1

Secret History († Anecdota)

PROCOPIUS' ANEKDOTA. 1.1All that has befallen the Roman people in their wars up to the present day has been narrated by me here, to the best of my ability, fitting all the accounts of the events to their appropriate times and places; but what comes next will no longer be composed by me in the same manner, since here will be written everything that happened to take place throughout the whole of the Roman 1.2 empire. The reason is that it was not possible, while the perpetrators were still alive, to record these things in the way they should have been. For it was not possible either to escape the notice of the multitudes of spies or, if discovered, to avoid perishing by a most pitiful death; for I could not even feel confident in my closest 1.3 relatives. But I was forced to conceal the reasons for many of the things mentioned in my previous books. Therefore, it will be necessary for me here in this account to reveal both the things that have hitherto remained unspoken and the causes of the events previously described. 1.4But as I enter upon another contest, a difficult and terribly hard one, concerning the lives of Justinian and Theodora, I find myself stammering and shrinking back as far as possible, as I ponder this: that what will be written by me now will seem neither credible nor plausible to those who come after, especially when the great flow of time makes the report more ancient, and I fear that I shall gain the reputation of a myth-maker and be ranked among the tragic poets. 1.5 However, having this confidence, I will not shrink from the magnitude of the task, since my account is not without witnesses. For the people of today, being most knowledgeable witnesses of the events, will be trustworthy transmitters to a later time of the belief in them. 1.6 And yet another thing often held me back for a very long time, though I was eager for this task. For I thought it would be unprofitable for future generations that the wickedest deeds should be known to a later age rather than unknown, or that, coming to the ears of ty1.7 rants, they should become objects of emulation. For to most rulers, through ignorance, imitation of the evils of their predecessors is always easy, and they always turn more readily and with less effort to the errors of those who came before them. 1.8 But later I was brought to the history of these deeds by this thought: that it will be clear to those who will be tyrants in the future that it is not unlikely that retribution for their sins will overtake them, as indeed befell these people; and then also their deeds and characters will be recorded forever, and because of this 1.9 they will perhaps be more hesitant to transgress the law. For who among later generations would have known the licentious life of Semiramis or the madness of Sardanapalus and Nero, if these records had not been left by those who wrote at that time? And besides, for those who might happen to suffer similar things at the hands of tyrants, this report will not be entirely unprofita1.10 ble. For the unfortunate are accustomed to find consolation in the fact that terrible things have not happened to them alone. For these reasons I shall proceed to tell first all the wicked things done by Belisarius; and afterwards I shall also reveal all the wicked things done by Justinian and Theodora. 1.11 Belisarius had a wife, whom I mentioned in my previous books, whose grandfather and father were charioteers, who had practiced this trade both in Byzantium and in Thessalonica, and whose mother was one of those who had been prostituted on the stage. 1.12 She, having previously lived a rather wanton life and being debauched in character, and having associated much with her ancestral sorcerers and learned from them all that she needed, later became the wedded wife of Belisarius, 1.13 having already become the mother of many children. Immediately, therefore, she saw fit to be an adulteress from

1

Historia arcana († Anecdota)

