. Εἰσελθόντος τοῦ Σωτῆρος πρὸς τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ μαθητὰς κεκλεισμένων τῶν θυρῶν, καὶ πάλιν ἐξελθόντος ὥσπερ εἰσῆλθεν, ὁ Θωομᾶς ἀπελιμπάνετο μόνος.

Ἦν δὲ καὶ τοῦτο θείας οἰκονομίας ἔργον, ὥστε τὸν χωρισμὸν τοῦ μαθητοῦ πρόξενον γενέσθαι πλείονος ἀσφαλείας καὶ βεβαιότητος. Εἰ γὰρ παρῆν ὁ Θωμᾶς, οὐκ ἂν πάντως ἀμφέβαλλεν· εἰ δὲ μὴ ἀμφέβαλλεν, οὐκ ἂν περιέργως ἐζήτησεν· εἰ δὲ μὴ ἐζήτησεν, οὐκ ἂν ἐψηλάφησεν· εἰ δὲ μὴ ἐψηλάφησεν, οὐκ ἂν Κύριον καὶ Θεὸν ἀνηγόρευσεν· εἰ δὲ μὴ Κύριον καὶ Θεὸν τὸν Χριστὸν ἀπεκάλεσεν, οὐκ ἂν ἡμεῖς οὕτως αὐτὸν ἀνυμνεῖν ἐδιδάχθημεν. Ὥστε καὶ μὴ παρὼν ὁ Θωμᾶς ἡμᾶς πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἐποδήγησε, καὶ παραγενόμενος ὕστερον βεβαιοτέρους περὶ τὴν πίστιν ἐποίησεν. Ἔλεγον τοίνυν οἱ μαθηταὶ τῷ Θωμᾷ τελευταῖον ἐπεισελθόντι, Ἑωράκαμεν τὸν Κύριον, ἑωράκαμεν τὸν εἰπόντα, Ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου· ἑωράκαμεν τὸν εἰπόντα, Ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἀνάστασις καὶ ἡ ζωὴ καὶ ἡ ἀλήθειᾳ· καὶ τῶν λόγων τὴν ἀλήθειαν εὕρομεν τοῖς πράγμασι λάμπουσαν· ἑωράκαμεν τὸν εἰπόντα, Μετὰ τρεῖς ἡμέρας ἐγείρομαι· καὶ τὴν ἀνάστασιν ἰδόντες, τὸν ἀναστάντα προσεκυνήσαμεν· ἠκούσαμεν αὐτοῦ πρὸς ἡμᾶς εἰπόντος, Εἰρήνη ὑμῖν, καὶ τὴν ζάλην τῆς λύπης πρὸς γαλήνης εὐφροσύνην ἐτρέψαμεν· ἐθεασάμεθα τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ τὰς ὑποδεξαμένας τὰς τῶν ἥλων ἀκμὰς, ἐθεασάμεθα τὰς χεῖρας τὰς καταβοώσας τῆς λύσσης τῶν θεομάχων κυνῶν, ἐθεασάμεθα τὰς χεῖρας τὰς ὑφανάσας τὴν ἀφθαρσίαν ἡμῖν, ἐθεασάμεθα καὶ τὴν πλευρὰν τὴν παντὸς κήρυκος λαμπρότερον βοῶσαν τὴν εὐσπλαγχνίαν τοῦ πληγέντος· αὐτὴν ἐθεασάμεθα τὴν πλευρὰν, ἣν ὑμνοῦσιν ἄγγελοι, καὶ σέβουσιν οἱ πιστεύοντες, καὶ δαίμονες φρίττουσιν. Ὑπεδεξάμεθα καὶ φύσημα θεῖον ἐκ τοῦ θείου στόματος αὐτοῦ, φύσημα πνευματικὸν, φύσημα πάσης χάριτος χορηγόν. Ἐχειροτονήθημεν ἐκ τοῦ ∆εσπότου δεσπόται τῆς τῶν πλημμελημάτων ἀφέσεως· ἐγενόμεθα καὶ κύριοι τῆς τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν κρίσεως, τοιοῦτον ῥῆμα παρ' αὐτοῦ δεξάμενοι σύνθημα· Ἄν τινων ἀφῆτε τὰς ἁμαρτίας, ἀφίενται αὐτοῖς· ἄν τινων κρατῆτε, κεκράτηνται. Τα

οιούτων λόγων κατετρυφήσαμεν τοῦ Σωτῆρος, τοιούτων δωρεῶν ἀπηλαύσαμεν· οὐ γὰρ ἐνῆν ἡμᾶς μὴ πλουτισθῆναι πλουσίου περιτυχόντας ∆εσπότου· σὺ δὲ μό 63.928 νος πτωχὸς ἔμεινας μὴ παρών. Τί οὖν πρὸς αὐτοὺς ὁ Θωμᾶς; Ἑωράκατε τὸν Κύριον; καλῶς. Οὐκοῦν ὃν ἐθεάσασθε, μειζόνως σέβεσθε· ὃν κατωπτεύσατε, κηρύττοντες διαγίνεσθε. Ἐγὼ δὲ Ἐὰν μὴ ἴδω ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν αὐτοῦ τὸν τύπον τῶν ἥλων, καὶ βάλω τὸν δάκτυλόν μου εἰς τὸν τύπον τῶν ἥλων, καὶ βάλω τὴν χεῖρά μου εἰς τὴν πλευρὰν αὐτοῦ, οὐ μὴ πιστεύσω. Ἀλλ' ὑμεῖς οὐκ ἂν