ΠΡΟΚΟΠΙΟΥ ΑΝΕΚ∆ΟΤΑ. 1.1Ὅσα μὲν οὖνῬωμαίων τῷ γένει ἐν τοῖς πολέμοις ἄχρι δεῦρο ξυνηνέχθη γενέσθαι, τῇδέ μοι δεδιήγηται, ᾗπερ δυνατὸν ἐγεγόνει τῶν πράξεων τὰς δηλώσεις ἁπάσας ἐπὶ καιρῶν τε καὶ χωρίων τῶν ἐπιτηδείων ἁρμοσαμένῳ· τὰ δὲ ἐνθένδε οὐκέτι μοι τρόπῳ τῷ εἰρημένῳ ξυγκείσεται, ἐπεὶ ἐνταῦθα γεγράψεται πάντα, ὁπόσα δὴ τετύχηκε γενέσθαι πανταχόθι τῆςῬωμαίων 1.2 ἀρχῆς. αἴτιον δὲ, ὅτι δὴ οὐχ οἷόν τε ἦν περιόντων ἔτι τῶν αὐτὰ εἰργασμένων ὅτῳ δεῖ ἀναγράφεσθαι τρόπῳ. οὔτε γὰρ διαλαθεῖν πλήθη κατασκόπων οἷόν τε ἦν οὔτε φωραθέντα μὴ ἀπολωλέναι θανάτῳ οἰκτίστῳ· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν συγγενῶν τοῖς γε οἰκειοτάτοις 1.3 τὸ θαρρεῖν εἶχον. ἀλλὰ καὶ πολλῶν τῶν ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν λόγοις εἰρημένων ἀποκρύψασθαι τὰς αἰτίας ἠναγκάσθην. τὰ τό τε δ' οὖν τέως ἄρρητα μείναντα καὶ τῶν ἔμπροσθεν δεδηλωμένων ἐνταῦθά μοι τοῦ λόγου τὰς αἰτίας σημῆναι δεήσει. 1.4Ἀλλά μοι ἐς ἀγώνισιν ἑτέραν ἰόντι χαλεπήν τινα καὶ δεινῶς ἄμαχον τῶνἸουστινιανῷ τε καὶ Θεοδώρᾳ βεβιωμένων βαμβαίνειν τε καὶ ἀναποδίζειν ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἐκεῖνο διαριθμουμένῳ ξυμβαίνει, ὅτι δή μοι ταῦτα ἐν τῷ παρόντι γεγράψεται τὰ μήτε πιστὰ μήτε εἰκότα φανησόμενα τοῖς ὄπισθεν γενησομένοις, ἄλλως τε ὁπηνίκα ἐπὶ μέγα ῥεύσας ὁ χρόνος παλαιοτέραν τὴν ἀκοὴν ἀπεργάζεται, δέδοικα μὴ καὶ μυθολογίας ἀποίσομαι δόξαν κἀν τοῖς τραγῳδοδιδασκάλοις τετάξομαι. 1.5 ἐκείνῳ μέντοι τὸ θαρρεῖν ἔχων οὐκ ἀποδειλιάσω τὸν ὄγκον τοῦ ἔργου, ὥς μοι οὐκ ἀμαρτύρητος ὁ λόγος ἐστίν. οἱ γὰρ νῦν ἄνθρωποι δαημονέστατοι μάρτυρες τῶν πράξεων ὄντες ἀξιόχρεῳ παραπομποὶ ἐς τὸν ἔπειτα χρόνον τῆς ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν πίστεως ἔσονται. 1.6 Καίτοι με καὶ ἄλλο τι ἐς λόγον τόνδε ὀργῶντα πολλάκις ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἀνεχαίτισε χρόνον. ἐδόξαζον γὰρ τοῖς ἐς τὸ ἔπειτα γενησομένοις ἀξύμφορον ἔσεσθαι τοῦτό γε, ἐπεὶ τῶν ἔργων τὰ πονηρότατα μάλιστα ξυνοίσει ἄγνωστα χρόνῳ τῷ ὑστέρῳ εἶναι, ἢ τοῖς τυ1.7 ράννοις ἐς ἀκοὴν ἥκοντα ζηλωτὰ γίνεσθαι. τῶν γὰρ κρατούντων ἀεὶ τοῖς πλείστοις εὔπορος ὑπὸ ἀμαθίας ἡ ἐς τῶν προγεγενημένων τὰ κακὰ μίμησις, καὶ πρὸς τὰ ἡμαρτημένα τοῖς παλαιοτέροις ῥᾷόν τε καὶ ἀπονώ1.8 τερον ἐς ἀεὶ τρέπονται. ἀλλά με ὕστερον ἐς τῶνδε τῶν ἔργων τὴν ἱστορίαν τοῦτο ἤνεγκεν, ὅτι δὴ τοῖς ἐς τὸ ἔπειτα τυραννήσουσιν ἔνδηλον ἔσται ὡς μάλιστα μὲν καὶ τὴν τίσιν αὐτοὺς τῶν ἁμαρτανομένων περιελθεῖν οὐκ ἀπεικὸς εἴη, ὅπερ καὶ τοῖσδε τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ξυνηνέχθη παθεῖν· ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ ἀνάγραπτοι αὐτῶν αἱ πράξεις καὶ οἱ τρόποι ἐς ἀεὶ ἔσονται, ἀπ' αὐτοῦ τε 1.9 ἴσως ὀκνηρότερον παρανομήσουσι. τίς γὰρ ἂν τὸν Σεμιράμιδος ἀκόλαστον βίον ἢ τὴν Σαρδαναπάλου καὶ Νέρωνος μανίαν τῶν ἐπιγενομένων ἀνθρώπων ἔγνω, εἰ μὴ τοῖς τότε γεγραφόσι τὰ μνημεῖα ταῦτα ἐλέλειπτο; ἄλλως τε καὶ τοῖς τὰ ὅμοια πεισομένοις, ἂν οὕτω τύχοι, πρὸς τῶν τυράννων οὐκ ἀκερδὴς αὕτη παντά1.10 πασιν ἡ ἀκοὴ ἔσται. παραμυθεῖσθαι γὰρ οἱ δυστυχοῦντες εἰώθασι τῷ μὴ μόνοις σφίσι τὰ δεινὰ ξυμπεσεῖν. διά τοι ταῦτα πρῶτα μὲν ὅσα Βελισαρίῳ μοχθηρὰ εἴργασται ἐρῶν ἔρχομαι· ὕστερον δὲ καὶ ὅσαἸουστινιανῷ καὶ Θεοδώρᾳ μοχθηρὰ εἴργασται ἐγὼ δηλώσω. 1.11Ἦν τῷ Βελισαρίῳ γυνὴ, ἧς δὴ ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν λόγοις ἐμνήσθην, πάππου μὲν καὶ πατρὸς ἡνιόχων, ἔν τε Βυζαντίῳ καὶ Θεσσαλονίκῃ τὸ ἔργον τοῦτο ἐνδειξαμένων, μητρὸς δὲ τῶν τινος ἐν θυμέλῃ πεπορνευ1.12 μένων. αὕτη τὰ πρότερα μάχλον τινὰ βιώσασα βίον καὶ τὸν τρόπον ἐξερρωγυῖα, φαρμακεῦσί τε πατρῴοις πολλὰ ὡμιληκυῖα, καὶ τὴν μάθησιν τῶν οἱ ἀναγκαίων ποιησαμένη, ἐγγυητὴ ὕστερον Βελισαρίῳ γυνὴ γέγονε, 1.13 μήτηρ ἤδη παίδων γενομένη πολλῶν. εὐθὺς μὲν οὖν ἠξίου μοιχεύτρια τὸ ἐξ